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Background: To analyze the pain modulation capacity profile in a Brazilian population, the relationship between opioid receptor (OPRM1) and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 1polymorphisms and pain modulation capacity was determined through preoperative pain modulation tests and acute postoperative pain control evaluation, swelling, and trismus in 200 volunteers undergoing lower third molar removal. Methods: Psychologic and clinical parameters were measured. Patient DNA was sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphisms in OPRM1 and COMT, and the salivary concentration of interleukin (IL)-2 (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was evaluated. Primary outcomes were the influence of all predictors on the fluctuation of pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and swelling and trismus on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days. Preoperative pain modulation capacity (CPM), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), body mass index (BMI), and surgery duration and difficulty were evaluated. Results: Salivary concentration of IFN-γ and IL-2 as well as the duration of surgery influenced the fluctuation of postoperative pain in the VAS, and in the sum of the differences in pain intensity test at 8, 48, and 96 h. BMI influenced swelling, while both BMI and COMT haplotype influenced trismus on the 2nd postoperative day. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in COMT, salivary concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ, BMI, and duration of surgery were predictors for pain fluctuation, swelling, and trismus on the 2nd day after lower third molar extraction. This therapy was effective in controlling inflammatory symptomatology after lower third molar extraction and ibuprofen was well tolerated by patients. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03169127.

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There is an inconsistent finding about the relationship of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with dementia susceptibility, as well as with cognitive impairment. To substantiate this, we examined COMT genotype effects in certain cognitive domains in dementia. To evaluate the effects of COMT Val158Met on cognitive performance, we used The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) and the Syndrome Kurz Test (SKT). The results show COMT Val/Met, Val/Val genotype polymorphisms had a significant effect on cognition performance (OR = 1.75 (95 %CI 1.22-2.54) and (OR = 2.76 (95 %CI 1.78-4.26), p < 0.001), and with adjustment for all cognitive test scores together, Val/Val (OR = 4.98 (95 % CI 1.47-16.86) and Val/Met (OR = 3.62 (95 % CI 1.37-9.56) had effect. Our study allows us to understand the role of COMT in cognitive performance in dementia, as well as interaction with other known risk factors for this pathology. This data might help in developing new therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment, main symptom of dementia. Other risk genotypes or haplotypes should be evaluated to determine the association with cognitive decline in dementia.

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Introducción: la preeclampsia constituye una causa importante de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal en el mundo. Su etiopatogenia es aún un enigma; sin embargo, los avances en genómica y proteómica prometen la identificación temprana de la enfermedad o del riesgo de padecerla. Objetivo: hacer una reflexión sobre los avances más promisorios de la genómica y proteómica, en el tamizaje y/o predicción de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: dos polimorfismos funcionales, uno en el gen ACE (I/D) y otro en el gen COMT (Val158Met), poseen los resultados más promisorios para cumplir con el objetivo de identificar genéticamente a las mujeres con mayor riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia durante un embarazo. Por su parte, la proteómica ha identificado a la SERPINA-1 como un biomarcador útil para detectar en la orina de las embarazadas que estén desarrollando la preeclampsia, con al menos 10 semanas de antelación a las manifestaciones clínicas de la misma y la necesidad de finalizar el embarazo. En conjunto, estos avances llevados a la práctica clínica podrían reducir el impacto de esta patología en la salud materna.

Introduction: preeclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality throughout the world. Its etiopathogeny still remains an enigma; however, the advances made in genomics and proteomics promise early identification of the disease or the risk of suffering from it. Objective: thoughts on the most promising advances in genomics and proteomics regarding the pressing goal of early detection and/or prediction of preeclampsia risk. Conclusions: two functional polymorphisms, one on the ACE gene (I/D) and another one in the COMT gene (Val158Met) are the most promising results of genomics for identifying women at genetically higher risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy. Proteomics has identified SERPINA-1 as a useful biomarker for detecting preeclampsia in the urine of pregnant women at least 10 weeks before clinical manifestations as well as the need for early termination of pregnancy. Such recent progress in genomics and proteomics adapted to clinical practice might reduce the impact of this disease on maternal health.

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