RESUMO
PURPOSE: Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, formerly called benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, or rolandic epilepsy, is an age-related and well-defined epileptic syndrome. Since seizures associated with rolandic spikes are infrequent and usually occur during sleep, and repetitive or prolonged EEG recording for diagnostic purposes is not necessary for diagnosis, reports of ictal video-electroencephalographic seizures in this syndrome are rare. We aimed to show ictal video-EEG of typical rolandic seizures. METHODS: We report the ictal video-EEG recordings of two children with rolandic epilepsy who presented typical rolandic seizures during routine recording. RESULTS: Case 1: A 9-year-old boy, with normal development, had his first seizure at 8 years old, characterized by paresthesia in his left face, blocking of speech, and drooling. Carbamazepine was started with seizure control. Case 2: A 10-year-old boy, with normal development, started with focal seizures during sleep, characterized by eye and perioral deviation, and speech arrest at age of 7. He started using oxcarbazepine. Both patients underwent routine electroencephalography for electroclinical diagnosis and presented a seizure. CONCLUSION: Although self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a very common epileptic syndrome, seizure visualization is very difficult, and these videos may bring didactical information for recognition of this usual presentation of benign childhood focal epilepsy.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Rolândica , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Criança , Documentação , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Epilepsia Rolândica/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Rolândica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Convulsões/complicações , Convulsões/diagnósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the association between benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BREC) and central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) and to test the hypothesis that an early onset of BREC could be associated with more cases of CAPD. METHOD: This study has a retrospective cross-sectional design conducted from January 2006 to January 2016 including 93 patients with BREC and without intellectual disability, dyslexia, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders. All patients were evaluated for central auditory processing (CAP), and its presence or absence was compared with age of seizure onset. RESULTS: In all patients, audiometric test results were normal, and in 43 cases (46.2%), CAPD was detected. There was no significant statistical difference in the mean age of seizure onset. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of children with BREC will have a diagnosis of CAPD at school age.
Assuntos
Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/complicações , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões/complicaçõesRESUMO
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the attentional and executive functions in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with controls and compared with patients with ADHD without epilepsy. We evaluated 12 patients with BCECTS and ADHD (66.7% boys; mean age of 9.67years); 11 children with non-ADHD BCECTS (63.6% boys; mean age of 11.91years); 20 healthy children (75% boys; mean age of 10.15years); and 20 subjects with ADHD without epilepsy (60% boys; mean age of 10.9years). We used a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate attentional and executive functions in their broad domains. Patients with BCECTS and ADHD had worse performance in Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (reaction time standard error [p=0.008], variability [p=0.033], perseverations [p=0.044] and in reaction time interstimuli interval [p=0.016]). Patients with ADHD showed worse performance in Trail Making Test B errors [p=0.012]. In conclusion, patients with BCECTS and ADHD had worse executive and attentional performance compared with controls than non-ADHD patients with BCECTS. Regardless of the presence of epilepsy, ADHD also negatively impacted executive and attentional functions but in different executive subdomains compared with patients with epilepsy.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Epilepsia Rolândica/psicologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Adolescente , Atenção/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Cognição/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Tempo de Reação , Teste de Sequência AlfanuméricaRESUMO
La epilepsia benigna con puntas centrotemporales o rolándicas se caracteriza por crisis parciales motoras en la infancia y un electroencefalograma en que observan descargas de puntas en las regiones centrotemporales medias. Ha sido reconocida como benigna, debido a la ausencia de déficits neurológicos evidentes; sin embargo, en los últimos años en la literatura médica internacional han aparecido varias publicaciones que cuestionan su evolución favorable. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar algunos criterios que no concuerdan con el buen pronóstico referido inicialmente. Representa una etapa fundamental en la historia de la epilepsia, debido a que es la primera vez que se describió una epilepsia focal o parcial en la que se presumía que no existía una lesión cortical subyacente. La evolución de esta forma de epilepsia puede mostrar elementos que niegan su benignidad. Se recomienda en un futuro efectuar en nuestro servicio un estudio que confirme los criterios expuestos en la literatura médica internacional(AU)
