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BACKGROUND: The SpineST-01 system is an image-guided vertebrae cannulation training system. During task execution, the computer calculates performance-based metrics displaying different visual perspectives (lateral view, axial view, anteroposterior view) with the position of the instrument inside the vertebra. Finally, a report with the metrics is generated as performance feedback. METHODS: A training box holds a 3D printed spine section. The computer works with 2 orthogonally disposed cameras, tracking passive markers placed on the instrument. Eight metrics were proposed to evaluate the execution of the surgical task. A preliminary study with 25 participants divided into 3 groups (12 novices, 10 intermediates, and 3 expert) was conducted to determine the feasibility of the system and to evaluate and assess the performance differences of each group using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Mann-Whitney U analysis. In both analyses, a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: When comparing experts versus novices and all 3 groups, statistical analysis showed significant differences in 6 of the 8 metrics: axial angle error (°), lateral angle error (°), average speed (mm/second), progress between shots (mm), Time (seconds), and shots. The metrics that did not show any statistically significant difference were time between shots (seconds), and speed between shots (mm/second). Also, the average result comparison placed the experts as the best performance group. CONCLUSIONS: Initial testing of the SpineST-01 demonstrated potential for the system to practice image-guided cannulation tasks on lumbar vertebrae. Results showed objective differences between experts, intermediates, and novices in the proposed metrics, making this system a feasible option for developing basic navigation system skills without the risk of radiation exposure and objectively evaluating task performance.
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Competência Clínica , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Humanos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Estudo de Prova de Conceito , Parafusos Pediculares , Simulação por ComputadorRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative outcomes and early mortality of peripheral and central cannulation techniques in cardiac reoperations using propensity score matching analysis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, patients who underwent cardiac reoperations with median resternotomy were analyzed in terms of propensity score matching. Between November 2010 and September 2020, 257 patients underwent cardiac reoperations via central (Group 1) or peripheral (Group 2) cannulation. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance the influence of potential confounding factors to compare postoperative data and mortality rate. RESULTS: There were no significant differences when comparing the matched groups regarding early mortality (P=0.51), major cardiac injury (P=0.99), prolonged ventilation (P=0.16), and postoperative stroke (P=0.99). The development of acute renal failure (P=0.02) was statistically less frequent in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Performing cardiopulmonary bypass via peripheral cannulation increases acute renal failure in cardiac reoperations. In contrast, peripheral or central cannulation have similar early mortality rate in cardiac reoperations.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Cateterismo , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pontuação de Propensão , Resultado do Tratamento , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Real-time ultrasound (US)-guided venipuncture has become the standard of care due to its reduced complications and higher success rate. There are various techniques for US-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV); the transversal and longitudinal views are the most widely used. There is a less commonly used technique that combines the benefits of both methods. DISCUSSION: Two main techniques for central line US-guided cannulation of the IJV are based on the location of the probe relative to the vessel and are known as the transversal view and the longitudinal view. The transversal view may make it difficult to identify the tip of the needle as it enters the vein, and the longitudinal view may not allow for visualization of surrounding structures. A third and less commonly used technique, the short axis in-plan view, aims to combine the benefits of both previous methods. In this technique, the entire needle can be tracked in real time as it enters the IJV, while also providing visualization of surrounding structures. CONCLUSIONS: The short axis in-plane view technique for central venous line placements allows for real-time US-guided needle venipuncture with simultaneous visualization of surrounding structures.
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Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Humanos , Veias Jugulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative outcomes and early mortality of peripheral and central cannulation techniques in cardiac reoperations using propensity score matching analysis. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, patients who underwent cardiac reoperations with median resternotomy were analyzed in terms of propensity score matching. Between November 2010 and September 2020, 257 patients underwent cardiac reoperations via central (Group 1) or peripheral (Group 2) cannulation. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance the influence of potential confounding factors to compare postoperative data and mortality rate. Results: There were no significant differences when comparing the matched groups regarding early mortality (P=0.51), major cardiac injury (P=0.99), prolonged ventilation (P=0.16), and postoperative stroke (P=0.99). The development of acute renal failure (P=0.02) was statistically less frequent in Group 1. Conclusions: Performing cardiopulmonary bypass via peripheral cannulation increases acute renal failure in cardiac reoperations. In contrast, peripheral or central cannulation have similar early mortality rate in cardiac reoperations.
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ABSTRACT Background This paper aims to determine factors associated with difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) that are identifiable before procedures. Methods This is a nested case-control study within a historical cohort in adult patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from 2015-2019 in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Colombia. This study assessed the associations among variables that could be identified before or at the beginning of procedures and the probability of DBC. These associations were evaluated through a bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study used criteria for DBC defined by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Results A total of 498 ERCP performed in 376 patients were analyzed. Of all procedures, 144 (29%) fulfilled criteria for DBC. The multivariate analysis showed an association between DBC and the acute care hospital setting (OR:2.92; CI95% 1.70-5.01; P<0.001), redundant papilla (OR:7.26; CI95% 3.38-15.61; P<0.001), or peridiverticular papilla (OR:2.45; CI95% 1.38-4.36; P=0.002). No association was found between DBC and endoscopist's experience, bilirubin levels, or dilation of the biliary tract. Conclusion The DBC is a frequent event. Alterations in the papilla and ERCP performed in the acute care hospital setting are the principal factors associated with DBC. This information might be useful to predict DBC and establish healthcare and administrative strategies to reduce its implications.
