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Exposure to heat stress (HS) detrimentally affects pig performance. This study explored whether a dietary phytogenic solution based on Capsicum spp. (PHY) could enhance the thermal tolerance of heat-stressed growing pigs. Forty-two individually housed pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: thermoneutral pigs on a control diet (TN-C) and pigs subjected to HS fed the control diet either without (HS-C) or with supplemental PHY (HS-PHY). The TN-C group exhibited increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) compared to both HS-C (p < 0.01) and HS-PHY pigs (p < 0.05) and better feed efficiency compared to HS-C pigs only (p < 0.01). However, the HS-PHY pigs showed significantly higher FI (p < 0.01) and ADG (p < 0.05) compared to HS-C pigs. HS pigs displayed higher body temperatures (BTs) than TN pigs (p < 0.01), yet HS-PHY pigs experienced a lesser increase in BT compared to HS-C pigs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with PHY mitigated some effects of HS, increasing serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, reducing HSP90 expression in longissimus dorsi muscle, and elevating jejunal villus height compared to HS-C pigs (p < 0.05), reaching levels akin to TN-C pigs. Additionally, PHY supplementation resulted in lower serum urea levels than HS-C pigs (p < 0.01) and similar myosin gene expression to TN-C pigs (p > 0.1), suggesting enhanced amino acid post-absorptive utilization for lean tissue growth. In conclusion, dietary PHY supplementation partially offset the adverse effects of HS on pig performance by improving thermal tolerance.

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BACKGROUND: Genomewide prediction estimates the genomic breeding values of selection candidates which can be utilized for population improvement and cultivar development. Ridge regression and deep learning-based selection models were implemented for yield and agronomic traits of 204 chile pepper genotypes evaluated in multi-environment trials in New Mexico, USA. RESULTS: Accuracy of prediction differed across different models under ten-fold cross-validations, where high prediction accuracy was observed for highly heritable traits such as plant height and plant width. No model was superior across traits using 14,922 SNP markers for genomewide selection. Bayesian ridge regression had the highest average accuracy for first pod date (0.77) and total yield per plant (0.33). Multilayer perceptron (MLP) was the most superior for flowering time (0.76) and plant height (0.73), whereas the genomic BLUP model had the highest accuracy for plant width (0.62). Using a subset of 7,690 SNP loci resulting from grouping markers based on linkage disequilibrium coefficients resulted in improved accuracy for first pod date, ten pod weight, and total yield per plant, even under a relatively small training population size for MLP and random forest models. Genomic and ridge regression BLUP models were sufficient for optimal prediction accuracies for small training population size. Combining phenotypic selection and genomewide selection resulted in improved selection response for yield-related traits, indicating that integrated approaches can result in improved gains achieved through selection. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy values for ridge regression and deep learning prediction models demonstrate the potential of implementing genomewide selection for genetic improvement in chile pepper breeding programs. Ultimately, a large training data is relevant for improved genomic selection accuracy for the deep learning models.

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BACKGROUND: Chile peppers (Capsicum spp.) are among the most important horticultural crops in the world due to their number of uses. They are considered a major cultural and economic crop in the state of New Mexico in the United States. Evaluating genetic diversity in current New Mexican germplasm would facilitate genetic improvement for different traits. This study assessed genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among 165 chile pepper genotypes using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). RESULTS: A GBS approach identified 66,750 high-quality SNP markers with known map positions distributed across the 12 chromosomes of Capsicum. Principal components analysis revealed four distinct clusters based on species. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis among New Mexico State University (NMSU) chile pepper cultivars showed two main clusters, where the C. annuum genotypes grouped together based on fruit or pod type. A Bayesian clustering approach for the Capsicum population inferred K = 2 as the optimal number of clusters, where the C. chinense and C. frutescens grouped in a single cluster. Analysis of molecular variance revealed majority of variation to be between the Capsicum species (76.08 %). Extensive LD decay (~ 5.59 Mb) across the whole Capsicum population was observed, demonstrating that a lower number of markers would be required for implementing genome wide association studies for different traits in New Mexican type chile peppers. Tajima's D values demonstrated positive selection, population bottleneck, and balancing selection for the New Mexico Capsicum population. Genetic diversity for the New Mexican chile peppers was relatively low, indicating the need to introduce new alleles in the breeding program to broaden the genetic base of current germplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic diversity among New Mexican chile peppers was evaluated using GBS-derived SNP markers and genetic relatedness on the species level was observed. Introducing novel alleles from other breeding programs or from wild species could help increase diversity in current germplasm. We present valuable information for future association mapping and genomic selection for different traits for New Mexican chile peppers for genetic improvement through marker-assisted breeding.

