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Introduction. Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals aged < 50 years, is rising worldwide. Despite the increasing international scientific production on EOCRC, research is limited in Colombia. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical features of adults with EOCRC and late-onset CRC (LOCRC, CRC in individuals aged ≥ 50 years). Methods. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with CRC patients ≥ 18 years old at one medical center in Medellín, Colombia. Clinical and pathological data were retrieved from the Institutional Cancer Registry. Two analysis groups were established: EOCRC and LOCRC. The Chi-Square test was applied to compare the variables of interest between both groups. Results. The sample included 1,202 patients, 53.5% were female (N=643) and the median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 55-73). EOCRC represented 15.9% (N=192). LOCRC tended to have more history of cardiometabolic diseases and smoking (p<0.001) than EOCRC. CRC family history was proportionally more frequent in EOCRC (7.3% vs 3.8%; p=0.028) than in LOCRC. Right-sided tumors were more common in LOCRC (30.4% vs 21.9%; p=0.041) and left-sided tumors in EOCRC (30.7% vs 23.2%; p=0.041). Only one patient had inflammatory bowel disease history. Conclusion. EOCRC is clinically distinct from LOCRC regarding pathological and toxicological history as well as tumor location. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing clinical decision-making, particularly in relation to age at onset in Colombian CRC patients.
Introducción. La incidencia de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) de aparición temprana (CCR-ATem), definido como CCR en individuos menores de 50 años, está aumentando en todo el mundo. A pesar del incremento en la producción científica internacional sobre CCR-ATem, la investigación es limitada en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar clínicamente los adultos con CCR-ATem y CCR de aparición tardía (CCR-ATar, CCR en individuos ≥ 50 años). Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes adultos con CCR atendidos en un centro médico de Medellín, Colombia. Los datos se obtuvieron del Registro Institucional de Cáncer. Se establecieron dos grupos de análisis: CCR-ATem y CCR-ATar. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las variables de interés entre ambos grupos. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 1.202 pacientes, 53,5 % fueron mujeres (N=643), y la mediana de edad fue de 65 años (rango intercuartil: 55-73). CCR-ATem representó el 15,9 % (N=192). CCR-ATar tuvo más casos de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y tabaquismo (p<0,001). El antecedente familiar de CCR fue proporcionalmente más frecuente en CCR-ATem (7,3 % vs. 3,8 %; p=0,028). Los tumores del colon derecho fueron más frecuentes en CCR-ATar (30,4 % vs. 21,9 %; p=0,041) y los del colon izquierdo en CCR-ATem (30,7 % vs. 23,2 %; p=0,041). Solo un paciente tuvo antecedente de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Conclusión. CCR-ATem es clínicamente distinto de CCR-ATar con respecto a antecedentes patológicos y toxicológicos, y localización tumoral. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan información útil para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, particularmente en relación con la edad de inicio en pacientes colombianos con CCR.
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Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Cirurgia Colorretal , Estudo Observacional , Epidemiologia , Colômbia , Idade de InícioRESUMO
Objective: To determine the branching patterns of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and to describe the clinical applicability of computed tomography (CT) angiography in the evaluation of these vessels to facilitate the planning of colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: We included 100 patients who underwent CT angiography of the abdomen and pelvis. The branching patterns of the IMA were examined and classified as type 1 (bifurcated), including 1A (sigmoid and left colic arteries arising from a common trunk), 1B (sigmoid and superior rectal arteries arising from a common trunk) and 1C (sigmoid arteries arising from both trunks); type 2 (trifurcated); and type 3 (no left colic branch). Results: Among the 100 patients evaluated, we found the variant to be type 1A in 9%, type 1B in 47%, type 1C in 24%, type 2 in 16%, and type 3 in 4%. Conclusion: Preoperative CT angiography for evaluating the IMA branching pattern could inform decisions regarding the surgical approach to colorectal cancer.
Objetivo: Determinar os padrões de ramificação da artéria mesentérica inferior (AMI) e descrever a aplicabilidade clínica da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada na avaliação desses vasos na elaboração das estratégias pré-operatórias de cirurgia de câncer colorretal. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídos 100 pacientes submetidos a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada abdominal e pélvica. Os padrões de ramificação da AMI foram examinados e classificados como tipo 1 (bifurcado), incluindo 1A (artérias sigmoide e cólica esquerda originando-se de um tronco comum), 1B (artérias sigmoide e retal superior originando-se de um tronco comum) e 1C (artérias sigmoide originando-se de ambos os troncos); tipo 2 (trifurcado); e tipo 3 (sem ramo cólico esquerdo). Resultados: Do total de participantes incluídos no estudo, a variante do tipo 1A foi observada em 9%, a do tipo 1B em 47%, e a do tipo 1C em 24%. Com relação à variante tipo 2, esta foi observada em 16% dos pacientes, e a do tipo 3, em 4% dos casos.Conclusão O uso da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada pré-operatória para avaliar o padrão de ramificação da AMI pode ajudar a escolher a abordagem cirúrgica no câncer colorretal.