RESUMO Contexto Este artigo tem como objetivo determinar fatores associados à dificuldade de canulação biliar que sejam identificáveis antes dos procedimentos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle dentro de uma coorte histórica em pacientes adultos submetidos a colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) de 2015 a 2019 no Hospital Universitário San Ignacio, em Bogotá, Colômbia. Avaliou-se as associações entre variáveis que poderiam ser identificadas antes ou no início dos procedimentos e a probabilidade de difícil canulação biliar (DCB). Essas associações foram avaliadas por meio de análise bivariada e multivariada. O estudo utilizou critérios para DCB definidos pela Sociedade Europeia de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal. Resultados Foram analisados 498 CPRE em 376 pacientes. De todos os procedimentos, 144 (29%) preencheram critérios para DCB. A análise multivariada mostrou associação entre a DCB e o ambiente hospitalar de atenção aguda (OR:2,92; CI 95% 1,70-5,01; P<0,001), papila redundante (OR:7,26; CI95% 3,38-15,61; P<0,001), ou papila peridiverticular (OR:2,45; CI95% 1,38-4,36; P=0,002). Não foi encontrada associação entre a DCB e a experiência do endoscopista, dos níveis de bilirrubina ou da dilatação do trato biliar. Conclusão A DCB é um evento frequente. Alterações na papila e CPRE realizadas no ambiente hospitalar de cuidados agudos são os principais fatores associados a DCB. Essas informações podem ser úteis para prever a DCB e estabelecer estratégias de saúde e administrativas para reduzir suas implicações.
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BACKGROUND: Endosurgery is a surgical subspecialty that has been widely used in production animals, because it enables good visualization of abdominal organs and the diagnosis and treatment of several conditions in a minimally invasive manner, while preserving the animal's well-being and causing a lower impact on animal production. Rumenostomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in ruminants. This procedure is used to allow access to the rumen for various purposes, especially nutritional and therapeutic studies, and it can be performed either in a conventional way or in a minimally invasive video-assisted manner. Another possibility of access to ruminants is through the rumenoscopy technique. The objective of this study is to describe a minimally invasive technique for rumenostomy using an endoscope, working on a bovine fetal corpse as an experimental model. RESULTS: The execution of the endoscopy-guided rumenostomy technique was simple and did not present major difficulties. The endoscope, its lighting and air pump, and the decubitus used provided a good anatomical visualization of the rumen, and it was possible to evaluate several regions of the organ. The mean duration of the procedure was 11.15 min. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic rumenostomy technique using anatomical pieces of calves was shown to be feasible. It was performed in a simple and efficient way, particularly regarding the premise of preserving the animal's well-being, due to its minimally invasive nature.
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Endoscopia , Feto , Rúmen , Animais , Bovinos , Endoscopia/veterinária , Rúmen/cirurgiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción y objetivos: los divertículos duodenales periampulares (DDP) son infrecuentes y su hallazgo es incidental. Además, se clasifican en tres tipos según Boix por la cercanía a la ampolla mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una descripción de nuestra experiencia con esta anomalía anatómica y demostrar la forma en que esto afecta la tasa de éxito técnica y terapéutica del procedimiento. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con recolección de datos de forma retrospectiva en un período de 5 años de pacientes con divertículos periampulares duodenales. Se evaluó el fracaso terapéutico, complicaciones y dificultad de canulación de la vía biliar. Resultados: se evaluó un total de 214 pacientes, con una relación mujer-hombre de 2,15:1. La distribución de los sujetos por tipo de DDP fue: tipo 1 (29,9 %), tipo 2 (51,9 %) y tipo 3 (18,2 %). La indicación más frecuente de CPRE fue los cálculos del conducto biliar común en un 53,3 %. El DDP tipo 1 presentó mayor dificultad de canulación (11,6 %) y falla terapéutica (28,12 %). Conclusión: la presencia de DDP durante la CPRE se asocia con una mayor falla técnica (falla en la canulación) y falla terapéutica (persistencia de la obstrucción biliar). Además, estas fallas aumentan considerablemente cuando se trata de una papila intradiverticular tipo 1 de la clasificación según Boix. Por lo anterior, se sugiere que los procedimientos endoscópicos biliares en estas condiciones sean realizados por endoscopistas con gran experiencia con el fin de minimizar la probabilidad de falla técnica y terapéutica, y las complicaciones asociadas.