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A produção de mudas com altos padrões de qualidade requer substratos que disponibilizem características químicas e físicas propícias para tal finalidade. Com isso, o objetivou-se avaliar substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de pimentas e pimentões. Comparou-se os seguintes compostos: substrato comercial (Carolina Soil ®), areia lavada + casca de arroz carbonizada + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v/v), areia lavada + casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca (1:1:1 v/v/v), Carolina Soil®+ casca de arroz carbonizada + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v/v) e Carolina Soil® + casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca (1:1:1 v/v/v). Foram conduzidos dois experimentos simultaneamente, ambos realizados em delineamento de blocos com os tratamentos ao acaso. O primeiro em esquema fatorial cinco (substratos) x dois (cultivares de pimenta), com quatro repetições; e o segundo experimento em esquema fatorial cinco (substratos) x três (cultivares de pimentão), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas o índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem de emergência, altura de parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas e massas frescas e secas da parte aérea, raiz e total. Com base nas características avaliadas, o substrato comercial Carolina Soil® foi o mais adequado para a produção de mudas de pimenta e pimentão . Como substrato alternativo, recomenda-se o substrato composto por substrato comercial + casca de arroz + esterco bovino.

The seedlings production with high quality standards requires substrates that provide chemical and physical characteristics suitable for this purpose. Therefore, was evaluated alternative substrates in the production of seedlings of peppers and sweet peppers. For this purpose, the following compounds were compared: commercial substrate (Carolina Soil®), washed sand + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure (1:1:1 v/v/v), washed sand + carbonized rice straw + earthworm humus (1:1:1 v/v /v), Carolina Soil® + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure (1:1:1 v/v/v) and Carolina Soil® + carbonized rice straw + earthworm humus (1:1:1 v/v/v). Two experiments were carried out simultaneously, both performed in a randomized block design. The first one was carried out in factorial scheme 5 (substrates) x 2 (pepper cultivars), with four replications. The second experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme 5 (substrates) x 3 (sweet pepper cultivars), with four replications. The emergence speed index, emergency percentage, shoot height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh and dry masses of shoot, root and total were evaluated. Based on the evaluated characteristics, the commercial substrate Carolina Soil® was the most suitable for the production of pepper and sweet pepper seedlings. As an alternative substrate, the substrate composed of commercial substrate + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure is recommended.

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A produção de mudas com altos padrões de qualidade requer substratos que disponibilizem características químicas e físicas propícias para tal finalidade. Com isso, o objetivou-se avaliar substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de pimentas e pimentões. Comparou-se os seguintes compostos: substrato comercial (Carolina Soil ®), areia lavada + casca de arroz carbonizada + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v/v), areia lavada + casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca (1:1:1 v/v/v), Carolina Soil®+ casca de arroz carbonizada + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v/v) e Carolina Soil® + casca de arroz carbonizada + húmus de minhoca (1:1:1 v/v/v). Foram conduzidos dois experimentos simultaneamente, ambos realizados em delineamento de blocos com os tratamentos ao acaso. O primeiro em esquema fatorial cinco (substratos) x dois (cultivares de pimenta), com quatro repetições; e o segundo experimento em esquema fatorial cinco (substratos) x três (cultivares de pimentão), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas o índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem de emergência, altura de parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas e massas frescas e secas da parte aérea, raiz e total. Com base nas características avaliadas, o substrato comercial Carolina Soil® foi o mais adequado para a produção de mudas de pimenta e pimentão . Como substrato alternativo, recomenda-se o substrato composto por substrato comercial + casca de arroz + esterco bovino.(AU)