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Introducción. La implementación del protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) ha demostrado mejorar los desenlaces en cirugía colorrectal. En Colombia su implementación es escasa y se tiene poca evidencia de sus beneficios. Por esa razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal en un hospital de referencia en el suroccidente colombiano. Métodos. Estudio observacional con abordaje de emulación de experimento clínico ideal. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor entre los años 2021 y 2023. Se midió días de estancia hospitalaria, ingreso a unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) y la presencia de complicaciones globales, reintervenciones o reingreso hospitalario a 30 días. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado para medir el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los desenlaces. Resultados. En total,132 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 79 pacientes en el período previo a la implementación de ERAS y 53 pacientes con el protocolo ERAS. En el análisis multivariado, se encontró una reducción relativa del 77 % para ingreso a UCI, del 57 % de complicaciones globales, del 67 % en el reingreso hospitalario y del 92 % para reintervenciones quirúrgicas tras el alta en los pacientes ERAS. Conclusiones. La implementación de las recomendaciones ERAS en nuestra institución demostró mejorar los resultados clínicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor. En Colombia, se necesita de estudios multicéntricos que permitan evidenciar la plausibilidad y beneficios de estas recomendaciones en otras instituciones.
Introduction. Implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been shown to improve outcomes in colorectal surgery. In Colombia, its implementation is scarce and there is limited evidence of its benefits. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ERAS protocol implementation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery in a reference hospital in Southwestern Colombia. Methods. Observational study with ideal clinical experiment emulation approach. Adult patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between 2021 and 2023 were included. Days of hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and the presence of overall complications, reinterventions, or hospital readmission within 30 days were measured. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to measure the effect of the implementation of the ERAS protocol on the outcomes. Results. A total of 132 patients met the inclusion criteria, 79 patients in the period prior to ERAS implementation and 53 patients with the ERAS protocol. In the multivariate analysis, a relative reduction of 77% for ICU admissions, 57% for overall complications, 67% for hospital readmission, and 92% for surgical reinterventions after discharge in ERAS patients was found. Conclusions. Implementation of ERAS recommendations at our institution was shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery, In Colombia, multicenter studies are needed to demonstrate the plausibility and benefits of these recommendations in other institutions.
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Humanos , Cirurgia Colorretal , Recuperação Pós-Cirúrgica Melhorada , Tempo de Internação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Reoperação , Neoplasias ColorretaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study explored the performance of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia as accessed by psoas cross-sectional area in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out and a diagnostic accuracy strategy was applied using the radiologist team assessment as gold standard. RESULTS: Cohort analysis of 45 consecutive patients found that 31.1% had sarcopenia. Correlation of Total Psoas Index between radiologists and surgeons was very strong for the Junior and strong for the Senior surgeon, with a strong correlation between the surgeons. By the simplistic criterion, agreement between radiologists and surgeons was substantial for both the Junior and Senior surgeons, with a moderate level between the surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of Junior surgeon were 92.9%, 83.9%, 72.2%, 96.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. The corresponding results for the Senior surgeon were 78.6%, 90.3%, 78.6%, 90.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. We found no major differences on agreement levels and performance of surgeons using the composite criterion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons seem to be accurate for identifying radiological sarcopenia in patients with CRC. The simplistic criterion should be preferred since a composite criterion adds complexity without increasing accuracy or agreement levels.
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O câncer colorretal é desafiador devido à necessidade de atenção especializada nos serviços de saúde. Assim, objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao estadiamento do câncer colorretal (CCR) no estado do Maranhão, no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informação de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, com a subsequente utilização do teste de qui-quadrado, considerando o nível de significância (p<0,05). Dos 421 casos de CCR analisados, houve predomínio de mulheres (57,8%), acima dos 60 anos (31,3%), de cor parda (68,2%), baixa escolaridade (43%) e múltiplas profissões. O adenocarcinoma foi o mais recorrente dos casos (73,5%) e, após tratamento com cirurgia e quimioterapia, houve remissão da doença em 27,2% e 37,9% dos casos, respectivamente. Houve associação do estadiamento tardio com tipo histológico adenocarcinoma (p<0,001), e os tratamentos recebidos nos casos tardios foram associados à cirurgia e quimioterapia (p<0,001). Os pacientes de casos precoces tiveram maiores possibilidades da remissão completa (p<0,000), sendo o tempo para o tratamento maior que 60 dias em casos tardios. As variáveis analisadas refletem principalmente a demora do diagnóstico, resultando na necessidade de tratamentos conjugados para efetiva possibilidade do desaparecimento da doença. Os casos analisados tiveram estadiamento tardio, o que reflete casos com diagnóstico e tratamento tardio, devido ao caráter silencioso da doença, à dificuldade de acesso dos pacientes aos serviços de saúde e à ainda recente estruturação dos fluxos de atendimento, medida que visa a reduzir a espera, identificar os casos precoces e favorecer melhores condições de tratamento para remissão da doença na população alvo.
Colorectal cancer is a challenge due to the need for specialized care in health services. Thus we aimed to analyze factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) staging in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from System Information of Hospital Cancer Registry, with subsequent use of the chi-square test, considering the significance level (p<0.05). Of the 421 cases of CRC analyzed, there was a predominance of women (57.8%), over 60 years (31.3%), mixed race (68.2%), low education (43%), and multiple professions. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent case (73.5%) and, after treatment were treated with surgery and chemotherapy 27.2% and 37.9% of cases showed disease remission, respectively. There was an association between late staging and histological type of adenocarcinoma (p<0.001), and the treatments received in late cases were associated with surgery and chemotherapy (p<0.001). The patients with early cases had greater chances of complete remission (p<0.000), and the time to treatment was greater than 60 days in late cases. The analyzed variables mainly reflect the delay in diagnosis, requiring combined treatments for the effective possibility of healing the disease. The analyzed cases had late staging, which reflects in cases with late diagnosis and treatment, due to the silent nature of the disease, the difficulty of the patient's access to health services, and the recent structuring of service flow, a measure that aims to reduce waiting times, identify early cases and favor better treatment conditions for disease remission in the target population.