Abstract Introduction and objectives: Periampullary duodenal diverticula are infrequent, and their finding is incidental. They are classified into three types according to Boix due to their proximity to the larger blister. This study aims to describe the experience with this anatomical abnormality and to demonstrate how this affects the technical and therapeutic success rate of the procedure. Materials y Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with retrospective data collection over a 5-year period of patients with periampullary duodenal diverticula. Therapeutic failure, complications, and difficulty of cannulation of the bile duct were evaluated. Results: A total of 214 patients were evaluated, with a female-male ratio of 2.15: 1. The distribution of the subjects by type of PDD was: type 1 (29.9%), type 2 (51.9%), and type 3 (18.2%). The most frequent indication for ERCP was common bile duct stones in 53.3%. Type 1 PDD presented greater difficulty in cannulation (11.6%) and therapeutic failure (28.12%). Conclusion: The presence of PDD during ERCP is associated with greater technical failure (failure in cannulation) and therapeutic failure (persistence of biliary obstruction). In addition, this failures increases considerably when it is a type 1 intradiverticular papilla of the Boix classification. Therefore, it is suggested that biliary endoscopic procedures in these conditions are performed by highly experienced endoscopists to minimize the probability of technical and therapeutic failure and associated complications.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ampola Hepatopancreática , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Divertículo , Pacientes , Terapêutica , Ductos Biliares , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , MétodosRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: In-line positioning of an ultrasound image provides higher success rates and less time to completion for radial arterial cannulation. But preferable size and distance of ultrasound display has not been previously discussed. Objective: To assess the ideal visual distance and display size when using a smart phone or tablet as the ultrasound image display. Methods: Four smart phones or tablets were used as ultrasound displays in six different configurations in a simulated radial artery puncture. In a questionnaire, 116 anaesthesiologists working in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, were asked which of the six configurations was preferable for radial artery cannulation. Results: Sixty anaesthesiologists answered the questionnaire. About half (53%) preferred the smaller display (4- or 5.5-inch) fixed at a distance of 30 to 40 cm, and most of the rest (44%) preferred the larger display (7.9- or 9.7-inch) placed posterior to the probe with a visual distance of 45 to 60 cm. Conclusions: Among the anaesthesiologists, the preferable size and visual distance for ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation varied using a smart phone or tablet for in-line display.
Resumen Introducción: El posicionamiento en línea con una imagen ecográfica permite mayores tasas de éxito y reduce el tiempo para realizar la canalización de la arteria radial. Sin embargo, no se ha hablado sobre cuál es el tamaño y la distancia preferibles para la imagen en pantalla. Objetivo: Evaluar la distancia visual y el tamaño de la imagen en pantalla cuando se utiliza un teléfono inteligente o una tableta para visualizar la imagen ecográfica. Métodos: Se utilizaron cuatro teléfonos inteligentes o tabletas como pantalla para visualizar las imágenes ecográficas en seis configuraciones distintas, en una simulación de la canalización de la arteria radial. Mediante un cuestionario se preguntó a 116 anestesiólogos que trabajan para la Prefectura de Ibaraki, Japón, cuál de las seis configuraciones era preferible para la canalización de la arteria radial. Resultados: Sesenta anestesiólogos respondieron el cuestionario. Aproximadamente la mitad (53%) prefirieron la imagen más pequeña (4 o 5,5 pulgadas), fija a una distancia de 30 a 40 cm, y la mayoría de los otros (44%) prefirieron la imagen más grande (7,9- o 9,7 pulgadas), colocada en la parte posterior al transductor, con una distancia visual de 45 a 60 cm. Conclusiones: Entre los anestesiólogos, el tamaño preferido y la distancia visual para la canalización de la arteria radial guiada por ecografía, varió utilizando un teléfono inteligente o una tableta para su visualización en línea.
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Humanos , Cateterismo , Ultrassonografia , Artéria Radial , Anestesiologistas , Punções , Sonda de Prospecção , Smartphone , MétodosRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción : La canulación difícil en casos de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) podría asociarse a diversos factores incluyendo el tipo de papila mayor, sin embargo, existen datos limitados con respecto a esta posible asociación. Objetivos : Determinar la asociación entre el tipo de papila y la canulación biliar difícil. Materiales y métodos : Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal analítico en pacientes mayores de 18 años en quienes se realizó CPRE en papila virgen, de julio 2019 a abril 2021, en una institución privada. Se excluyeron las canulaciones frustras. La papila fue clasificada en base a la clasificación de Haraldsson. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada a posibles confusores entre el tipo de papila y canulación difícil. Se calcularon los riesgos relativo (RR) e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados : Se incluyeron 188 pacientes. La edad media fue 55 años, el 66% de sexo femenino. La indicación más frecuente fue coledocolitiasis con 88,5%. El tipo de papila duodenal mayor más frecuente fue el tipo 1 (32%), seguido de tipo 3 (27%), tipo 2 (25%) y tipo 4 (16%). Las papilas tipo 2, 3, 4 presentaron una relación significativa con canulación difícil comparadas con la tipo 1 (p<0,001, p<0,001 y p=0,008 respectivamente). La indicación diferente a coledocolitiasis también mostró una relación significativa con canulación difícil (p<0,001). En el análisis ajustado, El RR para canulación difícil en comparación con la papila tipo 1 fue: de 2,51 (IC 95% 1,23-5,94) para la papila tipo 2, 3,72 (IC 95% 1,79-7,71) para la papila tipo 3 y 3,41 (IC 95% 1,54-7,71) para la tipo 4. La indicación distinta a la coledocolitiasis también se asoció a un mayor riesgo de canulación difícil con un RR de 2.36 (IC95% 1,57-3,56). El precorte tipo fistulotomía fue usado con mayor frecuencia en la papila tipo 3 (46%) mientras que el uso de canulótomo fue más frecuente en la papila tipo 4 (29,6%). Conclusiones : Los tipos de papila 2, 3 y 4, están asociados a mayor riesgo de canulación difícil. Ello debe ser considerado al momento de realizar la CPRE a fin de reducir el riesgo de complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Introduction : Difficult cannulation in cases of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) could be associated with several factors, including: type of major papilla, however, there are limited data regarding this possible association. Objectives : To determine the association between the type of papilla and difficult biliary cannulation. Materials and methods : A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in patients over 18 years old who underwent ERCP on papilla naive, from July 2019 to April 2021, in a private institution. Unsuccessful cannulations were excluded. The papilla was classified based on Haraldsson classification. The crude association and adjusted for possible confounders between the type of papilla and difficult cannulation was evaluated. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results : 188 patients were included. The mean age was 55 years, 66% female. The most frequent indication was choledocholithiasis with 88.5%. The most frequent type of major duodenal papilla was type 1 (32%), followed by type 3 (27%), type 2 (25%) and type 4 (16%). Type 2, 3, 4 papillae showed a significant relationship with difficult cannulation compared to type 1 (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.008 respectively). The indication other than choledocholithiasis also showed a significant relationship with difficult cannulation (p<0.001). In the adjusted analysis, the RR for difficult cannulation compared to type 1 papilla was: 2.51 (95% CI 1.23-5.94) for type 2 papilla, 3.72 (95% CI 1.79-7.71) for papilla type 3 and 3.41 (95% CI 1.54-7.71) for type 4. The indication other than choledocholithiasis was also associated with a higher risk of difficult cannulation with a RR of 2.36 (95% CI 1.57-3.56). The fistulotomy type precut was used more frequently in the type 3 papilla (46%), while the use of cannula was more frequent in the type 4 papilla (29.6%). Conclusions : Papilla types 2, 3 and 4 are associated with a higher risk of difficult cannulation. This should be considered when performing ERCP in order to reduce the risk of complications.
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Resumen La fístula arteriovenosa nativa (FAVn) constituye el acceso ideal en los pacientes de hemodiálisis, sin embargo, necesita un periodo de maduración desde su construcción quirúrgica; en este periodo, que suele tardar más de 8 semanas, se expone a los pacientes a un tiempo mayor con catéteres. El presente artículo describe cuatro casos de canulación temprana (<3 semanas) que se llevaron a cabo con base en la experticia del personal de enfermería y algunos criterios ecográficos.
Abstract The native arteriovenous fistula (nAVF) is the ideal access in patients in hemodialysis, however, traditionally requires a period of maturation from its surgical construction that usually takes more than 8 weeks, exposing patients to a longer time with catheters; In this article, we describe 4 cases of early cannulation (<3 weeks) based on nursing staff expertise and ultrasound criteria.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Cateterismo , Fístula Arteriovenosa , Diálise Renal , Colômbia , Dispositivos de Acesso VascularRESUMO
Antecedentes: La canulación biliar difícil es un factor de riesgo para la pancreatitis post-CPRE. En estos casos el precorte es la técnica más usada. Objetivo: Demostrar que el precorte tipo fistulotomía es seguro y eficaz. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron los datos de mayo de 2016 a mayo de 2018. Se definió canulación difícil como: litiasis impactada, canulación inadvertida del conducto pancreático en tres ocasiones e incapacidad para lograr la canulación en 3 minutos. Las medidas de resultados fueron la canulación biliar exitosa y la pancreatitis post-CPRE. Resultados: Se realizó precorte tipo fistulotomía en 96 casos (67 mujeres, 29 hombres). La tasa de éxito de la canulación biliar fue del 95,8% (92/96). Ochenta pacientes tenían factores de riesgo para pancreatitis post CPRE: 29 tuvieron un solo factor de riesgo, 26 tuvieron dos, 19 tuvieron tres y 6 tuvieron cuatro. Factores de riesgo ampulares de canulación difícil: calculo impactado 9 casos, abultamiento de la papila en 10 casos, ubicación inferior del orificio papilar en 38 casos, localización parcial del poro papilar en 23 y estenosis del orificio papilar en 16 casos. Diez pacientes tuvieron divertículo periampular, 7 pacientes tuvieron conducto biliar normal. Ninguno de los pacientes experimentó pancreatitis. Tres pacientes tuvieron sangrado precoz, una paciente presento sangrado tardío. Un paciente (2%) tuvo fiebre y fue hospitalizado. Conclusiones: En casos de canulación biliar difícil el precorte tipo fistulotomía es seguro y eficaz.