The seedlings production with high quality standards requires substrates that provide chemical and physical characteristics suitable for this purpose. Therefore, was evaluated alternative substrates in the production of seedlings of peppers and sweet peppers. For this purpose, the following compounds were compared: commercial substrate (Carolina Soil®), washed sand + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure (1:1:1 v/v/v), washed sand + carbonized rice straw + earthworm humus (1:1:1 v/v /v), Carolina Soil® + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure (1:1:1 v/v/v) and Carolina Soil® + carbonized rice straw + earthworm humus (1:1:1 v/v/v). Two experiments were carried out simultaneously, both performed in a randomized block design. The first one was carried out in factorial scheme 5 (substrates) x 2 (pepper cultivars), with four replications. The second experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme 5 (substrates) x 3 (sweet pepper cultivars), with four replications. The emergence speed index, emergency percentage, shoot height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh and dry masses of shoot, root and total were evaluated. Based on the evaluated characteristics, the commercial substrate Carolina Soil® was the most suitable for the production of pepper and sweet pepper seedlings. As an alternative substrate, the substrate composed of commercial substrate + carbonized rice straw + bovine manure is recommended.(AU)

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Approximately 90% of the chili peppers consumed in the world are harvested in Mexico. The present article describes the untargeted 1H NMR-based metabolomic profiling of 11 cultivars of Capsicum annuum species which are routinely consumed worldwide. The metabolomic fingerprinting detected via 1H NMR contained 44 metabolites including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenolic acids and alcohols which were identified by comparison with the literature data, with Chenomx database and by 2D NMR. Statistical approaches based on principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to classify the Capsicum annuum cultivars according to their metabolite profile. LDA revealed metabolomic differences and similarities among Capsicum annuum cultivars, whereas hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) significantly separated the cultivars according to the phylogenetic trees obtained. Substantial endogenous levels of free amino acids and carbohydrates were detected in all the studied cultivars but interestingly, Capsicum annuum cv. mirasol and C. annuum cv. chilaca contained almost three-fold more endogenous levels of vitamin C than the other cultivars. Considering that this antioxidant was found in crude aqueous extracts, its abundance could be directly proportional to its bioavailability for human nutrition. The results suggest that 1H NMR is an effective method to determine differences among cultivars of the Capsicum annuum species.

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Arqueologicamente datam-se os registros do consumo de pimentas há 9000 anos no território mexicano. No período entre 1500 e 2000, as sementes e os frutos das pimentas ficaram mais conhecidas e seu uso cresceu significativamente. Com o aumento rápido e progressivo de cepas microbianas resistentes a antibióticos e aditivos químicos, procura-se, na tecnologia de alimentos, o combate a deteriorantes alimentícios, a partir de extratos vegetais naturais utilizando- -se ações secundárias dos vegetais, como a operação antimicrobiana e, portanto, reduzindo o uso de aditivos químicos. Considerando o mencionado, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antibacteriana de extratos de algumas variedades de pimentas (Capsicum spp.): Trinidad Scorpion (P1), Baiana (P2), Cumari do Pará (P3), Habanero Vermelha (P4) e Habanero Chocolate (P5); e também dos mesmos vegetais combinados. Utilizou-se o método de difusão em gel de Ágar. As placas de Petri com meio de cultura Ágar Nutriente foram semeadas previamente com os seguintes micro-organismos: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Salmonella Enteritidis e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), posteriormente incubadas a 35°C por 24 e 48 horas. Halos de atividade antimicrobiana considerados significativos foram aqueles de diâmetro igual ou maior que 10 mm. Observou-se ação antibacteriana significativa sobre B. subtilis pela variedade Cumari do Pará (halo de 10 mm), pelas combinações P1+P2 (halo de 12 mm), P2+P3 (halo de 11 mm) e P2+P4 (halo de 10 mm); sobre S. aureus pela variedade Trinidad Scorpion (halo de 12 mm), combinações P1+P2 (halo de 11 mm), P1+P3 (halo de 10 mm), P2+P3 (halo de 10 mm), P2+P4 (halo de 12 mm) e P3+P4 (halo de 11 mm); sobre S. Typhimurium pela variedade Habanero Vermelha (halo de 13 mm), pelas combinações P1+P5 (halo de 10 mm) e P3+P5 (halo de 10 mm). Nenhuma variedade de pimenta ou combinação das mesmas exerceu ação significativa sobre S. Enteritidis. S. aureus foi inibida significativamente por um maior número de extratos.

