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INTRODUCCIÓN. El cáncer de colon es una neoplasia del tubo digestivo considerada una de las más frecuentes en ambos sexos y que predomina en adultos mayores. OBJETIVO. Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con cáncer de colon. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Población de 1 601 y muestra de 210 datos de Historias Clínicas Electrónicas de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de colon, atendidos por la Unidad de Oncología del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín de la ciudad de Quito en el periodo enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2019. Criterios de inclusión: diagnóstico confirmado de Cáncer de Colon, edad igual o mayor a 18 años, y disponer de todos los datos clínicos requeridos en el estudio. Se utilizó el método de muestreo probabilístico con lo que se estimó una proporción para el estudio con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, un margen de error del 5% y una frecuencia esperada del 3%, de donde se obtuvo una muestra ajustada al 10% de pérdidas. El procesamiento de datos se realizó en los programas Microsoft Excel versión 16 y el Statistical Package for Social Sciences versión 24. RESULTADOS. La mayor presentación fue en adultos mayores de 50 años, con una relación 1:1 en cuanto a sexo, y en la procedencia, se ubicó mayoritariamente en la población de la región Sierra; las personas con una actividad económica de tipo profesional fueron las más afectadas; en lo que se refiere a los antecedentes se encontró mayor relación en los personales y dentro de estos los pólipos; no hubo relación con los antecedentes quirúrgicos ni familiares. El síntoma de debut más prevalente fue el dolor abdominal; la mayoría fueron sometidos a colonoscopia; predominó la lateralidad derecha y el tipo histológico principalmente identificado fue el adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIÓN. No se observó relación estadísticamente significante entre estadíos, evolución y tratamientos instaurados, lo que pudo estar influenciado por el muestreo al azar; y que el 53,30% de los pacientes aún se encuentra en controles.

INTRODUCTION. Colon cancer is a neoplasm of the digestive tract considered one of the most frequent in both sexes and predominantly in older adults. OBJECTIVE. To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Population of 1 601 and sample of 210 data from Electronic Medical Records of patients diagnosed with colon cancer, attended by the Oncology Unit of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín of the city of Quito in the period January 2016 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria: confirmed diagnosis of Colon Cancer, age equal to or older than 18 years, and having all the clinical data required in the study. The probability sampling method was used with which a proportion was estimated for the study with a confidence interval of 95%, a margin of error of 5% and an expected frequency of 3%, from which a 10% loss adjusted sample was obtained. Data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel version 16 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. The greatest presentation was in adults over 50 years of age, with a 1:1 ratio in terms of sex, and in terms of origin, it was mainly located in the population of the Sierra region; people with a professional economic activity were the most affected; in terms of history, a greater relationship was found in personal history and within these, polyps; there was no relationship with surgical or family history. The most prevalent debut symptom was abdominal pain; the majority underwent colonoscopy; right laterality predominated and the histological type mainly identified was adestatistically significant relationship was observed between stages, evolution and treatment, which could be influenced by random sampling; and that 53,30% of the patients are still in controls.

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Objetivo: Analizar las intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con colostomía en el Hospital General Docente Ambato-Ecuador. Método: Descriptiva observacional en 12 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: El 47% del personal de enfermería encuestado si utiliza patrones funcionales para la valoración de su paciente. Conclusión: la recolección de información de las historias clínicas se obtuvo que la mayor parte de los pacientes que presentan colostomía son hombres, bordean una edad superior a los 53 años, y la causa principal son los traumatismos graves, a partir de la encuesta se identificó que la mayor parte del personal de enfermería conoce todo lo relacionado con la colostomía, incluyendo los cuidados, complicaciones, el tipo de bolsa de colostomía que se usa, entre otros.

Objective: To analyze nursing interventions in patients with colostomy at the Hospital General Docente Ambato-Ecuador. Method: Descriptive observational study in 12 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 47% of the nursing staff surveyed used functional patterns for patient assessment. Conclusion: The collection of information from the medical records showed that most of the patients who present colostomy are men, they are over 53 years old, and the main cause is severe trauma, from the survey it was identified that most of the nursing staff knows everything related to colostomy, including care, complications, the type of colostomy bag used, among others.

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Resumen La úlcera rectal solitaria es una patología poco frecuente de naturaleza benigna que debe diferenciarse de otras entidades en su presentación inicial, con mecanismos fisiopatológicos definidos y con sintomatología variada. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 31 años sin antecedentes de importancia, que consultó a nuestra institución por un cuadro de 3 años de sangrado rectal asociado con episodios de diarrea, manejada con múltiples diagnósticos.

Abstract Solitary rectal ulcer is a rare condition of benign nature that must be differentiated from other disorders with defined pathophysiological mechanisms and varied symptoms. The following is the case of a 31-year-old female patient with no relevant history, who consulted our institution due to symptoms of rectal bleeding associated with episodes of diarrhea for three years, who received multiple diagnoses.

