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Objective: To describe gender differences in adult patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and its relation to morbidity and mortality at 30 days and 6 months. Material and methods: An observational study from the WHO database comprehending all patients underwent carotid angioplasty in the Department of Hemodynamics Coronary and Peripheral Artery Intervention, Cardiology Hospital 34, IMSS, Monterrey, was conducted in order to ASSESS the differences between genders and their relationship to primary end points within 30 days after the intervention, which were defined as the presence of death related to the procedure, major cerebrovascular event, or myocardial infarction. Results: 279/341 patients/lesions were included for analysis. Within baseline characteristics, women had significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (61.4 versus 45.4%, p = 0.006), prior renal angioplasty (21.9 versus 11.5%, p = 0.015), right carotid condition (65.8 versus 53.7%, p = 0.03), prior stroke (20.2 versus 34.4%, p = 0.007) and higher EuroSCORE (3.13 ± 1.72 versus 2.4 ± 1.26, p < 0.001). The masculine gender was only associated with smoking (69.2 versus 35.1%, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, the female gender was associated with major fatal and non-fatal stroke (4.4 versus 0.9%, p = 0.031). According to symptomatology and subgroups, we found a significant association between women with asymptomatic Increased risk of major cardiovascular events when compared to asymptomatic diseases (9.5 versus 1.4%, p = 0.004). Conclusions: In our center, women who underwent carotid angioplasty present more comorbidities and higher risk in comparison with the male gender. However, these differences do not impact on most adverse cardiovascular events (MACVE) at 30 days. In the subgroup of asymptomatic patients, the risk of major cardiovascular events is significantly higher in the female gender.
Objetivo: Describir las diferencias de género en pacientes adultos sometidos a angioplastia carotídea y su relación con la morbimortalidad a 30 días y seis meses. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de la base de datos que comprende los casos sometidos a angioplastia carotídea en el Departamento de Hemodinámica e Intervención Coronaria Periférica del Hospital de Cardiología No. 34, IMSS, Monterrey. Se analizaron las diferencias entre géneros y su relación con los puntos finales primarios dentro de los 30 días posteriores a la intervención, los cuales fueron definidos como la presencia de muerte relacionada con procedimiento, evento vascular cerebral o infarto agudo de miocardio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 279/341 pacientes/lesiones. Dentro de las características basales se encontró que las mujeres presentaban una mayor prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (61.4 versus 45.4%, p = 0.006), angioplastia renal previa (21.9 versus 11.5%, p = 0.015), afección de carótida derecha (65.8 versus 53.7%, p = 0.03), evento vascular cerebral (EVC) previo (34.4 versus 20.2%, p = 0.007) y EuroSCORE más alto (3.13 ± 1.72 versus 2.4 ± 1.26, p < 0.001). El género masculino sólo se asoció con mayor tabaquismo (69.2 versus 35.1%, p < 0.001). En el análisis univariado, el género femenino se asoció significativamente con EVC (fatal y no fatal) (4.4 versus 0.9%, p = 0.031). Al dividir en subgrupos de acuerdo con la sintomatología, se encontró una fuerte asociación entre las mujeres asintomáticas con más elevado riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en comparación con el grupo masculino asintomático (9.5 versus 1.4%, p = 0.004). Conclusiones: En nuestro centro, las mujeres sometidas a angioplastia carotídea presentan más comorbilidades y se encuentran en un riesgo mayor en comparación con el género masculino. Sin embargo, estas diferencias no impactan en la incidencia de eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores (EACVM) a 30 días. En el subgrupo de pacientes asintomáticos el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares mayores es significativamente más alto en el género femenino.
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ABSTRACT Mechanical thrombectomy as an adjunctive to intravenous thrombolysis is now the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusions. However, the best management of acute carotid tandem occlusions (CTO) remains controversial. Method Twenty patients underwent endovascular treatment of acute CTO. The primary endpoint was the composite rate of complete or partial recanalization without a symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary endpoints were recanalization times, procedure times, and clinical outcomes at three months. Results The primary endpoint was reached in 17 (85%) patients. Recanalization rate was reached in 90% of patients (19/20) and sICH rate was 5% (1/20). At the 3-month follow-up we obtained a mRS ≤ 2 rate of 35% (7/20) and a mortality rate of 20% (4/20). Conclusion Carotid angioplasty stenting and endovascular treatment of AIS due to CTO appears effective with an acceptable rate of sICH.
