RESUMO
Introdução: coincidente com distanciamento da família e interação com novos grupos sociais, a etapa da universidade traz oportunidades para incremento da autonomia frente às tarefas da vida adulta. A literatura aponta dificuldades psicológicas ocorrendo nos primeiros anos universitários, que podem se refletir negativamente no desempenho acadêmico. Objetivo: verificar condições psicológicas de universitários do primeiro ano com respeito a funcionamento adaptativo, problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes e envolvimento acadêmico. Método: participaram da pesquisa 50 alunos de primeiro ano de um curso de bacharelado interdisciplinar, de uma universidade pública. Foram utilizados o Adult Self-Report e a Escala de Envolvimento Acadêmico. A aplicação dos instrumentos ocorreu coletivamente, em salas de aula, nos meses de maio e setembro de 2018. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e tratados de forma descritiva e inferencial, pela variável sexo. Resultados: médias dos escores de problemas internalizantes foram indicadas em faixas limítrofe/clínicas, nos homens e nas mulheres avaliados. Encontrada correlação positiva moderada entre envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias e funcionamento adaptativo; e correlação negativa moderada entre problemas externalizantes e envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias. Discussão: problemas internalizantes nos homens investigados (em nível semelhante aos das estudantes) não são comumente reportados na literatura concernente,carecendo demais investigações.(AU)
Introduction: the years at university, wich often coincid with distancing from the family, end up becoming interaction with new social groups, college stage brings opportunities to increase autonomy in relation to the tasks of adult life. Literature points out psychological difficulties that occur in the first university years, which may reflect negatively on academic performance. Objective: to verify psychological characteristics of first year undergraduate college students, with respect to adaptive functioning, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and academic involvement. Method: 50 first year students participated in the study from an interdisciplinary bachelor degree course from a public university. Adult Self-Report and Academic Involvement Scale were used. The instruments were applied in classrooms, collectively, in the months of May and September of 2018. Data was statisticaly treated in a descriptive and inferential manner, by gender variable. Results: mean scores of internalizing problems were indicated in borderline/clinical ranges among men and women in the sample. Moderate positive correlation was found between involvement in mandatory activities and adaptive functioning; and negative moderate correlation between externalizing problems and involvement in mandatory activities. Discussion: internalizing problems in the investigated men (similar to those of the female students) are not commonly reported in the literature, requiring further investigation.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ansiedade , Universidades , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Psicologia , Transtornos MentaisRESUMO
El presente estudio consistió en identificar las características psicológicas del rendimiento deportivo en atletas Runners de clubes pertenecientes a la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. El estudio fue de diseño no experimental-transversal de alcance descriptivo. Para recolectar los datos se aplicó el cuestionario de características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo (CPRD). La información que entregó el cuestionario CPRD, señala que los resultados fluctúan sobre los promedios esperados y que son considerados normales según el Baremo estándar: "CPRD" control estrés 80,00%, influencia de evaluación 85,00%, motivación 70,00%, autoconfianza 73,08%, influencia del entrenador 76,80%, habilidad para establecer objetivos 72,12%, cohesión social 86,30% y ansiedad previa competencia 48,32%. De acuerdo a los resultados, su rendimiento deportivo es satisfactorio. Dentro de las características psicológicas mencionadas, se pueden destacar; la ansiedad, atención, autoconfianza, motivación, estrés y cohesión social. Todas ellas son características que afectan Significativamente el rendimiento deportivo.
The following study consisted of identifying the psychological characteristics of the amateur runners belonging to the clubs of Concepcion Chile. The research was quantitative of non-experimental transversal of descriptive scope. To collect data a questionnaire, involving the psychological characteristics associated with sport performance (CPRD) was applied. The information obtained by the CPRD show that the results are in average of the expected results, and are considered normal according to standar scale: "CPRD" stress control 80,00%, influence of evaluation 85,00%, motivation 70,00%, selfconfidence 73,08%, coach influence 76,80%, set goals 72,12%, social cohesion 86,30%, anxiety before competition 48,32%. According to these results, their sports performance is satisfactory. Alongside the psychological characteristics previously mentioned it could be highlighted anxiety, attention, selfconfidence, motivation, stress and social cohesion. These characteristics affect significantly sports performance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Corrida/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/psicologia , Atletas/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El optimismo y la competitividad se presentan como dos variables importantes a estudiar para comprender las características psicológicas asociadas al máximo rendimiento. La presente investigación se propone analizar las diferencias en optimismo y competitividad en función de: practicar deporte o no; el nivel competitivo; la categoría por edad, y el sexo. Para ello, se aplicaron los cuestionarios LOT-R en su versión en español (Otero, Luengo, Romero, Gómez & Castro, 1998) y Competitividad-10 (Remor, 2007) a una muestra de participantes constituida por 148 atletas (75 hombres y 73 mujeres) y 58 no deportistas (22 hombres y 36 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 17 años. En cuanto al rasgo optimismo, los resultados indican que los deportistas son más optimistas que los no deportistas, no se obtienen diferencias en función del nivel competitivo, los deportistas de alto rendimiento de mayor edad son más optimistas que los de menos edad y los hombres son más optimistas que las mujeres. En cuanto a la competitividad, los deportistas de alto rendimiento son más competitivos que los deportistas amateur. No se obtienen diferencias en función de la categoría por edad y los hombres son más competitivos que las mujeres. Se concluye que el optimismo se presenta como una variable asociada principalmente con la práctica deportiva, mientras que la competitividad discrimina el nivel competitivo de los deportistas.