El cáncer colorrectal es un reto por la necesidad de atención especializada en los servicios sanitarios. Este trabajo buscó analizar los factores asociados con la estadificación del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en el estado de Maranhão, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se recolectaron del Sistema de Información de Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer, en el que se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y el nivel de significancia (p<0,05). De los 421 casos de CCR evaluados, hubo predominio de mujeres (57,8%), mayores de 60 años (31,3%), de color pardo (68,2%), bajo nivel educativo (43%) y de múltiples profesiones. El adenocarcinoma fue el más común entre los casos (73,5%) y, tras el tratamiento con cirugía y quimioterapia, se produjo una remisión de la enfermedad en el 27,2% y el 37,9% de los casos. Hubo asociación entre la estadificación tardía con adenocarcinoma de tipo histológico (p<0,001), y los tratamientos que recibieron los casos tardíos se asociaron con cirugía y quimioterapia (p<0,001). Los pacientes con casos tempranos tuvieron mayores posibilidades de remisión completa (p<0,000), y el tiempo hasta el tratamiento fue superior a 60 días en los casos tardíos. Las variables analizadas reflejan principalmente el retraso en el diagnóstico, requiriendo tratamientos combinados para la posibilidad efectiva de desaparición de la enfermedad. Los casos analizados tuvieron estadificación tardía, lo que refleja casos con diagnóstico y tratamiento tardío debido al carácter silencioso de la enfermedad, el acceso de los pacientes a los servicios de salud y la reciente estructuración de los flujos de atención que apuntan a reducir la espera, identificar casos tempranos y favorecer un mejor tratamiento para la remisión de la enfermedad en la población objetivo.
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Humanos , Sistemas de Informação , Neoplasias Colorretais , Estudos Transversais , Tempo para o Tratamento , Serviços de Saúde , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To review rates of uterine preservation and gonadal function, surgical outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing surgical uterine transposition. METHODS: A structured search and analysis of the published literature on uterine transposition was conducted. Information on study type, sample size, patient characteristics, clinical indications, details of the surgical technique, trans-operative and post-operative results, success rates in preserving reproductive organ function and fertility were extracted. RESULTS: A total of 18 cases were reported to date. Patients' median age was 29 (range 3-38) years. Rectal cancers accounted for 9 (50%) cases of published cases of uterine transposition, followed by 6 (33%) cervical squamous cell carcinomas, 1 (6%) vaginal squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (6%) sacral yolk sac tumor, and 1 (6%) pelvic liposarcoma. The median time for uterine transposition to the upper abdomen was 150 (range 80-360) min, and 90 (range 80-310) min for organ reimplantation in the pelvis. Cervical ischemia occurred in 5 (27.8%) cases, being the most commonly reported complication. The median follow-up time was 25 months, and three patients achieved spontaneous pregnancies resulting in successful gestations, out of five patients who were reported as having tried. One patient experienced recurrence and succumbed to the tumor during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine transposition is a feasible and safe surgical approach that offers patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy an option to preserve gonadal and uterine function, with the potential for spontaneous pregnancy.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Preservação da Fertilidade , Neoplasias Pélvicas , Neoplasias Retais , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Neoplasias Pélvicas/cirurgia , Útero , PelveRESUMO
The aim of this study was to associate FGFR4 rs1966265 and rs351855 variants with colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Mexican population and to perform in silico analysis. Genomic DNA from 412 healthy individuals and 475 CRC patients was analyzed. In silico analysis was performed using the PolyPhen-V2, GEPIA, GTEx, and Cytoscape platforms. The GA genotype dominant model (GAAA) of rs1966265 and the AA genotype dominant and recessive models of rs351855 were identified as CRC risk factors (p < 0.05). CRC patients aged ≥ 50 years at diagnosis who consumed alcohol had a higher incidence of the rs351855 GA genotype than the control group (p < 0.05). Associations were observed between the rs1966265 GA genotype and patients with rectal cancer and stage III-IV disease. The rs351855 AA genotype was a risk factor for partial chemotherapy response, and the GA + AA genotype for age ≥ 50 years at diagnosis and rectal cancer was associated with a partial response to chemotherapy (p < 0.05). The AA haplotype was associated with increased susceptibility to CRC. In silico analysis indicated that the rs351855 variant is likely pathogenic (score = 0.998). Genotypic expression analysis in blood samples showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). EFNA4, SLC3A2, and HNF1A share signaling pathways with FGFR4. Therefore, rs1966265 and rs351855 may be potential CRC risk factors.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences between early- (EOCRC) and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC), and to evaluate the determinants of one-year all-cause mortality among advanced-stage patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. CRC patients ≥ 18 years old were included. Chi-Square test was applied to compare both groups. Uni- and multivariate regressions were performed to evaluate the determinants of one-year all-cause mortality in all advanced-stage patients regardless of age of onset. RESULTS: A total of 416 patients were enrolled; 53.1 % were female. Ninety cases (21.6 %) had EOCRC and 326 (78.4 %) had LOCRC. EOCRC cases were predominantly sporadic (88.9 %). Histology of carcinoma other than adenocarcinoma (p= 0.044) and rectum tumors (p= 0.039) were more prevalent in EOCRC. LOCRC patients were more likely to have smoking history (p < 0.001) and right colon tumors (p = 0.039). Alcohol consumption history (odds ratio [OR]: 3.375, 95 %CI: 1.022-11.150) and stage IV (OR: 12.632, 95 %CI: 3.506-45.513) were associated with higher one-year all-cause mortality among advanced-stage patients, the opposite was noted with left colon tumors (OR: 0.045, 95 %CI: 0.003-0.588). CONCLUSION: EOCRC was predominantly sporadic and had more cases of uncommon histological subtypes and rectal tumors. LOCRC was characterized by a higher prevalence of smoking history. Multivariate regression revealed an association between higher one-year all-cause mortality and alcohol consumption history and stage IV in advanced-stage patients. CRC exhibited differences based on age of onset. The evaluated factors associated with CRC mortality provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, emphasizing the importance of adequate clinical assessment and early CRC diagnosis.