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Germplasm classification by species requires specific knowledge on/of the culture of interest. Therefore, efforts aimed at automation of this process are necessary for the efficient management of collections. Automation of germplasm classification through artificial neural networks may be a viable and less laborious strategy. The aims of this study were to verify the classification potential of Capsicum accessions regarding/ the species based on morphological descriptors and artificial neural networks, and to establish the most important descriptors and the best network architecture for this purpose. Five hundred and sixty-four plants from 47 Brazilian Capsicum accessions were evaluated. Neural networks of multilayer perceptron type were used in order to automate the species identification through 17 morphological descriptors. Six network architectures were evaluated, and the number of neurons in the hidden layer ranged from 1 to 6. The relative importance of morphological descriptors in the classification process was established by Garson's method. Corolla color, corolla spot color, calyx annular constriction, fruit shape at pedicel attachment, and fruit color at mature stage were the most important descriptors. The network architecture with 6 neurons in the hidden layer is the most appropriate in this study. The possibility of classifying Capsicum plants regarding/ the species through artificial neural networks with 100 % accuracy was verified.

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Arqueologicamente datam-se os registros do consumo de pimentas há 9000 anos no território mexicano. No período entre 1500 e 2000, as sementes e os frutos das pimentas ficaram mais conhecidas e seu uso cresceu significativamente. Com o aumento rápido e progressivo de cepas microbianas resistentes a antibióticos e aditivos químicos, procura-se, na tecnologia de alimentos, o combate a deteriorantes alimentícios, a partir de extratos vegetais naturais utilizando-se ações secundárias dos vegetais, como a operação antimicrobiana e, portanto, reduzindo o uso de aditivos químicos. Considerando o mencionado, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antibacteriana de extratos de algumas variedades de pimentas (Capsicum spp.): Trinidad Scorpion (Pl), Baiana (P2), Cumari do Pará (P3), Habanero Vermelha (P4) e Habanero Chocolate (P5); e também dos mesmos vegetais combinados. Utilizou-se o método de difusão em gel de Ágar. As placas de Petri com meio de cultura Ágar Nutriente foram semeadas previamente com os seguintes micro-organismos: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Salmonella Enteritidis e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), posteriormente incubadas a 35°C por 24 e 48 horas. Halos de atividade antimicrobiana considerados significativos foram aqueles de diâmetro igualou maior que 10 mm. Observou-se ação antibacteriana significativa sobre B. subtilis pela variedade Cumari do Pará (halo de 10 mm), pelas combinações P1+P2 (halo de 12 mm), P2+P3 (halo de 11 mm) e P2+P4 (halo de 10 mm); sobre S. aureus pela variedade Trinidad Scorpion (halo de 12 mm), combinações P1+P2 (halo de 11 mm), P1+P3 (halo de 10 mm), P2+P3 (halo de 10 mm), P2+P4 (halo de 12 mm) e P3+P4 (halo de 11 mm); sobre S. Typhimurium pela variedade Habanero Vermelha (halo de 13 mm), pelas combinações P1 +P5 (halo de 10 mm) e P3+P5 (halo de 10 mm). Nenhuma variedade de pimenta ou combinação das mesmas exerceu ação significativa sobre S. E [...](AU)