Optimism and competitiveness are presented as two important variables to study in order to understand the psychological characteristics associated with the highest performance. This study attempts to analyze the differences in optimism and competitiveness in relation to: whether or not to sport practice, competitive level, age category, and sex. To do this, the Spanish version of LOT-R (Otero, Luengo, Romero, Gómez and Castro, 1998) and Competitivity-10 (Remor, 2007) questionnaires were applied to a sample of 148 athletes (75 men and 73 women) and 58 non-athletes (22 men and 36 women) with ages ranging from 14 to 17 years. As far as the optimism trait is concerned, the results indicate that athletes are more optimistic than non-athletes. There were no differences in relation to the competition level. The older high performance athletes were, the more optimistic they were compared to their younger counterparts, with males being more optimistic than females. With regard to competitiveness, high performance athletes are more competitive than amateur athletes. There were no differences in relation to age category, with males being more competitive than women. It is concluded that optimism is a construct mainly associated with the sport practice, while competitiveness discriminates athlete competitive level.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ligação Competitiva , Atletas , Otimismo , Adolescente , Desempenho AtléticoRESUMO
Se evalúan las orientaciones de meta en Educación Física de estudiantes mexicanos, así como las diferencias según sexo, edad, implicación en actividad físico-deportiva y nivel de práctica habitual. Se administró un cuestionario por autorreporte a 1.083 estudiantes mexicanos regiomontanos de secundaria (12-16 años; error ± 3 %, IC = 95.5 %), por muestreo polietápico estratificado por afijación proporcional y conglomerados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyó el modelo teórico hipotetizado de dos factores para TEOSQ-12EF, mostrando excelente bondad de ajuste del modelo original. Tanto chicos como chicas tienen, principalmente, una orientación a la tarea, estando los chicos más orientados al ego que las chicas. Según aumenta el nivel de actividad física, incrementa la orientación al ego y a la tarea.
Are assessed goal orientations in physical education of Mexican students and differences by sex, age, involvement in regular exercise and practice level? Self- administered questionnaire about habitual physical activity was administered in 1083 high school Mexican students (12/16 years; error ± 3%, CI = 95.5%) using a multistage sampling stratification by proportional affix and by conglomerates. Factor analysis confirmatory supported the hypothesized theoretical model of two factors for TEOSQ-12EF showing excellent goodness of fit of the original model. Both boys and girls have primarily a task orientation, with boys more ego-oriented than girls. With increasing levels of physical activity, increases task and ego orientations.
Assuntos
Educação Física e Treinamento , Estudantes , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: el suicidio se encuentra dentro de las diez primeras causas de defunción a escala mundial, por lo que plantea un problema sanitario de gran magnitud que requiere de todos los esfuerzos de las organizaciones de salud en diferentes latitudes, dirigidos a prevenir y controlar la conducta suicida. Objetivo: identificar las características de la personalidad de un grupo de suicida Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo retrospectivo. Se utilizó la versión del MAPI (Modelo de Autopsia Psicológica Integrado) validada para suicidas. El universo estuvo constituido por las personas fallecidas por suicidio en La Habana durante al año 2010, seleccionándose al menos dos familiares cercanos o personas que hubiesen conocido de manera íntima a cada occiso y que aportaran la información necesaria. Los datos de identidad de los fallecidos fueron tomados de los certificados de defunción registrados en el Departamento de Estadísticas de la Dirección Provincial de Salud de La Habana. Resultados: predominaron los sujetos masculinos (74,2 por ciento), los adultos mayores (39, 5 por ciento) de características, en al menos el 30 por ciento, como reservado, pero sociable, impulsivo, caprichoso y testarudo. Conclusiones: parte del perfil del suicida habanero del 2010 encontramos ser hombre, mayor de 65 años, reservado, impulsivo y caprichoso, ofreciendo como señales presuicidas las verbalizaciones suicidas, el cansancio de la vida y la deseperanza, y eligiendo como método para poner fin a su vida el ahorcamiento, seguido de la precipitación(AU)
Introduction: suicide is among the first ten death causes in the world, for what it must be regarded a sanitary problem of great magnitude that requires of all efforts of organizations of health in different latitudes, focussed to prevent and to control the suicidal behaviour. Objective: to identify characteristics of personality of a suicide group. Methods: it was carried out a quantitative retrospective study. The version of MPIA (Model of Psychological Integrated Autopsy) was used, which was validated in suicides. The universe was constituted by people who died by suicide in Havana during 2010, selecting at least two relatives or close people that has known intensely to each one of dead persons and that gave necessary information. The data of identities were taken from the register of death certificates in the Statistical Department of the Provincial Havana Health Direction.Results: predominated masculine subjects (74,2 percent), old adults (39,5 percent) whose characteristics in at least 30 percent were: reserved, little sociable, impulsive, capricious and stubborn. Conclusions: part of the havanan´s profile suicide in 2010 we found to be man, bigger than 65 years, reserved, impulsive and capricious, offering as signs of a future suicide: suicidal verbalizations, discomfort with the life, absence of expectation, and selecting like method to put an end to their life hanging up, followed by precipitation(AU)