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Idade de Início , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Humanos , Colômbia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Comorbidade , Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Carcinoma/mortalidade , Carcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción. El conjunto de estrategias de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS, por sus siglas en inglés) constituye un enfoque de atención multimodal y multidisciplinario, cuyo propósito es reducir el estrés perioperatorio de la cirugía, disminuir la morbilidad y acortar la estancia hospitalaria. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los resultados clínicos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía por cáncer colorrectal, identificando las complicaciones principales y los factores perioperatorios relacionados con el alta temprana. Métodos. Se analizaron los pacientes consecutivos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal entre los años 2020 y 2023, todos los cuales siguieron el protocolo ERAS institucional. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, los factores perioperatorios, los desenlaces postoperatorios y la tasa global de adherencia al protocolo. Resultados. Un total de 456 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía colorrectal, 51% de sexo masculino, con edad media de 60 años. La mayoría de las intervenciones se realizaron por laparoscopia (78 %), con una tasa de conversión del 14,5 %. Las complicaciones postoperatorias incluyeron fuga anastomótica (4,6 %), sangrado, infección intraabdominal y obstrucción intestinal. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 4 días y la mortalidad del 2,8 %. La tasa global de adherencia al protocolo ERAS fue del 84,7 %. Conclusiones. El enfoque combinado de cirugía laparoscópica y protocolo ERAS es factible, seguro y se asocia con una estancia hospitalaria más corta. La implementación y adherencia al protocolo ERAS no solo mejora los resultados postoperatorios, sino que también resalta la importancia de acceder a datos sólidos, permitiendo mejorar la atención perioperatoria local.
Introduction. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach to care, the purpose of which is to reduce the perioperative stress of surgery, decrease morbidity, and shorten hospital stay. This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, identifying the main complications and perioperative factors related to early discharge. Methods. Consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed, who followed the institutional ERAS protocol. Clinical characteristics, perioperative factors, postoperative outcomes, and overall protocol adherence rate were evaluated. Results. A total of 456 patients underwent colorectal surgery, 51% male, with a mean age of 60 years. Most interventions were performed laparoscopically (78%), with a conversion rate of 14.5%. Postoperative complications included anastomotic leak (4.6%), followed by bleeding, intra-abdominal infection, and intestinal obstruction. The average hospital stay was 4 days and mortality was 2.8%. The overall adherence rate to the ERAS protocol was 84.7%. Conclusions. The combined approach of laparoscopic surgery and ERAS protocol is feasible, safe, and associated with a shorter hospital stay. Implementation and adherence to the ERAS protocol not only improves postoperative outcomes, but also highlights the importance of accessing solid data, allowing for improved local perioperative care.
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Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Recuperação Pós-Cirúrgica Melhorada , Tempo de Internação , Laparoscopia , Cirurgia Colorretal , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente InvasivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the association between healthcare fragmentation and survival for patients with colorectal cancer in Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative databases, with an electronic algorithm to identify patients with colorectal cancer based on codes. The patients were enrolled between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. The exposure variable was fragmentation, which was measured based on the number of different healthcare institutions that treated a patient during the first year after diagnosis. Matching was performed using propensity scores to control for confounding, and the hazard ratio for exposure to higher fragmentation was calculated for the matched sample. RESULTS: A total of 5036 patients with colorectal cancer were identified, 2525 (49.88%) of whom were women. The mean number of network healthcare institutions for the total sample was 5.71 (SD 1.98). The patients in the quartile with higher fragmentation had the highest mortality rate, 35.67 (95% CI 33.63-38.06) per 100 patients. The comparison of higher and lower quartiles of fragmentation resulted in an incidence rate ratio of 1.23 (95% CI 1.04-1.45; P = .02). Of the 5036 patients, 422 (8.38%) were classified as the exposed cohort (higher fragmentation). The total matched sample consisted of 844 subjects, and an HR of 1.26 (95%CI; 1.05-1.51) was estimated. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to more highly fragmented healthcare networks decreases overall 4-year survival for patients with colorectal cancer in Colombia.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto , Pontuação de PropensãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Primary tumor sidedness (PTS) is an independent prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), with a worse prognosis for right-sided tumors. There are limited data on the prognostic impact of PTS in stage III CRC. The main objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of PTS in stage III CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective and uni-institutional cohort study was performed in an oncology reference center. Patients with stage III CRC treated with a 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimen (mFLOX regimen) from October 2007 to February 2013 were included. The primary outcome was the probability of overall survival (OS) at 5 years stratified by PTS. Secondary outcomes were the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years and an analysis of the prognostic impact of clinical and molecular biomarkers. KaplanâMeier curves were used, and Cox models were used to evaluate prognostic factors associated with OS and DFS. RESULTS: Overall, 265 patients were evaluated. Transverse colon tumors, multicentric tumors, and undetermined primary subsites were excluded, resulting in 234 patients classified according to PTS: 95 with right sidedness (40.6%) and 139 with left sidedness (59.4%). The median follow-up time was 66 months [interquartile range (IQR): 39-81]. The 5-year OS probabilities for right-sided and left-sided tumors were 67% (95% CI: 58%-77%) and 82% (75%-89%), respectively [hazard ratio (HR): 2.02, 95% CI: 1.18-3.46; P = .010]. The 5-year probabilities of DFS for right-sided and left-sided tumors were 58% (49%-69%) and 65% (58%-74%), respectively (HR: 1.29, 0.84-1.97; P = 0.248). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there may be a worse prognosis (inferior OS at 5 years) for resected right-sided stage III CRC patients treated in the real world. However, these data need to be confirmed by prospective studies with a larger number of participants.
