RESUMO
Lead is a highly toxic metal associated with many human health diseases that can be caused by several environmental changes. Innovative sustainable solutions for water remediation have been recently encouraged by using renewable, low-cost and earth-abundant biomass materials to ensure public health conditions. In this article, Cereus jamacaru DC (popularly known as Mandacaru) was investigated as a biosorbent in the Pb2+ removal from aqueous solution using a two-level factorial design. The analysis of variance suggested a significant and predictive model (R2 = 0.9037). The maximum efficacy of Pb2+ removal in the experimental design was 97.26%, being the optimized conditions: pH 5.0, contact time 4â h without adding NaCl. The Mandacaru was divided into three types according to the plant structure and this parameter did not present a significant interference in the biosorption process. This result corroborates with slight differences in the total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds found in the Mandacaru types investigated. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of O-H, C-O and C = O groups that were responsible for the ion biosorption process. The optimized procedure was capable to remove 97.28% of the Pb2+ added in the Taborda river water sample. The kinetic adsorption results show the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption process. Thus the treated water sample can be considered in accordance with technical standards issued by CONAMA Resolution Num. 430/2011 and Ordinance GM/MS Num.888/2021 of WHO. In this way, the Mandacaru proved to be an efficient, fast and easy-to-apply bioadsorbent in Pb2+ removal and has great environmental application potential.
RESUMO
Beer is a complex product due to its raw materials (malt, hops, yeast, and water). Beer production can also use other matters as adjuncts. This study investigated the influence of Mandacaru fruit pulp (MFP) as an adjunct on volatile and phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties of Beer. Worts were produced using four treatments including a control. Fermentations were conducted for 10 days at 18 °C using yeast Lachancea spp, maturated at 3 °C for 15 days, and bottled at 20 °C for 15 days. All compounds were evaluated by HPLC, and GC-MS. Worts' supplementation influenced the volatile and phenolic profile and increased the antioxidant activity of wort and Beer. Beers A (100 g of MFP/L), B (200 g of MFP/L), and C (300 g of MFP/L) presented higher ethanol and glycerol content. Beer C contained the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Worts' supplemented with MFP increased aroma formation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Antioxidantes/análise , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Cerveja/análise , Frutas/química , Fenóis/análise , FermentaçãoRESUMO
For the first time, the presence of Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal is being recorded in mandacaru fruits [Cereus jamacaru DC.], in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, in the south-central region of the State of Piauí, Brazil (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Eleven specimens were obtained from mandacaru fruits in an area of native forest between February and May of 2016. This is the first record of N. zadolicha in a Cactaceae species.(AU)
Registra-se a ocorrência de Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal pela primeira vez em frutos de mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.), no município de Alvorada do Gurgueia, centro-sul do estado do Piauí (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Foram obtidos 11 exemplares de frutos de mandacaru, em área de mata nativa, de fevereiro de 2016 a maio de 2016. Este é o primeiro registro de N. zadolicha em uma espécie de Cactaceae.(AU)
Assuntos
Pragas da Agricultura , Cactaceae , DípterosRESUMO
For the first time, the presence of Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal is being recorded in mandacaru fruits [Cereus jamacaru DC.], in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, in the south-central region of the State of Piauí, Brazil (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Eleven specimens were obtained from mandacaru fruits in an area of native forest between February and May of 2016. This is the first record of N. zadolicha in a Cactaceae species.(AU)
Registra-se a ocorrência de Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal pela primeira vez em frutos de mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.), no município de Alvorada do Gurgueia, centro-sul do estado do Piauí (8º22'35.63" S, 43º51'25,96" W). Foram obtidos 11 exemplares de frutos de mandacaru, em área de mata nativa, de fevereiro de 2016 a maio de 2016. Este é o primeiro registro de N. zadolicha em uma espécie de Cactaceae.(AU)
Assuntos
Pragas da Agricultura , Cactaceae , DípterosRESUMO
Os efeitos da administração oral do extrato metanólico (EM) de Cereus jamacaru DC., Cactaceae, foram investigados sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em ratas Wistar adultas grávidas. Vinte ratas (n = 5 por grupo) foram tratadas durante quatro dias consecutivos com EM por via oral nas doses de 100, 250 e 500 mg/kg de peso e, em seguida, determinados os perfis bioquímico e hematológico. Os resultados mostraram que durante o período do tratamento não foi observado efeitos nocivos ou óbitos. Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos não foram modificados pela administração oral do EM, excetuando-se o aumento significativo de 45,7 por cento e de 41,9 por cento para alanina transferase (ALT) nas doses de 250 e 500 mg/kg além do aumento significativo, respectivo de 48,2 por cento, 39,8 por cento e 41,8 por cento para aspartato aminotransferase (AST). Em relação aos valores hematológicos, registrou-se flutuação dentro dos valores de referência na contagem diferencial de hemoglobina, de neutrófilo e de linfócito. Dessa forma, a administração do extrato metanólico de C. jamacaru não apresentou reações tóxicas sobre a maioria dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos estudados em ratas Wistar adultas grávidas. Entretanto, o aumento dos níveis séricos de AST e ALT em doses elevadas sugere uma sobrecargas hepática, as quais devem ser investigadas em maiores detalhes.
The effects of oral administration of methanol extract (ME) prepared from stems of Cereus jamacaru DC., Cactaceae were investigated on the biochemical and hematological parameters in pregnant adult Wistar rats. Twenty rats (n = 5 per group) have been treated orally for four consecutive days with ME in doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg weight, and then, it was determined the biochemical and hematological profiles. The results showed that during the period of treatment there was no signs of toxicity or death. The hematological and biochemical parameters were not modified by oral administration of ME, except for a significant increase of 45.7 percent and 41.9 percent for alanine transaminase (ALT) in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg in addition to the significant increase, of to 48.2 percent, 39.8 percent and 41.8 percent for aspartate transaminase (AST). In hematology, it was registered a fluctuation within the reference values of hemoglobin in the differential count of neutrophil and lymphocyte. In this way the administration of methanol extract of C. jamacaru does not produce toxic effects or alters the majority of biochemical and hematological studies in pregnant adult Wistar rats. However, the increase of serum ALT and AST in high doses suggests a liver overload, which must be investigated in more detail.
RESUMO
A procura por novos agentes antimicrobianos a partir de plantas vem sendo intensificada e não existem estudos direcionados à avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de C. jamacaru frente a microrganismos prejudiciais ao homem. Em vista disso, avaliou-se o efeito antimicrobiano do extrato bruto etanólico do lenho (EBLE) e do córtex (EBCO) desta espécie frente a colônias puras de oito microrganismos patogênicos. Neste estudo foram utilizados os métodos difusão em ágar (meio sólido) e CIM (concentração inibitória mínima). Os resultados obtidos neste ensaio preliminar mostraram que EBCO apresentou atividade antimicrobiana mais pronunciada que EBCE e que os microrganismos cujo crescimento foi mais influenciado por EBCO foram Streptococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli.
The search for new antibiotic agents from plants is growing, and no study regarding the activity of C. jamacaru pathological microorganisms has been carried out. This research evaluates the antibiotic effect of crude ethanolic extracts of the cortex (EBCO) and wood (EBLE) of the species over eight microorganisms. Two methods were used: agar diffusion and MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration). EBCO showed better inhibition results than EBLE. Streptococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are the microorganisms that were better inhibited by EBCO.