Background: Difficult biliary cannulation is a risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis. In these cases, precutting is the most used technique. Objective: To demonstrate that precut fistulotomy is safe and effective. Materials and methods: Data from May 2016 to May 2018 were reviewed. Difficult cannulation was defined as: impacted lithiasis, inadvertent cannulation of the pancreatic duct on three occasions and inability to achieve deep biliary cannulation in 3 minutes. The outcome measures were successful biliary cannulation and post-ERCP Pancreatitis. Results: Precut fistulotomy was performed in 96 cases (67 women, 29 men). The success rate of biliary cannulation was 95.8% (92/96). Eighty patients had risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: 29 had 1 risk factor, 26 had 2 risk factors, 19 had 3 risk factors, and 6 had four risk factors. Ampullary risk factors of difficult cannulation: impacted stone in the papilla: 9 cases, papilla bulging: 10 cases, lower location of the hole papillary 38 cases, partial location of the papillary pore 23 and papillary orifice stenosis 16 cases. Ten patients had periampullary diverticulum, 7 patients had normal bile duct. None of the patients experienced Pancreatitis. Three patients had early bleeding, one patient had late bleeding. One patient (2%) had a fever and was hospitalized. Conclusions: In cases of difficult biliary cannulation, the precut fistulotomy is safe and effective.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pancreatite/prevenção & controle , Ampola Hepatopancreática/cirurgia , Cateterismo/métodos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efeitos adversos , Esfinterotomia Endoscópica/métodos , Ductos Pancreáticos , Pancreatite/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Ampola Hepatopancreática/diagnóstico por imagem , Ductos Biliares , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodosRESUMO
Resumen El acceso vascular en hemodiálisis constituye uno de los pilares de éxito del programa. Por tanto, los esfuerzos se deben encaminar a lograr en primera instancia el mayor número de accesos vasculares tipo fístulas Arteriovenosas, y en segundo lugar a disminuir las complicaciones relacionadas con la canulación del acceso para preservar funcionalmente el mismo. Se han descrito varias estrategias para mejorar este último aspecto; en el presente artículo se describe el uso del ultrasonido para mejorar la probabilidad de canulación exitosa en casos considerados como difíciles por parte del equipo de enfermería.
Abstract Vascular access in hemodialysis constitutes one of the pillars of the success of a program. Efforts should therefore be aimed at achieving, in the first instance, the greatest number of arteriovenous fistula vascular accesses, and secondly at decreasing the complications related to the cannulation of access to preserve the functionally thereof in the long term. Several strategies have been described to improve this last aspect; we describe case reports of the use of ultrasound to improve the probability of successful cannulation in situations considered difficult by the nursing team.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ultrassom , Fístula Arteriovenosa , Diálise Renal , Cateterismo , Colômbia , Insuficiência RenalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a virtual reality distraction for needle pain in 2 common hospital settings: the emergency department (ED) and outpatient pathology (ie, outpatient laboratory). The control was standard of care (SOC) practice. STUDY DESIGN: In 2 clinical trials, we randomized children aged 4-11 years undergoing venous needle procedures to virtual reality or SOC at 2 tertiary Australian hospitals. In the first study, we enrolled children in the ED requiring intravenous cannulation or venipuncture. In the second, we enrolled children in outpatient pathology requiring venipuncture. In the ED, 64 children were assigned to virtual reality and 59 to SOC. In pathology, 63 children were assigned to virtual reality and 68 to SOC; 2 children withdrew assent in the SOC arm, leaving 66. The primary endpoint was change from baseline pain between virtual reality and SOC on child-rated Faces Pain Scale-Revised. RESULTS: In the ED, there was no change in pain from baseline with SOC, whereas virtual reality produced a significant reduction in pain (between-group difference, -1.78; 95% CI, -3.24 to -0.317; P = .018). In pathology, both groups experienced an increase in pain from baseline, but this was significantly less in the virtual reality group (between-group difference, -1.39; 95% CI, -2.68 to -0.11; P = .034). Across both studies, 10 participants experienced minor adverse events, equally distributed between virtual reality/SOC; none required pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In children aged 4-11 years of age undergoing intravenous cannulation or venipuncture, virtual reality was efficacious in decreasing pain and was safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000285358p.
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Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Agulhas/efeitos adversos , Dor Processual/etiologia , Dor Processual/prevenção & controle , Flebotomia/efeitos adversos , Realidade Virtual , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the nursing practices related to peripheral venous catheter and to identify deviations related to the scientific evidence regarding the prevention of phlebitis. Method: qualitative study with data collection by means of participant observation techniques and semi-structured interviews, with 26 and 15 nurses, respectively, from a Portuguese hospital. Data content analysis was performed. Results: In the category "nursing actions", nursing practices related to: selection of catheter insertion site and its caliber size, evaluation of insertion site for signs of inflammation, insertion site dressing, disinfection of accessories, hand hygiene and patient participation in care emerged. There were situations of deviations in these practices in relation to scientific evidence. Conclusion: Nursing practices presented deviations in relation to scientific evidence, and were influenced by the size of the institution, patient characteristics, and lack of knowledge of nurses regarding certain actions that pose a risk to patient safety. The creation of protocols and the implementation of continuous education are fundamental for the acquisition of competencies by nurses, for correcting deviations and providing a safe quality nursing care to the patient.
RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las prácticas de enfermería relacionadas con el cateterismo venoso periférico e identificar desvíos relativos a las evidencias científicas en lo que se refiere a la prevención de flebitis. Método: estudio cualitativo con la recolección de datos a través de técnicas de observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas con 26 enfermeros y 15, respectivamente, de un hospital portugués. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de los datos. Resultados: en la categoría Acciones de enfermería, surgieron prácticas de enfermería relacionadas con: selección del lugar de inserción del catéter y su calibre, evaluación del lugar de inserción en cuanto a los signos inflamatorios, curativo en la inserción, desinfección de accesorios, higienización de las manos y participación del paciente en el cuidado. Se verificaron situaciones de desvíos en esas prácticas en relación a las evidencias científicas. Conclusión: las prácticas de enfermería presentaban desvíos a las evidencias científicas, siendo influenciadas por dimensiones institucionales, características de los enfermos, y desconocimiento de los enfermeros acerca de determinadas acciones que ponen en riesgo la seguridad del paciente. La elaboración de protocolos y la implementación de la Educación Continua son fundamentales para la adquisición de competencias por los enfermeros, para la corrección de las desviaciones y la prestación de una asistencia de enfermería segura y con calidade para el paciente.
RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as práticas de enfermagem relacionadas com o cateterismo venoso periférico e identificar desvios relativos às evidências científicas no que diz respeito à prevenção de flebite. Método: estudo qualitativo com coleta de dados através das técnicas de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, com 26 e 15 enfermeiros, respectivamente, de um hospital Português. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo dos dados. Resultados: na categoria Ações de enfermagem, emergiram práticas de enfermagem relacionadas com: seleção do local de inserção do cateter e seu calibre, avaliação do local de inserção quanto aos sinais inflamatórios, curativo na inserção, desinfecção de acessórios, higienização das mãos e participação do doente nos cuidados. Verificaram-se situações de desvios nessas práticas em relação às evidências científicas. Conclusão: as práticas de enfermagem apresentavam desvios em relação às evidências científicas, sendo influenciadas por dimensões institucionais, características dos doentes, e desconhecimento dos enfermeiros acerca de determinadas ações que colocam em risco a segurança do doente. A elaboração de protocolos e a implementação da Educação Continuada são fundamentais para a aquisição de competências pelos enfermeiros, para correção dos desvios e prestação de uma assistência de enfermagem segura e com qualidade para o doente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Flebite , Cateterismo Periférico , Enfermagem , Segurança do Paciente , Dispositivos de Acesso Vascular , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es la técnica de elección para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades biliopancreáticas. La canulación selectiva del conducto deseado (biliar o pancreático) es el punto clave inicial del objetivo terapéutico. Actualmente, la forma más utilizada para conseguir el acceso a la vía biliar, y que podemos denominar "técnica estándar", es la que emplea un esfinterótomo asociado con una guía hidrófila. Cuando dicha canulación estándar falla, existen diferentes alternativas que nos permitirán conseguir la canulación en un alto porcentaje de pacientes. En situaciones de canulación difícil, las técnicas de rescate a utilizar pueden estar condicionadas, entre otras, por el perfil de riesgo de complicaciones del paciente, por la experiencia o las preferencias del endoscopista y por haber conseguido o no previamente la canulación del conducto pancreático. Si se consiguió la canulación del conducto pancreático puede intentarse la técnica de doble guía, la esfinterotomía transpancreática y el precorte de aguja sobre prótesis pancreática. Si no se consiguió la canulación del conducto pancreático, probablemente la mejor opción sea una fistulotomía. Es conveniente conocer, en el contexto de una canulación difícil, cuándo hay que decidir la finalización de la prueba, principalmente si no existe una urgencia de drenaje de la vía biliar para el paciente. En estos casos debemos considerar repetir el procedimiento unos días más tarde. Si la urgencia del paciente es evidente, puede intentarse el acceso de la vía biliar asistido por técnicas alternativas.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the technique of choice in treating different biliopancreatic diseases. Selective cannulation of the desired duct (biliary or pancreatic) is the initial key point of the therapeutic goal. Currently, the most used method to obtain access to the bile duct is what we can call "standard technique", which uses the sphincterotome associated with a hydrophilic guide. When such standard cannulation fails, there are different alternatives that will allow us to achieve cannulation in a high percentage of patients. In situations of difficult cannulation the rescue techniques may be conditioned by the risk profile of the patient's complications, by the experience and/or preferences of the endoscopist, or by whether or not he has previously been able to cannulate the pancreatic duct. If cannulation of the pancreatic duct is achieved, the double guide technique, and needle precut on pancreatic prosthesis can be attempted. If cannulation of the pancreatic duct is not achieved, fistulotomy is probably the best option. In the case of a difficult cannulation, it is important to know when to decide the end of the test, especially if there is no urgency to drain the bile duct. In these cases we should consider repeating the procedure a few days later. If the patient's urgency is evident, access to the bile duct assisted by alternative techniques can be attempted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pancreatite , Cateterismo , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda , EsfincterotomiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia y seguridad de la técnica de doble guía en pacientes con canulación difícil durante una CPRE. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio se realizó, entre el mes de enero del 2015 y julio del 2016. Se procedió a sintetizar la data, de éxito y complicaciones de la TDG en pacientes con canulación difícil y cuando la inserción de la guía en el conducto pancreático fue hecha involuntariamente después de una técnica estándar. Resultados: 24 pacientes sometidos a una CPRE con TDG; 17 fueron mujeres (70,8%) y 7 varones (29,2%). La edad promedio fue 65,21±16,49 años. La indicación más frecuente fue coledocolitiasis en 62,5 %, luego colangiocarcinoma, 12,5 %. El diagnóstico final post CPRE, fue coledocolitiasis en 45,8%, seguido por fibrosis de papila, 29,2%. El éxito de la técnica de la doble guía fue de 87,5%. Hubo 3 casos de canulación frustra con la TDG, dos pacientes presentaron pancreatitis post CPRE (8,3%), no hubo casos de perforaciones. Conclusiones: La TDG es una alternativa eficaz a la CPRE catalogada como de canulación difícil por técnica convencional, sea cual fuere la etiología, con un alto porcentaje de éxito técnico y con una tasa baja de pancreatitis post CPRE, semejante a la reportada en otros países.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of double guidewire technique in patients with difficult biliary cannulation during ERCP. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ERCPs performed between January 2015 and July 2016. DGT was performed in patients for whom biliary cannulation was difficult and guidewire insertion into the pancreatic duct (PD) was inadvertently achieved while attempting the standard WGC technique. Results: 24 patients were enrolled with ERCP and DGT; 17 were female (70.8%) and 7 male (29.2%). The average age was 65.21±16.49 years. The most frequent indication was choledocholithiasis (62.5%), then cholangiocarcinoma (12.5%). Post ERCP diagnosis was choledocholithiasis (45.8%), and papillary fibrosis (29.2%). The success of DGT was 87.5%. Three cases of failure cannulation with the DGT were reported, two patients had pancreatitis post ERCP (8.3%), there were no cases of perforations. Conclusions: TDG, is an effective alternative to difficult biliary cannulation during ERCP with conventional methods; with a high success rate and low rate of post ERCP pancreatitis, similarly to reported in other countries.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cateterismo/métodos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Cateterismo/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/instrumentação , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
Abstract Background and objectives: Central venous catheterization of the internal jugular vein is a commonly performed invasive procedure associated with a significant morbidity and even mortality. Ultrasound-guided methods have shown to improve significantly the success of the technique and are recommended by various scientific societies, including the American Society of Anesthesiologists. The aim of this report is to describe an innovative ultrasound-guided central line placement of the internal jugular vein. Technique: The authors describe an innovative ultrasound-guided central line placement of the internal jugular vein based on an oblique approach - the "Syringe-Free" approach. This technique allows immediate progression of the guide wire in the venous lumen, while maintaining a real-time continuous ultrasound image. Conclusions: The described method adds to the traditional oblique technique the possibility of achieving a continuous real-time ultrasound-guided venipuncture and a guide wire insertion that does not need removing the probe from the puncture field, while having a single operator performing the whole procedure.
Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A cateterização venosa central da veia jugular interna é um procedimento invasivo feito frequentemente e associado a morbilidade significativa e até mesmo mortalidade. Os métodos guiados por ultrassonografia têm demonstrado uma melhoria do sucesso desse procedimento e são recomendados por várias sociedades científicas, incluindo a American Society of Anesthesiologists. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever uma abordagem inovadora de cateterização venosa central guiada por ultrassonografia no nível da veia jugular interna. Técnica: Os autores descrevem técnica ecoguiada inovadora de cateterização venosa central da veia jugular interna, baseada numa abordagem oblíqua - a abordagem Syringe-Free. Essa técnica permite uma progressão imediata do fio-guia ao longo do lúmen venoso e manter uma visualização ecográfica em tempo real e contínua. Conclusões: A técnica descrita acrescenta à técnica oblíqua tradicional a possibilidade de, com um único operador, conseguir uma punção venosa central com visualização ecográfica contínua e em tempo real associada à inserção do fio-guia sem necessidade de afastamento do transdutor de ultrassonografia do campo de punção.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Veias Jugulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