Archaeologically it is dated back to the records the consumption of peppers, 9,000 years ago in Mexico land. In mid-1500 up to 2000 the seeds and fruits of peppers were better known and their use had grown up significantly. With the rapid and progressive increase in resistant microbial strains, looking in food technology combat spoilage of food from vegetable and natural extracts using secondary actions of the plant and thus reducing the use of chemical additives. Considering the above, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of some varieties of peppers (Capsicum spp.): Trinidad Scorpion (P1), Baiana (P2), Cumari of Pará (P3), Red Habanero (P4) and Chocolate Habanero (P5); and also combinations of the same plants. It was used the diffusion method in Agar gel. Petri dishes with the appropriate culture medium were previously seeded with the following micro-organisms: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), then incubated at 35º C for 24 to 48 hours. Halos considered of significant antimicrobial activity were those in diameter equal to or greater than 10 mm. A significant bactericidal effect on B. subtilis by Cumari of Pará (10 mm halo), the combinations P1 + P2 (12 mm halo), P2 + P3 (halo 11mm) and P2 + P4 (halo 10 mm); S. aureus by Trinidad Scorpion (12 mm halo), the combinations P1 + P2 (11 mm halo) P1 + P3 (10 mm halo), P2 + P3 (10 mm halo), P2 + P4 (12 mm halo) and P3 + P4 (11 mm halo); S. Typhimurium by Red Habanero (13 mm halo), P1 + P5 (10 mm halo), P3 + P5 (10 mm halo). Any variety or combination showed significant action on S. Enteritidis. S. aureus was significantly inhibited by more extracts.(AU)

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Germplasm classification by species requires specific knowledge on/of the culture of interest. Therefore, efforts aimed at automation of this process are necessary for the efficient management of collections. Automation of germplasm classification through artificial neural networks may be a viable and less laborious strategy. The aims of this study were to verify the classification potential of Capsicum accessions regarding/ the species based on morphological descriptors and artificial neural networks, and to establish the most important descriptors and the best network architecture for this purpose. Five hundred and sixty-four plants from 47 Brazilian Capsicum accessions were evaluated. Neural networks of multilayer perceptron type were used in order to automate the species identification through 17 morphological descriptors. Six network architectures were evaluated, and the number of neurons in the hidden layer ranged from 1 to 6. The relative importance of morphological descriptors in the classification process was established by Garson's method. Corolla color, corolla spot color, calyx annular constriction, fruit shape at pedicel attachment, and fruit color at mature stage were the most important descriptors. The network architecture with 6 neurons in the hidden layer is the most appropriate in this study. The possibility of classifying Capsicum plants regarding/ the species through artificial neural networks with 100 % accuracy was verified.(AU)

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The objective was to evaluate the genetic variability among pepper accessions al the physical and chemical characteristics of fruit. Pepper accesses are from the Germplasm Bank at the Federal University of Uberlandia - Monte Carmelo Campus (Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Campus Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil). The experiment was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 at UFU's Experimental Station on the Monte Carmelo campus, MG, Brazil. The statistical design consisted of randomized blocks with 47 treatments and four replications. Multivariate analyzes were performed for quantitative traits in 47 pepper access by principal component analysis. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test ( = 0.05). Mature fruits were collected 120 days after transplant and used to determine titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (SS), pH and SS/TA. There was genetic variability among accessions. The 47 accessions showed high soluble solids content of 9.08 ° Brix, acidity of 0.22, pH of 5.50 and an SS/TA ratio of 33.8. This last characteristic is of great importance in the food processing industry. UFU accession 28 has high levels of SS and TA and is therefore a candidate for Pepper breeding programs that target the needs of the food processing industry.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de pimenta para características físico-químico de fruto. Os acessos de pimenta utilizados são provenientes do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. O experimento foi conduzido entre novembro de 2013 a março de 2014, na Estação Experimental de Hortaliças da UFU, campus Monte Carmelo. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com 47 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foi realizada análise multivariada para caracteres quantitativos utilizando análise de componentes principais. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott ( = 0,05). Frutos maduros foram colhidos 120 dias após o transplante e utilizados para determinar a acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH e relação SS / AT. Houve variabilidade genética entre os acessos. Os 47 acessos apresentaram alto teor de sólidos solúveis de 9,08 ° Brix, acidez de 0,22, pH de 5,50 e uma relação SS / AT de 33,8. Esta última característica é de grande importância na indústria de processamento de alimentos. O acesso UFU 28 revelou níveis elevados de SS e AT se destacando entre os demais. Os acessos que destacaram são promissores para fomentar futuros programas de melhoramento genético de pimenta com boas características para indústria de processamento.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial ornamental de dez acessos de pimenta Capsicum spp. procedentes da Coleção de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Fitotecnia, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, no município de Teresina, Piauí, obedecendo ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Na caracterização morfoagronômica dos acessos, conforme orientação do Bioversity International, utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores qualitativos e quantitativos para o gênero Capsicum: forma da folha, hábito de crescimento da planta, antocianina no nó da planta, posição da flor, cor da corola, cor do fruto no estado intermediário e maduro, forma do fruto, forma do ápice do fruto, textura da epiderme do fruto, comprimento do fruto, comprimento do pedicelo, persistência do fruto maduro e altura da planta. Dentre os dez acessos avaliados, sete foram considerados com potencial ornamental: CGC-06 (C. chinense), CGC-07 (C. chinense), CGC-11 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-23 (C. chinense), CGC-36 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-59 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) e CGC-67 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). O CGC 11 apresentou estética mais harmoniosa, com flores eretas, as quais são de fácil percepção; frutos eretos e vistosos e folhas de formato lanceolado.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for ornamental use of ten Capsicum spp. accessions from Germplasm Collection of Federal University of Piauí, Brazil The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Science, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, in Teresina City, Piauí State, according to the completely randomized design, with three replications. In the morphoagronomic characterization of pepper accessions, according to Bioversity International, the following qualitative and quantitative descriptors for the Capsicum genus were used: leaf shape, plant growth habit, anthocyanin node of the plant, flower position, color of the corolla, fruit color and mature in the intermediate state, fruit shape, fruit shape of apex of the texture of the fruit skin , fruit length, length of pedicel, persistence of ripe fruit and plant height. Among the ten accessions, seven were considered with ornamental potential: CGC-06 (C. chinense), CGC-07 (C. chinense), CGC-11 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-23 (C. chinense), CGC-36 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-59 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and CGC-67 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). The CGC 11 was the more harmonious aesthetic accession, by presenting erect flowers , which are easy to read; erect and showy fruits and lanceolate leaves format.