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Neoplasias do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Introducción: Los pólipos son excrecencias benignas de la mucosa colónica y otras partes del aparato gastrointestinal, que pueden ser: según sus formas sésiles o pediculados y según sus números únicos o múltiples. Se presentan a cualquier edad, pero son más frecuentes en la infancia. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente diagnosticado y tratado con una poliposis colónica malignizada. Caso clínico: Paciente de raza blanca femenina, de 25 años de edad, sin antecedentes de salud, que acudió a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Docente Oncológico María Curie en el mes enero del año 2023. Al interrogatorio manifestó dolor abdominal localizado hacia la región de flanco y fosa ilíaca izquierda de gran intensidad, intermitente y solo se aliviaba con la administración de analgésicos en altas dosis e irradiado de forma asimétrica hacia otras regiones del abdomen y presencia de otros síntomas generales como: diarreas mucosanguinolentas, pérdida peso y anorexia, por lo que se decidió indicar estudios complementarios y tratamiento al paciente. Conclusiones: El resultado del estudio histológico fue pólipos neoplásicos del tipo adenomatoso a nivel del recto bajo, tumor maligno del tipo adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado y ulcerado. Ahora con evolución favorable y mejoría de su sintomatología.
Introduction: Polyps are benign excrescences of the colonic mucosa and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract that can be sessile or pedunculated according to their forms and according to their single or multiple numbers. They occur at any age, but are more frequent in childhood. Objective: To present the case of a patient diagnosed and treated with a malignant colonic polyposis. Case report: White, 25-year-old female patient, with no previous health history, attended the Coloproctology consultation of the María Curie Oncology Teaching Hospital in January 2023. On interrogation, she manifested abdominal pain located towards the flank region and left iliac fossa of great intensity, intermittent and only relieved with the administration of analgesics in high doses and radiated asymmetrically to other regions of the abdomen and presence of other general symptoms such as: mucus diarrhea, weight loss and anorexia, so it was decided to indicate complementary studies and treatment to the patient. Conclusions: The result of the histological study was neoplastic polyps of the adenomatous type, at the level of the rectum under a malignant tumor of the well-differentiated, ulcerated adenocarcinoma type. Now with favorable evolution and improvement of her symptoms.
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Abstract Objective: To determine the branching patterns of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and to describe the clinical applicability of computed tomography (CT) angiography in the evaluation of these vessels to facilitate the planning of colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: We included 100 patients who underwent CT angiography of the abdomen and pelvis. The branching patterns of the IMA were examined and classified as type 1 (bifurcated), including 1A (sigmoid and left colic arteries arising from a common trunk), 1B (sigmoid and superior rectal arteries arising from a common trunk) and 1C (sigmoid arteries arising from both trunks); type 2 (trifurcated); and type 3 (no left colic branch). Results: Among the 100 patients evaluated, we found the variant to be type 1A in 9%, type 1B in 47%, type 1C in 24%, type 2 in 16%, and type 3 in 4%. Conclusion: Preoperative CT angiography for evaluating the IMA branching pattern could inform decisions regarding the surgical approach to colorectal cancer.
Resumo Objetivo: Determinar os padrões de ramificação da artéria mesentérica inferior (AMI) e descrever a aplicabilidade clínica da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada na avaliação desses vasos na elaboração das estratégias pré-operatórias de cirurgia de câncer colorretal. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídos 100 pacientes submetidos a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada abdominal e pélvica. Os padrões de ramificação da AMI foram examinados e classificados como tipo 1 (bifurcado), incluindo 1A (artérias sigmoide e cólica esquerda originando-se de um tronco comum), 1B (artérias sigmoide e retal superior originando-se de um tronco comum) e 1C (artérias sigmoide originando-se de ambos os troncos); tipo 2 (trifurcado); e tipo 3 (sem ramo cólico esquerdo). Resultados: Do total de participantes incluídos no estudo, a variante do tipo 1A foi observada em 9%, a do tipo 1B em 47%, e a do tipo 1C em 24%. Com relação à variante tipo 2, esta foi observada em 16% dos pacientes, e a do tipo 3, em 4% dos casos. Conclusão O uso da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada pré-operatória para avaliar o padrão de ramificação da AMI pode ajudar a escolher a abordagem cirúrgica no câncer colorretal.