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, aka benign rolandic epilepsy, is characterized by partial motor crisis in childhood and electroencephalography showing point discharges in medial centrotemporal regions. The condition has been recognized as benign due to the absence of evident neurological deficits. However, in recent years several publications have appeared in international medical literature in which its favorable evolution is questioned. The objective of the present study is to update some criteria differing from the good prognosis initially stated. It constitutes a fundamental stage in the history of epilepsy, since for the first time a case of focal or partial epilepsy was being described in which presumably there did not exist an underlying cortical lesion. The evolution of this form of epilepsy may display features denying its benignity. It is recommended that in the future a study be conducted in our service confirming the criteria expounded in international medical literature(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Cognitivos , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Encefalopatias/complicações , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To present a retrospective study of 13 children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), also known as benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), associated with generalized spikes and waves as the only EEG manifestation at onset. METHOD: Charts of children with typical clinical criteria of BRE electroclinically followed-up between February 2000 and February 2015 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 309 patients who met the electroclinical criteria of BRE, we identified 13 children who presented with the typical clinical manifestations but who, on the EEG, only had generalized paroxysms at onset that continued along the course of the syndrome. Generalized spike-and-wave discharges were observed in all patients when awake and during sleep (100%). During the evolution no particular electroclinical pattern was observed. The patients responded well to antiepileptic drugs, such as valproic acid and levetiracetam. Outcome was good in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence that patients with BRE may have generalized EEG discharges at onset as the sole manifestation lasting throughout the course of the syndrome. In some, focal paroxysms developed later. The course was benign. In our group of patients, clinical features and evolution were similar to those of typical cases of BRE. Response to valproic acid and levetiracetam was found to be particularly good.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Rolândica/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Rolândica/fisiopatologia , Anticonvulsivantes , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epilepsia Rolândica/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Levetiracetam , Masculino , Piracetam/análogos & derivados , Piracetam/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
La epilepsia benigna con puntas centrotemporales o rolándicas se caracteriza por crisis parciales motoras en la infancia y un electroencefalograma en que observan descargas de puntas en las regiones centrotemporales medias. Ha sido reconocida como benigna, debido a la ausencia de déficits neurológicos evidentes; sin embargo, en los últimos años en la literatura médica internacional han aparecido varias publicaciones que cuestionan su evolución favorable. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar algunos criterios que no concuerdan con el buen pronóstico referido inicialmente. Representa una etapa fundamental en la historia de la epilepsia, debido a que es la primera vez que se describió una epilepsia focal o parcial en la que se presumía que no existía una lesión cortical subyacente. La evolución de esta forma de epilepsia puede mostrar elementos que niegan su benignidad. Se recomienda en un futuro efectuar en nuestro servicio un estudio que confirme los criterios expuestos en la literatura médica internacional(AU)
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, aka benign rolandic epilepsy, is characterized by partial motor crisis in childhood and electroencephalography showing point discharges in medial centrotemporal regions. The condition has been recognized as benign due to the absence of evident neurological deficits. However, in recent years several publications have appeared in international medical literature in which its favorable evolution is questioned. The objective of the present study is to update some criteria differing from the good prognosis initially stated. It constitutes a fundamental stage in the history of epilepsy, since for the first time a case of focal or partial epilepsy was being described in which presumably there did not exist an underlying cortical lesion. The evolution of this form of epilepsy may display features denying its benignity. It is recommended that in the future a study be conducted in our service confirming the criteria expounded in international medical literature(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Encefalopatias/complicações , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
La Epilepsia Rolándica (ER) o Epilepsia con espigas centrotemporales, es la epilepsia idiopática más frecuente, focal autolimitada, de buena evolución. Debuta entre los 3 a 13 años, con crisis estereotipadas durante el sueño, al inicio o al despertar, focales motoras y somatosensoriales. El electroencefalograma (EEG) muestra una base normal con actividad epileptiforme interictal centrotemporal, con espigas con escaso desarrollo de onda lenta, uni o bilaterales. Se describe en los últimos años una forma atípica de ER (ERA), asociando otros tipos de crisis, que responden peor a tratamiento, manteniendo crisis, con complicaciones neuropsicológicas asociadas y deterioro del EEG, observándose en algunos casos, actividad, continua o casi continua en sueño. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar a los pacientes con ER que se controlan en Red Salud UC-Christus y describir la presencia de posibles factores de riesgo asociados a la evolución atípica de la ER. 16 pacientes con ER típica y otros 6 con ERA, ambos grupos edad promedio 6 años al debut presentación, de predominio sexo masculino, la mayoría con buen rendimiento escolar y examen neurológico normal. En ER, crisis de predominio focales y base de EEG 62% normal. EEG entre ocasional y muy frecuentes descargas epileptiformes. En ERA, solo un 33% base normal, y predominio crisis generalizadas. Mayoría evoluciona con descargas EEG contínuas o casi continuas en sueño No-REM. Hubo peor respuesta a FAEs en ERA. Concluimos que este estudio es concordante con lo descrito en la literatura actual para pacientes con ER y ERA, por lo que recomendamos considerar la presencia de posibles factores indicadores, iniciales o durante la evolución, de formas atípicas de ER.