RESUMO Trombectomia mecânica com stentrievers associada a trombólise endovenosa com rTPA é o tratamento padrão-ouro do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (AVCi) devido à oclusões de grandes vasos. No entanto, a melhor estratégia terapêutica para oclusões carotídeas combinadas ainda permanece controversa. Método Vinte paciente receberam tratamento endovascular. O desfecho primário foi a taxa de recanalização completa sem sangramento intracraniano sintomático. Os desfechos secundários foram os tempos de recanalização, duração dos procedimentos e desfechos clínicos em 3 meses. Resultados O desfecho primário foi alcançado em 17 (85%) pacientes. A taxa de recanalização foi de 90% (19/20) e a taxa de HIS foi de 5% (1/20). Em três meses, foi obtido bom desfecho neurológico em 35% (7/20) dos pacientes e a mortalidade foi de 20% (4/20). Conclusão A angioplastia com stent de carotída associada ao tratamento endovascular para oclusões combinadas agudas de carótida parece ser efetiva sem um aumento de HIS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Stents , Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción La angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP) carotídea con implante de stent es un procedimiento eficaz en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) de tipo isquémico, pero su morbimortalidad periprocedimiento aún es discutida. Objetivo Comunicar los resultados de una serie prospectiva de pacientes tratados con ATP. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo de la base de datos de tres centros de Hemodinamia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a ATP carotídea desde enero de 1998 a noviembre de 2010. Se analizaron los resultados de las ATP realizadas por un mismo operador. Resultados La edad media fue de 69 años, el 58% de los pacientes eran hombres, el 58,8% tabaquistas, el 52% dislipidémicos, el 79,1% hipertensos y el 28% diabéticos. El 19,4% y el 11,6% tenían historia previa de infarto y cirugía coronaria, respectivamente. Desde 1998 hasta 2004 (etapa inicial, n = 54) hubo un 72% de pacientes sintomáticos con indicación de revascularización; en esta etapa no se utilizó sistema de protección cerebral. En la etapa más contemporánea (2004-2010, n = 171), sólo el 17,5% fueron sintomáticos y el uso de sistema de protección cerebral fue sistemático. Se observó una tasa similar de éxito angiográfico en las dos etapas (inicial 96% vs. contemporánea 97%), en tanto que la tasa de éxito clínico de la etapa contemporánea fue superior a la obtenida en la etapa inicial (96,1% vs. 87%; p = 0,016). No se observaron complicaciones cardiológicas. La tasa de muerte o ACV intrahospitalario fue del 4%, del 4,3% (3/70) en los sintomáticos y del 3,2% (5/155) en los asintomáticos; esta tasa fue mayor en la etapa inicial que en la contemporánea 11,1% (6/54) vs. 1,7% (2/171); p = 0,0028. Conclusión La ATP representa una alternativa terapéutica de aceptable seguridad, siempre que sea realizada por operadores experimentados.
Learning curve during percutaneous treatment of carotid lesions Background Percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty (PTCA) with stent implantation is an effective procedure for the prevention of ischemic stroke (IS) but its periprocedural morbimortality is still subject to debate. Objective The aim of this study is to report the results of a prospective series of patients treated with PTCA. Methods This is a descriptive, observational, prospective study using the database of three Hemodynamic centers in Buenos Aires, which included all patients submitted to PTCA from January 1998 to December 2010. The results of PTCA performed by the same operator were analyzed. Results Mean age was 69 years, 58% of the patients were men, 58.8% were smokers, 52% had dyslipidemia, 79.1% were hypertensive, and 28% had diabetes. Prior history of acute myocardial infarction and coronary surgery was present in 19.4 and 11.6% of the patients, respectively. From 1998 to 2004 (initial stage, n=54) 72% of symptomatic patients had indication of revascularization, which was performed without cerebral protection in all cases. During the most recent stage (2004-2010, n=171), only 17.5% of the patients were symptomatic and revascularization was performed systematically with cerebral protection. Similar angiographic success was obtained in both stages (initial 96% vs. recent 97%), whereas clinical success rate was greater in the recent phase (96.1% vs. 87%, p=0.016). There were no cardiac complications. The death rate or intrahospital stroke was 4%, 4.3% (3/70) in symptomatic and 3.2% (5/155) in asymptomatic patients; moreover, this rate was higher in the initial than in the recent phase (11.1% 6/54 vs. 1.7% 2/171, p=0.0028). Conclusions PTCA represents an acceptably safe therapeutic alternative to surgical revascularization, providing the procedure is performed by experienced operators.