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ABSTRACT The present manuscript aimed to review the historical development and most important contributions regarding Lynch Syndrome since its first description, more than a century ago. In 1895, a reputed pathologist from Michigan University, Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin, got intrigued by the family history of a local seamstress called Pauline Gross. According to her prevision, she would present an early death due to cancer, which actually happened (from the uterus). Historically, her family was designated "Family G", comprising a group recognized as the longest and most detailed cancer genealogy that has ever been studied. Warthin concluded that its members had genetic susceptibility for cancer, and they are, nowadays, considered the first reported Lynch Syndrome family. At that time, however, the medical cancer community was far less receptive to the association between heredity and cancer, despite the description of other families with similar heredograms. Unfortunately, this historical fact remained somewhat dormant until another investigator inaugurated a new era in the understanding of family cancer clusters. After reports and studies from this family and many others, the condition initially called Cancer Family Syndrome was changed to the eponym Lynch Syndrome. This was a recognition of the extensive and dedicated work developed by Dr. Henry Lynch in describing various characteristics of the disease, and his efforts to establish the correct recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment. Although the future announces there is still far to go for a complete understanding of Lynch Syndrome, the remarkable contributions of Pauline's intuition, Warthin's perseverance, and Lynch's work consistency must never be forgotten by those who already have or will still benefit from this knowledge.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente manuscrito foi fazer uma revisão histórica do desenvolvimento e das mais importantes contribuições em relação à Síndrome de Lynch, desde sua primeira descrição há mais de um século atrás. Em 1895, o reputado patologista Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin ficou intrigado com a história familiar de uma costureira local, chamada Pauline Gross. De acordo com a sua previsão, ela morreria precocemente devido a um câncer, o que realmente aconteceu (do útero). Historicamente, sua família foi designada como Família "G", caracterizando um grupo reconhecido como a maior e mais longa árvore genealógica relacionada ao câncer familiar jamais estudada. Warthin concluiu que os membros dessa família tinham susceptibilidade genética para câncer, e ainda hoje são considerados a primeira família com Síndrome de Lynch reportada na literatura. Entretanto, naquela época a comunidade médica oncológica não era receptiva à associação entre hereditariedade e câncer, a despeito da descrição de outras famílias com heredogramas similares. Infelizmente, esse fato histórico permaneceu esquecido até que outro investigador inaugurou uma nova era para a melhor compreensão da agregação familiar do câncer. Após diversas descrições dessa mesma agregação de casos de câncer em outras famílias, essa condição inicialmente denominada Síndrome de Câncer Familial foi mudada para o epônimo Síndrome de Lynch. Esse foi um reconhecimento ao extenso e dedicado trabalho desenvolvido pelo Dr. Henry Lynch na descrição de diversas características da doença e seus esforços para estabelecer as recomendações corretas para o seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Embora o futuro anuncie que ainda teremos um longo caminho a percorrer para a completa compreensão da Síndrome de Lynch, as contribuições extraordinárias da intuição de Pauline, da perseverança de Warthin e da consistência do trabalho de Lynch nunca devem ser esquecidas por àqueles que já se beneficiaram, bem como os que ainda irão se beneficiar de todo esse conhecimento.
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Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a key quality indicator in screening colonoscopy, closely linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Currently, the minimum recommended ADR is > 30% with an aspirational goal of > 35%; and the sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SSLDR) minimum is > 7% with an aspirational goal of > 10%. Improving the detection of adenomas and serrated lesions involves rigorous bowel preparation, using the validated Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) with an adequate or superior score (≥ 6, with each segment ≥ 2: right-transverse-left) (minimum > 90% and > 95% aspirational goal). The most basic strategy is to implement split-dose bowel preparation regimens. A minimum withdrawal time of 6 minutes, ideally extended to 9 minutes, improves ADR and SSLDR, especially in the proximal colon. Incorporating techniques such as double examination of the right colon (retroflexion or second forward view), water-assisted colonoscopy, enhanced imaging endoscopy technologies (e.g., NBI, TXI, LCI, BLI), distal attachment devices, artificial intelligence systems (CADe), along with monitoring, feedback, continuing education, and teamwork, are key strategies to increase ADR and SSLDR, consequently, reduce the risk of post-colonoscopy or interval CRC.
La tasa de detección de adenomas (ADR) es un indicador de calidad fundamental en la colonoscopia de tamizaje, estrechamente relacionado con la prevención del cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Actualmente la ADR mínima reco- mendada es > 30% y aspiracional > 35%; y la tasa de detección de lesiones serradas sésiles (SSLDR) mínima > 7% y aspiracional > 10%. Mejorar la detección de adenomas y pólipos serrados implica una preparación intestinal rigurosa, utilizando la escala validada de Boston con puntuación adecuada o superior (≥ 6, con cada segmento ≥ 2: derecho-transverso-izquierdo) (mínimo > 90% y > 95% meta aspiracional). Siendo la estrategia más básica implementar regímenes de preparación intestinal en dosis divididas. Un tiempo de retirada mínimo de 6 minutos, idealmente extendido a 9 minutos, mejora la ADR y SSLDR, especialmente en el colon proximal. La incorporación de técnicas como la doble inspección del colon derecho (retroflexión o segunda visión frontal), la colonoscopia asistida por agua, tecnologías de endoscopia con imagen mejorada (ej: NBI, TXI, LCI, BLI), dispositivos de fija- ción distal, sistemas de inteligencia artificial (CADe), junto con la monitorización, retroalimentación, educación continua y trabajo en equipo, son estrategias clave para aumentar la ADR y SSLDR, en consecuencia, reducir el riesgo de CCR posterior de colonoscopia o intervalo.