Abstract: Rolandic Epilepsy (ER) or epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, is a focal and selflimited epilepsy and it is the most frequent and well-recognized idiopathic epilepsy. It is characterized by an age of presentation between 3 and 13 years, with stereotyped seizures during sleep, at the beginning or on awakening, which can be focal, motor and sensory. The electroencephalogram shows a normal base with interictal epileptiform activity, centrotemporal spikes with poor slow wave development, which can be unilateral o bilateral. In recent years, an atypical presentation of Rolandic Epilepsy (ERA) has been described, with presence of other types of seizures, with poor response to treatment, continued seizures and associated neuropsychological complications and deterioration of the electroencephalogram, in some cases with continuous or almost continuous activity during sleep. Our work aims to characterize the patients that are controlled in the Red Salud UC-Christus and to describe the presence of possible risk factors associated with the atypical evolution of Rolandic Epilepsy. We studied 16 patients with typical ER and other 6 with ERA, both groups with an age average of 6 years at time of debut presentation, more frequent in males, most with good school performance and normal neurological examination. In ER there were focal prevalence seizures and 62% had an EEG with a normal base. The EEG showed occasional to very frequent epileptiform discharges. In ERA, only 33% of the EEG had a normal base, and it most frequently showed generalized seizure. Most of the patients followed up with continuous or nearly continuous discharges in the EEG during REM sleep. There was worse response to FAEs in ERA. We conclude that this study is consistent with that described in the current literature for patients with ER and ERA, we recommend physicians to consider the presence of possible initial of belated indicators of atypical forms of ER.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Epilepsia Rolândica/diagnóstico por imagem , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Epilepsia Rolândica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir la presencia de alteraciones de la actividad de base a través del análisis cuantitativo del EEG (QEEG) en pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica. Material y Método: Se realizó el análisis visual del EEG (29 pacientes) y el QEEG (26 pacientes). Los valores de poder absoluto y poder relativo obtenidos para cada paciente fueron comparados con una base de datos normativos mediante el estadígrafo transformada Z. Resultados: Se encontraron variaciones estadísticamente significativas de energía en 73,08 por ciento de los casos: 73,68 por ciento en las bandas lentas y 26,31 por ciento para las rápidas. La topografía de la actividad lenta fue en regiones centro-temporales y/o centro-parietales 64,28 por ciento, en las regiones anteriores y extratemporales 21,43 por ciento y 14,28 por ciento presentaron actividad lenta aislada extratemporal. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones significativas en la actividad de base electroencefalográfica antes descritas en los pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica, sugieren una posible relación con un disturbio maduracional o a la presencia de las descargas epileptiformes interictales(AU)
Objective: To describe abnormalities of the background activity by quantitative analysis in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy. Methods: Visual (29 patients) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) (26 patients) analyses were done. Absolute and Relative Power values obtained in the patients were compared with those from a normative database (Z-Maps). Results: Q-EEG results showed a significative changes in a 73,08 percent of the patients: 73,68 percent in slow frequency and 26,31 percent in rapid frequency. A focal significative increase in slow frequency in centro-temporal and/or centro-parietal regions was observed in 64,28 percent, in the same regions and extratemporal regions in 21,43 percent and only slow activity extratemporal in 14,28 percent of the patients. Conclusions: Significative variations in background activity in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy, suggests a possible relation with the presence of interictal epileptiform discharges or a certain age-related functional immaturity(AU)
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir la presencia de alteraciones de la actividad de base a través del análisis cuantitativo del EEG (QEEG) en pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica. Material y Método: Se realizó el análisis visual del EEG (29 pacientes) y el QEEG (26 pacientes). Los valores de poder absoluto y poder relativo obtenidos para cada paciente fueron comparados con una base de datos normativos mediante el estadígrafo transformada Z. Resultados: Se encontraron variaciones estadísticamente significativas de energía en 73,08 % de los casos: 73,68 % en las bandas lentas y 26,31 % para las rápidas. La topografía de la actividad lenta fue en regiones centro-temporales y/o centro-parietales 64,28 %, en las regiones anteriores y extratemporales 21,43 % y 14,28 % presentaron actividad lenta aislada extratemporal. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones significativas en la actividad de base electroencefalográfica antes descritas en los pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica, sugieren una posible relación con un disturbio maduracional o a la presencia de las descargas epileptiformes interictales.