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial ornamental de dez acessos de pimenta Capsicum spp. procedentes da Coleção de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Fitotecnia, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, no município de Teresina, Piauí, obedecendo ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Na caracterização morfoagronômica dos acessos, conforme orientação do Bioversity International, utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores qualitativos e quantitativos para o gênero Capsicum: forma da folha, hábito de crescimento da planta, antocianina no nó da planta, posição da flor, cor da corola, cor do fruto no estado intermediário e maduro, forma do fruto, forma do ápice do fruto, textura da epiderme do fruto, comprimento do fruto, comprimento do pedicelo, persistência do fruto maduro e altura da planta. Dentre os dez acessos avaliados, sete foram considerados com potencial ornamental: CGC-06 (C. chinense), CGC-07 (C. chinense), CGC-11 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-23 (C. chinense), CGC-36 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-59 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) e CGC-67 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). O CGC 11 apresentou estética mais harmoniosa, com flores eretas, as quais são de fácil percepção; frutos eretos e vistosos e folhas de formato lanceolado.(AU)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for ornamental use of ten Capsicum spp. accessions from Germplasm Collection of Federal University of Piauí, Brazil The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Science, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, in Teresina City, Piauí State, according to the completely randomized design, with three replications. In the morphoagronomic characterization of pepper accessions, according to Bioversity International, the following qualitative and quantitative descriptors for the Capsicum genus were used: leaf shape, plant growth habit, anthocyanin node of the plant, flower position, color of the corolla, fruit color and mature in the intermediate state, fruit shape, fruit shape of apex of the texture of the fruit skin , fruit length, length of pedicel, persistence of ripe fruit and plant height. Among the ten accessions, seven were considered with ornamental potential: CGC-06 (C. chinense), CGC-07 (C. chinense), CGC-11 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-23 (C. chinense), CGC-36 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum), CGC-59 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and CGC-67 (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). The CGC 11 was the more harmonious aesthetic accession, by presenting erect flowers , which are easy to read; erect and showy fruits and lanceolate leaves format.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A diversidade genética existente em coleções e bancos de germoplasma pode ser estimada por meio de diversos métodos, sendo que a escolha destes depende da disponibilidade dos recursos e da precisão desejada pelo pesquisador. Neste trabalho, marcadores RAPD e caracteres morfoagronômicos foram usados para estimar a divergência genética entre 52 acessos de Capsicum spp. Um total de 57 variáveis binárias geradas pela caracterização morfoagronômica e 84 bandas polimórficas obtidas a partir da análise por RAPD foram analisadas separadamente e em conjunto, permitindo a construção de três dendrogramas. Observou-se a formação de dois grupos principais, tanto na análise morfoagronômica e molecular separadamente, quanto na análise conjunta dos dados. O agrupamento dos acessos pela análise conjunta seguiu o mesmo padrão verificado para a análise molecular, que se constituiu em um grupo formado por acessos de C. baccatum e outro grupo formado pelos acessos de C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. annuum. Esse agrupamento segue a proposta vigente para a classificação de Capsicum spp. em complexos gênicos. A associação dos métodos permitiu uma melhor distinção entre os acessos, o agrupamento desses em nível de espécie e a conclusão de que não há duplicatas na coleção, demonstrando a importância do uso de diferentes técnicas na caracterização de um banco de germoplasma.