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Humanos , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Detecção Precoce de CâncerRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high mortality rates worldwide. In Brazil, it is the second most common cancer in both sexes. Delay in detecting premalignant lesions contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, the Piranhas project was created to track CRC in a low-income population in the hinterland of Alagoas. Objective: The study aimed to establish the main strategies and verify the feasibility of implementing a CRC tracking program and demonstrate the results obtained in the CRC Prevention Campaign in Piranhas/AL. Methods: The program took place in Piranhas, Alagoas, Brazil, through public-private partnerships. Individuals aged between 50 and 70 years of age were included for screening with a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy in positive cases. Patient data were collected on standard forms. Results: A total of 2152 patients, aged between 50 and 70 years, were screened, 130 of which underwent colonoscopy. Several preneoplastic lesions were detected in 58 patients. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 33.85%. Conclusion: The study proved to be effective and viable since 44.6% of the program participants, who underwent screening with FOBT, followed by colonoscopy in positive cases, had some type of preneoplastic lesion. In addition, the program generated a significant social impact on the population of Piranhas due to the opportunity to diagnose and treat CRC precursor lesions.
RESUMO Contexto: O câncer colorretal (CCR) possui altas taxas de mortalidade em todo mundo. No Brasil é o segundo câncer mais comum em ambos os sexos. O atraso na detecção de lesões pré-malignas contribui com o aumento da morbimortalidade. Neste cenário, o projeto Piranhas foi criado para rastrear o CCR em uma população carente do sertão alagoano. Objetivo: O estudo teve como meta estabelecer as principais estratégias e verificar a viabilidade da implementação de um programa de rastreamento do CCR, assim como demonstrar os resultados obtidos na Campanha de prevenção de CCR no município de Piranhas/AL. Métodos: O programa aconteceu em Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, através de parcerias público-privadas. Foram incluídos indivíduos entre 50 e 70 anos para triagem com pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes (PSOF) e colonoscopia dos casos positivos. Os dados dos pacientes foram coletados em formulários padrão. Resultados: Foram rastreados um total de 2152 pacientes com idade entre 50 e 70 anos, sendo destes, 130 submetidos à colonoscopia. Várias lesões pré-neoplásicas foram detectadas em 58 pacientes. A taxa de detecção de adenoma foi de 33,85%. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou-se eficaz e viável, uma vez que 44,6% dos participantes do programa que realizaram a triagem com PSOF seguido de colonoscopia nos casos positivos apresentava algum tipo de lesão pré-neoplásica. Além disso, o programa gerou grande impacto social na população de Piranhas, pela oportunidade de diagnóstico e tratamento de lesões precursoras do CCR.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of uterine transposition as a method of preserving fertility and ovarian function after pelvic radiation. METHODS: This prospective multicenter observational study included patients with non-gynecologic pelvic cancers who underwent pelvic radiation as part of their cancer treatment between June 2017 and June 2019. For inclusion in the study, patients were required to have normal menstrual cycles and hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen) before treatment. Uterine transposition to the upper abdomen was performed prior to irradiation. Clinical examinations and Doppler ultrasonography were used to evaluate the gonadal vasculature post-surgery. The uterus was repositioned into the pelvis 2-4 weeks after radiation therapy or at the time of rectosigmoid resection in patients with rectal cancer who had undergone neoadjuvant treatment. Cancer treatment and follow-up were performed according to standard guidelines. RESULTS: Eight patients (seven with rectal cancer and one with pelvic liposarcoma) underwent uterine transposition at a median age of 30.5 years (range 19-37). The uterus was successfully preserved in six patients, accompanied by normal menses, hormonal levels, and vaginal intercourse after treatment. One patient with rectal cancer died of carcinomatosis 4 months after uterine transposition. One patient presented with uterine necrosis 4 days after uterine transposition, and the uterus was removed; however, one ovary was preserved. Cervical ischemia was the most common post-surgical complication in three (37.5%) patients. Three patients attempted to conceive, and two (66%) were spontaneously successful and delivered healthy babies at 36 and 38 weeks by cesarean section without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine transposition is a feasible procedure for preserving gonadal and uterine function in patients requiring pelvic radiotherapy for non-gynecological cancer, with the potential for achieving spontaneous pregnancy and successful delivery.
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Preservação da Fertilidade , Neoplasias Retais , Útero , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Cesárea , Fertilidade , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias Retais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health challenge and one of the top 10 cancers in Mexico. Lifestyle and genetic factors influence CRC development, prognosis, and therapeutic response; identifying risk factors, such as the genes involved, is critical to understanding its behavior, mechanisms, and prognosis. The association between KRAS gene variants (rs8720 and rs12587) and CRC in the Mexican population was analyzed. We performed in silico analysis and analyzed 310 healthy individuals and 385 CRC patients using TaqMan assays and real-time PCR. The CC and GG genotypes of rs8720 and rs12587 were identified as CRC risk factors (p < 0.05). The CC and TC genotypes of the rs8720 were associated with rectal cancer, age over 50 years, moderately differentiated histology, and advanced cancer stage. TG and GG genotypes of the rs12587 variant were a risk factor in the CRC group, in patients with stage I-II, males, and stage III-IV non-chemotherapy response. The TG haplotype is protected against CRC. The combined CCGG genotype was linked to CRC risk. In silico analysis revealed that the rs12587 and rs8720 variants could influence KRAS gene regulation via miRNAs. In conclusion, rs8720 and rs12587 variants of the KRAS gene were associated with CRC risk and could influence KRAS regulation via miRNAs.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , MicroRNAs , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , México , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , MicroRNAs/genéticaRESUMO
Fundamento aún no se ha establecido una técnica ideal que permita realizar el cierre laparotómico que garantice la disminución de complicaciones. Objetivo comparar los resultados del cierre de la pared abdominal mediante puntos subtotales internos y puntos totales en pacientes intervenidos por cáncer colorrectal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Enrique Cabrera, en el trienio 2019-2021, con 80 pacientes intervenidos por cáncer colorrectal. Se empleó la prueba Chi-cuadrado, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, entre otros. Resultados el tumor se localizó en colon sigmoide en 35 % de los casos de los pacientes con cierre de puntos totales; y en 31,7 % del grupo con cierre mediante puntos subtotales. La cirugía fue urgente en 80 % del grupo con cierre de puntos totales; y electiva en 75 % de los de cierre con puntos subtotales. La incisión fue media supra e infraumbilical en 70 % de los pacientes del grupo con cierre de puntos totales; y xifopubiana en 66,7 % de los del cierre con puntos subtotales. Se presentaron medianas de 3 ± 2 y 1 ± 0 complicaciones para los de cierre con puntos totales y cierre con puntos subtotales, respectivamente. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue mayor en el grupo con cierre de puntos totales (8 ± 6 días). Conclusiones en los pacientes donde se aplicaron puntos subtotales internos para el cierre de la pared abdominal, los resultados fueron mejores que en grupo donde se emplearon puntos totales.