Objective: To describe abnormalities of the background activity by quantitative analysis in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy. Methods: Visual (29 patients) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) (26 patients) analyses were done. Absolute and Relative Power values obtained in the patients were compared with those from a normative database (Z-Maps). Results: Q-EEG results showed a significative changes in a 73,08 % of the patients: 73,68 % in slow frequency and 26,31 % in rapid frequency. A focal significative increase in slow frequency in centro-temporal and/or centro-parietal regions was observed in 64,28 %, in the same regions and extratemporal regions in 21,43 % and only slow activity extratemporal in 14,28 % of the patients. Conclusions: Significative variations in background activity in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy, suggests a possible relation with the presence of interictal epileptiform discharges or a certain age-related functional immaturity.
RESUMO
Thirty-two children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) were studied for a mean period of 27.6 months. The characteristics of the seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG), WISC-III and School Performance Test were compared at the start and end of the study. Nine (28.1 percent) children continued having seizures. Epileptiform activity (EA) on the EEG reduced in number and was no longer recorded in 6 (18.7 percent) children. There was a significant improvement in the performance and perceptual organization IQ values. The improvement in reading performance failed to reach statistical significance. The performance in arithmetic worsened in 43.7 percent of the children, and this was associated with the persistence of epileptic seizures. There were no significant correlations between changes in cognitive aspects and characteristics of EA. There is a need to continue this study, and also search for other factors influencing the evolution of cognitive abilities in children with BECTS.
Foram estudados aspectos evolutivos clínicos, cognitivos e eletrencefalográficos (EEG) de 32 crianças com epilepsia benigna da infância com pontas centrotemporais (EBICT) acompanhadas por 27,6 meses. Foram comparadas as características das crises, do EEG, do WISC-III e do Teste de Desempenho Escolar ao início e ao final do estudo. Nove (28,1 por cento) crianças continuaram apresentando crises. A atividade epileptiforme (AE) ao EEG reduziu-se em número e não mais foi registrada em 6 (18,7 por cento) crianças. Houve melhora significativa nos QI de execução e de organização perceptual. A melhora do desempenho em leitura não alcançou significância estatística, enquanto em 43,7 por cento das crianças houve piora em aritmética. Esta foi associada à persistência de crises epilépticas. Não houve correlações significativas entre aspectos cognitivos e características da AE. Há necessidade de estudar até a remissão total das crises e da AE, assim como procurar outros fatores que influenciem a evolução das habilidades cognitivas das crianças com EBICT.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia Rolândica/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Rolândica/complicações , Seguimentos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologiaRESUMO
In the active phase of benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BCECTS) there may be a fall in scholastic performance. OBJECTIVE: To study lexical decision in children with BCECTS. METHOD: 42 children with BCECTS were compared with a control group with respect to their hits and response time in a visual discrimination of words and pseudowords task (DWPT). RESULTS: The children with BCECTS had a lower percentage of hits for words and pseudowords and showed longer response times for pseudowords. They also frequently showed inferior reading and writing performance in the school performance test. The percentage of hits for pseudowords was lower when there was bilateral, asynchronous epileptiform activity. CONCLUSIONS: The DWPT provided contributions for reading assessments in children with BCECTS. The results indicated the need for attention in detecting reading difficulties in children with BCECTS.
Na fase ativa da epilepsia benigna da infância com pontas centrotemporais (EBICT) pode ocorrer queda de desempenho escolar. OBJETIVO: Estudar a decisão lexical em crianças com EBICT. MÉTODO: 42 crianças com EBICT foram comparadas a grupo controle quanto a acertos e tempo de resposta em tarefa de discriminação visual entre palavras e pseudopalavras (DVPPS). RESULTADOS: As crianças com EBICT tiveram percentual menor de acertos para palavras e pseudopalavras e maior tempo de resposta para pseudopalavras e tiveram, mais frequentemente, desempenho inferior em escrita e leitura em teste de desempenho escolar. Houve relação significativa entre os resultados do DVPPS e o teste de desempenho escolar. A percentagem de acerto de pseudopalavras foi menor quando havia atividade epileptiforme bilateral e assíncronia no eletrencefalograma. CONCLUSÃO: O DVPPS mostrou contribuições na avaliação da leitura em crianças com EBICT. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de atenção na detecção de dificuldades de leitura em crianças com EBICT.