The genetic diversity within collections and banks of germplasm can be estimated by different methods and their choice is dependent of the available resources and the desired precision from the researcher. In the present work, RAPD markers and morph-agronomic traits were used to estimate the genetic divergence among 52 Capsicum spp. accessions. Fifty-seven binary variables from morph-agronomic characterization and 84 polymorphic markers from RAPD analysis were both separately and jointly evaluated and three dendrograms were generated. Two major groups were formed in all analyses. The clusters from the joint analysis were similar to the ones from molecular analysis. One group was formed with only C. baccatum accessions and the other one with C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. annuum accessions. These results were in agreement with the gene pool complexes proposal. The association of these methods allowed a better distinction among the accessions, a cluster formation at species level and a conclusion that there is no duplicates in the collection, showing how important is the use of different methods to characterize a germplasm bank.

RESUMO

The genetic diversity within collections and banks of germplasm can be estimated by different methods and their choice is dependent of the available resources and the desired precision from the researcher. In the present work, RAPD markers and morph-agronomic traits were used to estimate the genetic divergence among 52 Capsicum spp. accessions. Fifty-seven binary variables from morph-agronomic characterization and 84 polymorphic markers from RAPD analysis were both separately and jointly evaluated and three dendrograms were generated. Two major groups were formed in all analyses. The clusters from the joint analysis were similar to the ones from molecular analysis. One group was formed with only C. baccatum accessions and the other one with C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. annuum accessions. These results were in agreement with the gene pool complexes proposal. The association of these methods allowed a better distinction among the accessions, a cluster formation at species level and a conclusion that there is no duplicates in the collection, showing how important is the use of different methods to characterize a germplasm bank.

A diversidade genética existente em coleções e bancos de germoplasma pode ser estimada por meio de diversos métodos, sendo que a escolha destes depende da disponibilidade dos recursos e da precisão desejada pelo pesquisador. Neste trabalho, marcadores RAPD e caracteres morfoagronômicos foram usados para estimar a divergência genética entre 52 acessos de Capsicum spp. Um total de 57 variáveis binárias geradas pela caracterização morfoagronômica e 84 bandas polimórficas obtidas a partir da análise por RAPD foram analisadas separadamente e em conjunto, permitindo a construção de três dendrogramas. Observou-se a formação de dois grupos principais, tanto na análise morfoagronômica e molecular separadamente, quanto na análise conjunta dos dados. O agrupamento dos acessos pela análise conjunta seguiu o mesmo padrão verificado para a análise molecular, que se constituiu em um grupo formado por acessos de C. baccatum e outro grupo formado pelos acessos de C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. annuum. Esse agrupamento segue a proposta vigente para a classificação de Capsicum spp. em complexos gênicos. A associação dos métodos permitiu uma melhor distinção entre os acessos, o agrupamento desses em nível de espécie e a conclusão de que não há duplicatas na coleção, demonstrando a importância do uso de diferentes técnicas na caracterização de um banco de germoplasma.

