RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La estenosis aórtica es la valvulopatía más común y requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. Las técnicas quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas han surgido como alternativas a la esternotomía media tradicional. Objetivo: Analizar los posibles factores de riesgo asociados a la hemorragia mayor a lo habitual en pacientes sometidos a cambio valvular aórtico por minitoracotomía anterior derecha, y compartir los resultados encontrados en nuestro centro. Materiales y método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo con pacientes operados por minitoracotomía anterior derecha entre julio de 2015 a diciembre de 2022. Se recopilaron datos demográficos y clínicos, así como información sobre las variables generales y quirúrgicas relevantes. Resultados: Se observó una edad media de 58 años en los pacientes estudiados, con una mayor presencia de hombres menores de 65 años. De los pacientes estudiados, solo 3 (4.47%) presentaron hemorragia mayor a lo habitual. Se encontró una asociación entre la edad avanzada y el tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (minutos) con hemorragia mayor a lo habitual. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que la incidencia de hemorragia mayor a lo habitual fue baja en la cirugía mínimamente invasiva realizada. La edad avanzada y el tiempo prolongado de circulación extracorpórea se identificaron como factores de riesgo significativos para hemorragia mayor a lo habitual. Sin embargo, se destaca la necesidad de realizar estudios con una muestra más amplia para comprender mejor estos factores y la seguridad de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva.
Abstract Introduction: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease requiring surgical treatment. Minimally invasive surgical techniques have emerged as alternatives to traditional median sternotomy. Objective: To analyze the possible risk factors associated with major bleeding in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement via right anterior mini-thoracotomy and to share the results found in our center. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, longitudinal study was conducted in patients undergoing right anterior mini-thoracotomy from July 2015 to December 2022. Demographic and clinical data, as well as relevant surgical and echocardiographic variables, were collected. Results: The mean age of the study population had a mean age of 58 years, with a predominance of men under 65 years of age. Only three patients experienced major bleeding 4.47%. Advanced age and extracorporeal circulation time (minutes) were associated with bleeding. No significant differences were found in other variables analyzed. Conclusions: The study results indicate a low rate of postoperative bleeding in minimally invasive surgery. Advanced age and prolonged extracorporeal circulation time were identified as significant risk factors for major bleeding. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to better understand these factors and the safety of minimally invasive surgery.
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Abstract: Background: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease worldwide. The prognosis is adverse without a valve replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has proven to be an effective treatment in high-surgical risk patients. Recent trials have highlighted the non-inferiority of TAVI compared with open surgery in patients with intermediate surgical risk. Case report: A 76-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk (STS-PROM 4.8%) who underwent TAVI with no complications. Results: Hospital discharge was decided five days after the procedure and continued outpatient follow-up. After two years remains in NYHA functional class I with a normofunctional percutaneous prosthesis. Conclusion: As this clinical case shows, TAVI has proven to be an effective treatment in patients with aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk. This is the first experience in this type of patients reported in our country.(AU)
Resumen: Antecedentes: La estenosis aórtica es la valvulopatía más común en todo el mundo. El pronóstico es sombrío sin reemplazo valvular. La implantación valvular aórtica transcatéter (TAVI) ha demostrado ser un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico. Ensayos muy recientes destacaron la no-inferioridad de TAVI en comparación con la cirugía abierta en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico intermedio. Caso clínico: Se presenta un hombre de 76 años de edad con estenosis aórtica severa y riesgo quirúrgico intermedio (STS-PROM 4.8%), al que se realiza TAVI sin complicaciones. Resultados: El alta hospitalaria se decide cinco días después del procedimiento para continuar el seguimiento ambulatorio. Después de dos años, el seguimiento permanece en la clase funcional I de la NYHA con una prótesis percutánea normofuncional. Conclusión: Como muestra este caso clínico, TAVI ha demostrado ser un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes de riesgo quirúrgico intermedio. Ésta es la primera experiencia en el uso de esta tecnología en este tipo de pacientes reportada en nuestro país.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
According to current guidelines, in patients without additional risk factors who have undergone aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis, anticoagulation in the first 3 months after surgery is still a matter of debate. According to current evidence, aspirin in low doses is a reasonable alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). A comparison is made between the incidence of thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in patients with low thrombotic risk who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the National Institute of Cardiology of Ignacio Chávez of Mexico. The hypothesis: aspirin as monotherapy has a beneficial effect compared to VKA. The studied patients were the low thrombotic risk patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the National Institute of Cardiology of Ignacio Chávez of Mexico from 2011 to 2015. The groups studied were: aspirin only, VKA only, and the combination of VKA plus aspirin. The patients were retrospectively followed-up for 12 months, and the thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications were documented. Of the 231 patients included in the study, only one patient in the VKA only group presented with a haemorrhagic complication. No thrombotic complications were observed. In the present study no thrombotic complications were observed in patients who did not receive anticoagulation in the first 3 months after an aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis after a follow up period of 12 months. This suggests that the use of aspirin only is safe during this period.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Bioprótese , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Seguimentos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Trombose/etiologia , Vitamina K/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Resumen De acuerdo a las guías actuales, aún es materia de debate el uso de anticoagulación en los primeros 3 meses en pacientes de bajo riesgo trombótico sometidos a cambio valvular aórtico con prótesis biológicas. En base a la evidencia actual, la aspirina a dosis bajas es razonable como alternativa a los antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) durante el posquirúrgico temprano en pacientes con prótesis biológicas en posición aórtica. Se comparó la incidencia de complicaciones trombóticas o hemorrágicas de acuerdo a la estrategia de terapia antitrombótica en los pacientes de bajo riesgo trombótico sometidos a cambio valvular aórtico con válvulas biológicas en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. La hipótesis: la aspirina como monoterapia antitrombótica tiene un efecto benéfico comparado con los AVK. Se estudiaron los pacientes de bajo riesgo trombótico sometidos a cambio valvular aórtico con válvulas biológicas en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Se incluyeron los pacientes operados del año 2011 al 2015. Se identificó en el seguimiento a un año la presencia de complicaciones trombóticas o hemorrágicas y si se manejaron con cualquiera de las siguientes: aspirina únicamente, AVK solo y la combinación aspirina más AVK. Se analizaron 231 pacientes. Solo se presentó una complicación hemorrágica en un paciente tratado con AVK. No hubo complicaciones trombóticas. No se presentaron complicaciones trombóticas en pacientes que no recibieron anticoagulación oral formal durante los primeros 3 meses posquirúrgicos, lo que indica que es seguro el uso de aspirina como monoterapia en estos pacientes de bajo riesgo trombótico.
Abstract According to current guidelines, in patients without additional risk factors who have undergone aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis, anticoagulation in the first 3 months after surgery is still a matter of debate. According to current evidence, aspirin in low doses is a reasonable alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). A comparison is made between the incidence of thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in patients with low thrombotic risk who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the National Institute of Cardiology of Ignacio Chávez of Mexico. The hypothesis: aspirin as monotherapy has a beneficial effect compared to VKA. The studied patients were the low thrombotic risk patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the National Institute of Cardiology of Ignacio Chávez of Mexico from 2011 to 2015. The groups studied were: aspirin only, VKA only, and the combination of VKA plus aspirin. The patients were retrospectively followed-up for 12 months, and the thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications were documented. Of the 231 patients included in the study, only one patient in the VKA only group presented with a haemorrhagic complication. No thrombotic complications were observed. In the present study no thrombotic complications were observed in patients who did not receive anticoagulation in the first 3 months after an aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis after a follow up period of 12 months. This suggests that the use of aspirin only is safe during this period.