Foundation an ideal technique has not been established yet to allow laparotomic closure to guarantee the reduction of complications. Objective to compare the results of abdominal wall closure using internal subtotal points and total points in patients operated on for colorectal cancer. Methods a descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dr. Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital, from 2019 to 2021, with 80 patients operated on for colorectal cancer. The Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test, among others, were used. Results the tumor was located in the sigmoid colon in 35% of patients with total suture closure; and in 31.7% of the group with closure by subtotal points. Surgery was urgent in 80% of the group with total stitch closure; and elective in 75% of the closing cases with subtotal points. The incision was median supra and infraumbilical in 70% of the patients in the group with total suture closure; and xiphopubic in 66.7% of those at closure with subtotal points. There were medians of 3 ± 2 and 1 ± 0 complications for closure with total stitches and closure with subtotal stitches, respectively. Median hospital stay was longer in the total stitch closure group (8 ± 6 days). Conclusions in the patients where internal subtotal sutures were applied for abdominal wall closure, the results were better than in the group where total sutures were used.
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Cáncer colorrectal post-colonoscopia (CCRP) es el tumor que aparece posterior a una colonoscopia normal antes de cumplirse el tiempo establecido para seguimiento endoscópico. Origen multifactorial, refleja la calidad de la colonoscopia y las diferentes biologías tumorales entre los cánceres colorrectales detectados (CCRD) y el CCRP. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características del CCRP en nuestro medio, identificar factores de riesgo, discriminar sus causas según la Organización Mundial de Endoscopia (OME) y determinar el efecto en la sobrevida del paciente. El estudio se realizó en pacientes con cáncer-colorrectal (CCR) atendidos en consulta de gastro-oncología de dos instituciones en Medellín-Colombia, entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2021 que se habían sometido a una colonoscopia en los 6 a 36 meses anteriores a la colonoscopia en la que se diagnosticó el CCR. 919 pacientes durante 10 años por CCR, 68 casos de CCRP (6,9%), se encontró que se presenta con más frecuencia en pacientes mayores (74 vs. 66 años; p=0,03), con antecedentes de pólipos adenomatosos (36,8% vs. 20,1%; p=0,01) y en colon derecho (57,4% vs. 40,6%; p=0,006), con una tendencia en pacientes con diverticulosis (41,2% vs. 31,3%; p=0,05) y diabetes (25% vs. 14%; p=0,06); menor sobrevida a 5 y 10 años (58%-55,2% vs. 67%-63%; p<0,001). Según la OME, los CCRP se presentaron en 61,3% por lesiones omitidas en colonoscopias inadecuadas, 29% colonoscopias adecuadas y 9,7% resecciones incompletas de adenomas. En conclusión, la tasa de CCRP fue de 6,9%, con mayor propensión en pacientes de mayores, antecedente de resección de pólipos, y en colon derecho. Acorde a la OME, las lesiones omitidas más frecuentemente se relacionaron con colonoscopias inadecuadas. Los pacientes con CCRP tienen menor sobrevida.
Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is a tumor that appears after a normal colonoscopy before the established time for the endoscopic follow up. Its origin reflects the quality of the colonoscopy and the different tumoral biologics between the CRC and the CRCPC. Our aim is to describe the characteristics of the PCCRC in our region, to identify risk factors, to discriminate the potential causes according to the World Endoscopý Organization (WEO) and to determine its impact in the patient's survival. We studied patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) attended at the gastro-oncology clinic of two institutions of Medellin-Colombia, between January 2012 and December 2021 that had been submitted to a colonoscopy between 6-36 months before the colonoscopy in which the CRC was diagnosed. 919 patients during 10 years for CRC, 68 cases of PCCRC (6.9%); It was more frequent in older patients (74 vs. 66 years; p=0.03), with background of adenomatous polyps (36.8% vs. 20.1%; p=0.01) and in right colon (57.4% vs. 40.6%; p=0.006), with a tendency in patients with diverticulosis (41.2% vs. 31.3%; p=0.05) and diabetes (25% vs. 14%; p=0.06); less survival at 5 and 10 years (58% and 55.2% vs. 67% and 63%; p<0.001). According to the WEO, the PCCRC presents in 61.3% because of abnormal findings omitted in inadequate colonoscopies, 29% in a suitable colonoscopy and 9.7% incomplete resections of adenomas. In conclusion, the rate of PCCRC was 6.9% with more propension in older patients, a background of polyp resection, and proximal colon. According to the WEO, the abnormal findings omitted more frequently were related with inadequate colonoscopies. The patients with PCCRC had less survival.