RESUMO

The genetic diversity within collections and banks of germplasm can be estimated by different methods and their choice is dependent of the available resources and the desired precision from the researcher. In the present work, RAPD markers and morph-agronomic traits were used to estimate the genetic divergence among 52 Capsicum spp. accessions. Fifty-seven binary variables from morph-agronomic characterization and 84 polymorphic markers from RAPD analysis were both separately and jointly evaluated and three dendrograms were generated. Two major groups were formed in all analyses. The clusters from the joint analysis were similar to the ones from molecular analysis. One group was formed with only C. baccatum accessions and the other one with C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. annuum accessions. These results were in agreement with the gene pool complexes proposal. The association of these methods allowed a better distinction among the accessions, a cluster formation at species level and a conclusion that there is no duplicates in the collection, showing how important is the use of different methods to characterize a germplasm bank.

A diversidade genética existente em coleções e bancos de germoplasma pode ser estimada por meio de diversos métodos, sendo que a escolha destes depende da disponibilidade dos recursos e da precisão desejada pelo pesquisador. Neste trabalho, marcadores RAPD e caracteres morfoagronômicos foram usados para estimar a divergência genética entre 52 acessos de Capsicum spp. Um total de 57 variáveis binárias geradas pela caracterização morfoagronômica e 84 bandas polimórficas obtidas a partir da análise por RAPD foram analisadas separadamente e em conjunto, permitindo a construção de três dendrogramas. Observou-se a formação de dois grupos principais, tanto na análise morfoagronômica e molecular separadamente, quanto na análise conjunta dos dados. O agrupamento dos acessos pela análise conjunta seguiu o mesmo padrão verificado para a análise molecular, que se constituiu em um grupo formado por acessos de C. baccatum e outro grupo formado pelos acessos de C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. annuum. Esse agrupamento segue a proposta vigente para a classificação de Capsicum spp. em complexos gênicos. A associação dos métodos permitiu uma melhor distinção entre os acessos, o agrupamento desses em nível de espécie e a conclusão de que não há duplicatas na coleção, demonstrando a importância do uso de diferentes técnicas na caracterização de um banco de germoplasma.

RESUMO

The genetic diversity within collections and banks of germplasm can be estimated by different methods and their choice is dependent of the available resources and the desired precision from the researcher. In the present work, RAPD markers and morph-agronomic traits were used to estimate the genetic divergence among 52 Capsicum spp. accessions. Fifty-seven binary variables from morph-agronomic characterization and 84 polymorphic markers from RAPD analysis were both separately and jointly evaluated and three dendrograms were generated. Two major groups were formed in all analyses. The clusters from the joint analysis were similar to the ones from molecular analysis. One group was formed with only C. baccatum accessions and the other one with C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. annuum accessions. These results were in agreement with the gene pool complexes proposal. The association of these methods allowed a better distinction among the accessions, a cluster formation at species level and a conclusion that there is no duplicates in the collection, showing how important is the use of different methods to characterize a germplasm bank.

A diversidade genética existente em coleções e bancos de germoplasma pode ser estimada por meio de diversos métodos, sendo que a escolha destes depende da disponibilidade dos recursos e da precisão desejada pelo pesquisador. Neste trabalho, marcadores RAPD e caracteres morfoagronômicos foram usados para estimar a divergência genética entre 52 acessos de Capsicum spp. Um total de 57 variáveis binárias geradas pela caracterização morfoagronômica e 84 bandas polimórficas obtidas a partir da análise por RAPD foram analisadas separadamente e em conjunto, permitindo a construção de três dendrogramas. Observou-se a formação de dois grupos principais, tanto na análise morfoagronômica e molecular separadamente, quanto na análise conjunta dos dados. O agrupamento dos acessos pela análise conjunta seguiu o mesmo padrão verificado para a análise molecular, que se constituiu em um grupo formado por acessos de C. baccatum e outro grupo formado pelos acessos de C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. annuum. Esse agrupamento segue a proposta vigente para a classificação de Capsicum spp. em complexos gênicos. A associação dos métodos permitiu uma melhor distinção entre os acessos, o agrupamento desses em nível de espécie e a conclusão de que não há duplicatas na coleção, demonstrando a importância do uso de diferentes técnicas na caracterização de um banco de germoplasma.