Exhaustion of superficial veins coupled with the presence of intrathoracic central venous occlusions remains a significant obstacle for hemodialysis access creation; complex arteriovenous graft (AVG) configurations have been described. The axillary-iliac AVG was first reported in 1987, and few authors have explored this access. We evaluated our experience with this AVG configuration utilizing the early cannulation (EC) graft Flixene™ (Atrium ™, Hudson, NH, USA). Eight patients (75 % men; mean age 37 ± 10 years) with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) underwent axillo-iliac AVG creation with Flixene™ grafts; all had exhausted peripheral veins, occluded thoracic central veins, and inadequate femoral veins. Inflow from the axillary artery and outflow in iliocaval system was assessed prior to access creation. An axillary-to-common iliac AVG was constructed using a 6 mm (mm) EC graft and tunneled in the chest and abdominal wall. Eight grafts were implanted; all were patent after placement. Seven (88 %) were successfully used for hemodialysis within 72 h and one (12 %) within 96. During the mean follow-up of 6 months, 5 (62 %) patients underwent thrombectomy, 1 (12 %) of them had balloon angioplasty at the vein anastomosis, and 2 (25 %) grafts were removed secondary to infection. The remaining grafts are still functioning. Complications as high-output heart failure, steal syndrome and venous hypertension were not observed. Construction of axillo-iliac AVG with EC grafts in the setting of exhausted veins, occluded intrathoracic central veins and hostile groins, is a viable arteriovenous access alternative while avoiding central venous catheters.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Prótese Vascular , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/métodos , Adulto , Cateterismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central venous catheterization of the internal jugular vein is a commonly performed invasive procedure associated with a significant morbidity and even mortality. Ultrasound-guided methods have shown to improve significantly the success of the technique and are recommended by various scientific societies, including the American Society of Anesthesiologists. The aim of this report is to describe an innovative ultrasound-guided central line placement of the internal jugular vein. TECHNIQUE: The authors describe an innovative ultrasound-guided central line placement of the internal jugular vein based on an oblique approach - the "Syringe-Free" approach. This technique allows immediate progression of the guide wire in the venous lumen, while maintaining a real-time continuous ultrasound image. CONCLUSIONS: The described method adds to the traditional oblique technique the possibility of achieving a continuous real-time ultrasound-guided venipuncture and a guide wire insertion that does not need removing the probe from the puncture field, while having a single operator performing the whole procedure.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Veias Jugulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been demonstrated that smoking increases pain perception; however the effect of smoking on perception of pain during venous cannulation is not known. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not smoking has an effect on pain perception due to peripheral venous cannulation. METHODS: 220 patients scheduled to have elective surgery were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups (Group S and C, n = 110 for each) according to their smoking habits. Numerical rating scale was introduced to the patients and then peripheral venous cannulation at the dorsum of the hand was made with a 20 G intracath. Pain perception of the patients was scored by subsequent numerical rating scale questioning. RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of the groups were identical. Numerical rating scale scores in Group S and C were 3.31 ± 1.56 and 1.65 ± 1.23, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Pain perception due to peripheral venous cannulation is higher in smokers. Future studies on pain treatment should consider the smoking habits of patients. .
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Sabe-se que o tabagismo aumenta a percepção de dor; porém, o efeito do tabagismo sobre a percepção da dor durante o cateterismo venoso não é conhecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o tabagismo tem ou não algum efeito sobre a percepção da dor durante a punção venosa periférica. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 220 pacientes agendados para cirurgia eletiva randomicamente alocados em dois grupos: Grupo S (n = 110) e Grupo C (n = 110), de acordo com seus hábitos tabagísticos. Os pacientes foram instruídos sobre o uso da escala numérica de classificação da dor e, em seguida, a punção venosa periférica foi feita no dorso da mão com um cateter de calibre 20G (Intracath(r)). A percepção de dor dos pacientes foi posteriormente registrada de acordo com os escores da escala numérica. RESULTADOS: As características demográficas dos grupos eram idênticas. Os escores da escala numérica de dor dos grupos S e C foram 3,31 ± 1,56 e 1,65 ± 1,23, respectivamente (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A percepção da dor por causa da punção venosa periférica é maior em fumantes. Estudos futuros sobre o tratamento da dor devem considerar os hábitos tabagísticos dos pacientes. .
JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Se sabe que el tabaquismo aumenta la percepción de dolor; sin embargo, el efecto del tabaquismo sobre la percepción del dolor durante el cateterismo venoso no se conoce. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el tabaquismo tiene o no algún efecto sobre la percepción del dolor durante la punción venosa periférica. MÉTODOS: Fueron incluidos en el estudio 220 pacientes programados para cirugía electiva aleatoriamente ubicados en 2 grupos: grupo S (n = 110) y grupo C (n = 110), de acuerdo con sus hábitos tabáquicos. A los pacientes se les informó sobre el uso de la escala numérica de clasificación del dolor y a continuación se realizó la punción venosa periférica en el dorso de la mano con un catéter de calibre 20 G (Intracath(r)). La percepción de dolor de los pacientes fue posteriormente registrada de acuerdo con las puntuaciones de la escala numérica. RESULTADOS: Las características demográficas de los grupos eran idénticas. Las puntuaciones de la escala numérica de dolor de los grupos S y C fueron 3,31 ± 1,56 y 1,65 ± 1,23 respectivamente (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: La percepción del dolor por punción venosa periférica es mayor en los fumadores. Estudios futuros sobre el tratamiento del dolor deben tener en cuenta los hábitos tabáquicos de los pacientes. .