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The relationship between metabolic disorders and oxidative stress is still controversial in the child population. The present cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between obesity, cardiometabolic traits, serum level of carbonylated proteins (CPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in children from Mexico City (normal weight: 120; obesity: 81). Obesity resulted in being positively associated with CAT (ß = 0.05 ± 0.01, p = 5.0 × 10-3) and GPx (ß = 0.13 ± 0.01, p = 3.7 × 10-19) enzyme activity. A significant interaction between obesity and sex was observed in MDA and SOD enzymatic activity (PMDA = 0.03; PSOD = 0.04). The associations between obesity, MDA level, and SOD enzyme activity were only significant in boys (boys: PMDA = 3.0 × 10-3; PSOD = 7.0 × 10-3; girls: p ≥ 0.79). In both children with normal weight and those with obesity, CP levels were positively associated with SOD enzyme activity (PNormal-weight = 2.2 × 10-3; PObesity = 0.03). In conclusion, in Mexican children, obesity is positively associated with CAT and GPx enzyme activity, and its associations with MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity are sex-specific. Therefore, CP level is positively related to SOD enzyme activity independently of body weight.

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Oxidative stress (OS) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection may play an important role in COVID-19 complications. However, information on oxidative damage in pregnant women with COVID-19 is limited. Objective: We aimed to compare lipid and protein oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between pregnant women with severe and non-severe COVID-19. Methods: We studied a consecutive prospective cohort of patients admitted to the obstetrics emergency department. All women positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were included. Clinical data were collected and blood samples were obtained at hospital admission. Plasma OS markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonylated proteins (CP), and TAC; angiogenic markers, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF); and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) markers, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and angiotensin-II (ANG-II) were measured. Correlation between OS, angiogenic, and RAS was evaluated. Results: In total, 57 pregnant women with COVID-19 were included, 17 (28.9%) of which had severe COVID-19; there were 3 (5.30%) maternal deaths. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 had higher levels of carbonylated proteins (5782 pmol vs. 6651 pmol; p = 0.024) and total antioxidant capacity (40.1 pmol vs. 56.1 pmol; p = 0.001) than women with non-severe COVID-19. TAC was negatively correlated with ANG-II (p < 0.0001) and MDA levels (p < 0.0001) and positively with the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (p = 0.027). Conclusions: In pregnant women, severe COVID-19 is associated with an increase in protein oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity as a possible counterregulatory mechanism.

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Research on the morphophysiological behavior of forest seeds during germination with respect to climate change is scarce. To date, there have been no studies on the biochemical or morphological aspects of Ormosia spp. In this study, we subjected Ormosia coarctata seeds to various temperature conditions to investigate temperature-dependent impacts on morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant systems, and storage systems. Analyses were performed on seeds exposed to 25, 35, and 40 °C for 48, 96, and 144 h. The morphology was evaluated by radiation using a Faxitron MX-20 device. ROS production (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide), malonaldehyde (MDA), carbonylated proteins, antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD], ascorbate peroxidase [APX], catalase [CAT], and peroxidase [POX]), ß-carotene, lycopene, glucose, and reserve enzyme activity (α- and ß-amylase, lipase, and protease) were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Heat stress (40 °C) decreased germination by 76.2% and 78.1% (compared to 25 and 35 °C, respectively), caused damage to the external morphology of the seed, increased the content of ROS, MDA, and carbonylated proteins, and reduced APX, CAT, and POX activity. Furthermore, heat stress decreased glucose content and α-amylase activity. These results suggest that an increase of 5 °C in temperature negatively affects germination, promotes oxidative stress, and induces deterioration in O. coarctata seeds.

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Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de proteínas carboniladas y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT) en fluido crevicular gingival (FCG) de pacientes con recién diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con periodontitis crónica (PC), sujetos con PC y sujetos con gingivitis (G). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en sujetos de ambos sexos (35-55 años). Se formaron tres grupos: DM2+PC, PC y G. Se incluyeron sujetos con ≤ 1.6 años de DM2 con PC. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y periodontales. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo (OxS) se determinaron por colorimetría y se cuantificaron por espectrofotometría. Se utilizó ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis para observar diferencias entre los grupos y se analizaron las correlaciones con Pearson/Spearman. Resultados: El grupo DM2 + PC mostró un incremento significativo en la edad, índice de masa corporal y glucosa en comparación con los grupos PC y G. La profundidad de la bolsa (PD), pérdida de inserción, sangrado e índice gingival fueron mayores en el grupo DM2 + PC versus grupos PC y G (p < 0.001). No se encontró diferencia entre los grupos en CAT. El grupo DM2 + PC mostró mayor concentración de proteínas carboniladas versus grupo G (p = 0.03). PD correlacionó directamente con LDL en el grupo DM2 + PC (p = 0.04). Conclusión: Las proteínas carboniladas en el grupo DM2 + PC presentaron una diferencia significativa, indicando el daño oxidativo sinérgico de ambas patologías. La concentración de CAT tiende a elevarse en el grupo DM2 + PC, probablemente como un mecanismo compensatorio en busca del restablecimiento de homeostasis (AU)

Objective: To compare the concentrations of carbonylated proteins and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with chronic periodontitis (CP), subjects with CP and subjects with gingivitis (G). Material and methods: Cross-sectional study in subjects of both sexes (35-55 years). Three groups were formed: DM2 + CP, CP and G. Subjects with ≤ 1.6 years of DM2 with CP were included. Clinical and periodontal parameters were evaluated. OxS markers were determined by colorimetry and quantified by spectrophotometry. ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis was used to observe differences between the groups and the correlations were analyzed with Pearson/Spearman tests. Results: The DM2 + CP group showed a significant increase in age, body mass index and glucose in comparison with groups CP and G. The depth of the pocket (DP), insertion loss, bleeding and gingival index were higher in the group DM2 + CP versus groups CP and G (p < 0.001). No difference was found between the groups in TAC. The DM2 + CP group showed a higher concentration of carbonylated proteins versus group G (p = 0.03). DP correlated directly with LDL in the DM2 + CP group (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The carbonylated proteins in the DM2 + CP group showed a significant difference, indicating the synergistic oxidative damage of both pathologies. The concentration of TAC tends to rise in the DM2 + CP group, probably as a compensatory mechanism in search of the restoration of homeostasis (AU)

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Studies dealing with the response of microorganisms to oxidative stress require the dissolution of oxidant agents in an appropriate solvent. A commonly used medium is dimethyl sulfoxide, which has been considered as an innocuous polar solvent. However, we have observed significant differences between control, untreated cells and those receiving increasing amounts of the oxidant and hence increasing amounts of DMSO, to the maximum allowed of 1%. Here we show that, while this solvent does not influence yeast cell viability, it does affect expression of cell wall proteins as well as catalase activity. Therefore, its use in future studies of oxidative stress as an innocuous solvent should be reconsidered.

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