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Introducción La angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP) carotídea con implante de stent es un procedimiento eficaz en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) de tipo isquémico, pero su morbimortalidad periprocedimiento aún es discutida. Objetivo Comunicar los resultados de una serie prospectiva de pacientes tratados con ATP. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo de la base de datos de tres centros de Hemodinamia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a ATP carotídea desde enero de 1998 a noviembre de 2010. Se analizaron los resultados de las ATP realizadas por un mismo operador. Resultados La edad media fue de 69 años, el 58% de los pacientes eran hombres, el 58,8% tabaquistas, el 52% dislipidémicos, el 79,1% hipertensos y el 28% diabéticos. El 19,4% y el 11,6% tenían historia previa de infarto y cirugía coronaria, respectivamente. Desde 1998 hasta 2004 (etapa inicial, n = 54) hubo un 72% de pacientes sintomáticos con indicación de revascularización; en esta etapa no se utilizó sistema de protección cerebral. En la etapa más contemporánea (2004-2010, n = 171), sólo el 17,5% fueron sintomáticos y el uso de sistema de protección cerebral fue sistemático. Se observó una tasa similar de éxito angiográfico en las dos etapas (inicial 96% vs. contemporánea 97%), en tanto que la tasa de éxito clínico de la etapa contemporánea fue superior a la obtenida en la etapa inicial (96,1% vs. 87%; p = 0,016). No se observaron complicaciones cardiológicas. La tasa de muerte o ACV intrahospitalario fue del 4%, del 4,3% (3/70) en los sintomáticos y del 3,2% (5/155) en los asintomáticos; esta tasa fue mayor en la etapa inicial que en la contemporánea 11,1% (6/54) vs. 1,7% (2/171); p = 0,0028. Conclusión La ATP representa una alternativa terapéutica de aceptable seguridad, siempre que sea realizada por operadores experimentados.(AU)
Learning curve during percutaneous treatment of carotid lesions Background Percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty (PTCA) with stent implantation is an effective procedure for the prevention of ischemic stroke (IS) but its periprocedural morbimortality is still subject to debate. Objective The aim of this study is to report the results of a prospective series of patients treated with PTCA. Methods This is a descriptive, observational, prospective study using the database of three Hemodynamic centers in Buenos Aires, which included all patients submitted to PTCA from January 1998 to December 2010. The results of PTCA performed by the same operator were analyzed. Results Mean age was 69 years, 58% of the patients were men, 58.8% were smokers, 52% had dyslipidemia, 79.1% were hypertensive, and 28% had diabetes. Prior history of acute myocardial infarction and coronary surgery was present in 19.4 and 11.6% of the patients, respectively. From 1998 to 2004 (initial stage, n=54) 72% of symptomatic patients had indication of revascularization, which was performed without cerebral protection in all cases. During the most recent stage (2004-2010, n=171), only 17.5% of the patients were symptomatic and revascularization was performed systematically with cerebral protection. Similar angiographic success was obtained in both stages (initial 96% vs. recent 97%), whereas clinical success rate was greater in the recent phase (96.1% vs. 87%, p=0.016). There were no cardiac complications. The death rate or intrahospital stroke was 4%, 4.3% (3/70) in symptomatic and 3.2% (5/155) in asymptomatic patients; moreover, this rate was higher in the initial than in the recent phase (11.1% 6/54 vs. 1.7% 2/171, p=0.0028). Conclusions PTCA represents an acceptably safe therapeutic alternative to surgical revascularization, providing the procedure is performed by experienced operators.(AU)