RESUMO
Abstract The high consumption of antiaging cosmetics represents an outstanding opportunity for the development of new processes and attractive products in the cosmetic industry. Stability studies and sensory analyses are critical steps in the development process and production chain. Here we present a potential antiaging cosmetic product with innovative sensory characteristics. Caviar extract antioxidant properties were firstly evaluated by the DPPH method since it is an important mechanism against skin aging. Ca-alginate beads containing 2% of caviar extract and 0.2% of black pigment were prepared to obtain spheres similar to caviar. The beads were incorporated in a gel phase (hydroxyethylcellulose 2.5%) containing 3% of dimethylaminoethanol. Stability was evaluated in different storage conditions (sunlight exposure, 5 ± 2 °C, 37 ± 2 °C and r.t.) through the parameters: appearance, color and odor, pH (6-7), density (0.98-1.14 g.mL-1), centrifugation and average size. After approval by the Committee for Ethics in Research (n° 3.503.061), 30 volunteers tested the new formulation and answered a questionnaire. At 2%, caviar extract was able to scavenge 10.9% ± 0.58 of DPPH radical. Formulations showed good stability after 90 days, even considering the average size (7.47 ± 0.41 - 8.4 ± 0.65 mm2). 90% of the sensory test participants reported that they would buy the new product. Therefore, the new product developed demonstrates a promising potential as an attractive cosmetic product.
Assuntos
Cosméticos , Alginatos , Loções de Beleza , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The aim of this work was to remove the dyes Reactive Blue 221 (RB 221) and Reactive Blue 198 (RB 198) of synthetic effluent using the immobilized enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in Ca-alginate beads. Experimental parameters affecting the dye removal process such as the effect of pH, temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, mass capsules, and reuse were evaluated, and a numerical model of mass transfer was developed. A maximum removal of 93 and 75%, respectively, for the dyes RB 221 and RB 198, at pH 5.5 and temperature of 30 °C, concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 43.75 µM for dye RB 221 and 37.5 µM for the dye of RB 198 was obtained. A removal reaction of 180 min for RB 221 and 240 min for RB 198 was observed. Three reuse cycles of use of immobilized enzyme were achieved for both dyes. The numerical model proposed led to a good fit compared to experimental data. The HRP enzyme immobilized in Ca-alginate capsules showed a great potential for biotechnological applications, especially for the removal of reactive dyes.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Corantes/isolamento & purificação , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/química , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre/metabolismo , Microesferas , Biocatálise , Corantes/química , Poluentes Ambientais/química , Poluentes Ambientais/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , TemperaturaRESUMO
From an agricultural soil that had received continuous applications of organophosphorus pesticides, 30 actinobacteria strains were isolated. Two strains, identified as Streptomyces sp. AC1-6 and Streptomyces sp. ISP4, were selected because of their tolerance to diazinon and based on the relationship between diazinon removal and microbial growth. In liquid medium with diazinon at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg L(-1), both strains were able to remove approximately 40-50% and 70-90% of the initial diazinon after 24 and 96 h of incubation, respectively. This diazinon removal was accompanied by microbial growth of the strains, an initial pH decrease, and glucose consumption in the liquid medium. Evaluation of the diazinon removal achieved by the free actinobacteria and Streptomyces sp. AC1-6 immobilized on alginate beads revealed that the immobilized cells exhibited a 60% higher diazinon removal compared with the free cells. The reusability of the encapsulated biomass was confirmed, and a diazinon removal rate of more than 50% was obtained after the second batch. This work constitutes one of the few reports that describe Streptomyces strains as diazinon degraders. Given the high diazinon removal found, the streptomycetes exhibit suitable potential as diazinon-degrading actinobacteria for elimination of diazinon from liquid residues.