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Resumen La colitis isquémica representa la forma más frecuente de isquemia intestinal ( 60-70%) como consecuencia de privación transitoria del flujo vascular por alteraciones anatómicas funcionales, locales o sistémicas. Se presenta el caso clínico de paciente de 70 años de edad procedente de La Paz Bolivia, ciudad a 3 650 m.s.n.m. a quien se diagnosticó colitis isquémica por torsión del eje mesentérico a nivel de colon sigmoides asociado a dolicomegacolon andino, procediendo a colectomía izquierda y anastomosis termino-terminal, con buena evolución.

Abstract Ischaemic colitis represents the most frequent form of intestinal ischaemia (60-70%) as a consequence of transient deprivation of vascular flow due to functional, local or systemic anatomical alterations. We present a case report of a 70-year-old patient from La Paz, Bolivia, a city at an altitude of 3 650 m.a.m.s.l., who was diagnosed with ischaemic colitis as a result of torsion of the mesenteric axis at the level of the sigmoid colon associated with Andean dolichomegacolon, followed by left colectomy and termino-terminal anastomosis, with satisfactory evolution.

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Introducción. Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía se han diseñado como una innovación en salud tras demostrarse que la mejora en los dispositivos médicos y la depuración de técnicas alcanzaron la meseta en disminución de complicaciones. Con estas estrategias de la medicina perioperatoria, en cirugía colorrectal se reducen la morbilidad y estancia hospitalaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si la tasa de adherencia al programa de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS) está asociada con los resultados quirúrgicos. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, retrospectivo de cohorte (2015-2019), en cinco hospitales latinoamericanos certificados por la sociedad ERAS. Se calculó la incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas durante el posquirúrgico inmediato (30 días) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizaron análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariada para evaluar los factores asociados con la tasa de complicaciones. Resultados. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 648 pacientes en cinco hospitales ERAS, con edad promedio de 61 años y mayor porcentaje de hombres (51 %). El cumplimiento global al protocolo ERAS fue de 75 % y la estancia promedio de 6,2 días (mediana: 4 días). Se tuvo un cumplimiento óptimo del protocolo ERAS (igual o mayor al 80 %) en 23,6 % de los pacientes. Se documentó fuga de la anastomosis en 4 %, complicaciones infecciosas en 8,4 %, íleo en 5,7 %, reingreso en 10,2 % y mortalidad de 1,1 %. El análisis multivariado mostró que los niveles de adherencia óptima al protocolo ERAS reducen significativamente la aparición de complicaciones como fuga de la anastomosis (OR 0,08; IC95% 0,01-0,48; p=0,005) y complicaciones infecciosas (OR 0,17; IC95%0,03-0,76; p=0,046).Discusión. Los resultados sugieren que un cumplimiento del programa ERAS mayor al 80 % se asocia a menor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes con cirugía electiva colorrectal

Introduction. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been designed as an innovation in health after demonstrating that the improvement in medical devices and the refinement of techniques reached the plateau in reducing complications. With these strategies of perioperative medicine, in colorectal surgery morbidity and hospital stay are reduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the rate of adherence to the ERAS protocol is associated with surgical outcomes.Methods. Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study (2015-2019), in five Latin American hospitals certified by the ERAS Society. The incidence of surgical complications during the immediate postoperative period (30 days) and length of hospital stay were calculated. Bivariate analyzes and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with complication rates.Results. 648 patients were included in the study in five ERAS hospitals, with an average age of 61 years and a higher percentage of men (51%). Overall compliance with the ERAS protocol was 75% and the average stay was 6.2 days (median: 4 days). There was optimal compliance with the ERAS protocol (equal to or greater than 80%) in 23.6% of the patients. Anastomotic leak was documented in 4%, infectious complications in 8.4%, ileus in 5.7%, readmission in 10.2%, and mortality in 1.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that optimal adherence levels to the ERAS protocol significantly reduce the appearance of complications such as anastomotic leakage (OR 0.08; 95%CI 0.01-0.48; p=0.005) and infectious complications (OR 0.17; 95%CI 0.03-0.76; p=0.046).Discussion. The results suggest that compliance with the ERAS program greater than 80% is associated with a lower frequency of complications in patients with elective colorectal surgery

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Introducción. El cáncer de colon es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. En Colombia se presentan cerca de 145,600 casos nuevos al año. Cada vez son más los reportes de este tipo de patologías intervenidas por vía laparoscópica, aunque son pocos en Colombia. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el abordaje de esta patología mediante un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo: la colectomía derecha por vía laparoscópica, el cual es poco utilizado en el país. Caso clínico. Paciente de 86 años que consulta por pérdida de peso, adinamia y dolor abdominal en flanco derecho. Presenta además anemia ferropénica y sangre oculta en materia fecal. Las endoscopias digestivas muestran lesión ulcerada vegetante de aspecto neoplásico a nivel del ciego. La biopsia revela adenocarcinoma infiltrante moderadamente diferenciado con áreas de necrosis. Se realiza una colectomía derecha por técnica laparoscópica. Se hace seguimiento con neoadyuvancia por parte de Oncología Clínica. Discusión. El adenocarcinoma es uno de los cánceres primarios más comunes en el colon. La resección quirúrgica es una excelente alternativa para el manejo y tratamiento de estos tumores. En Colombia, la mayoría de estas resecciones se realizan por vía abierta. La resección por vía laparoscópica es un método que demuestra similar eficacia, ofreciendo una disminución en la respuesta inflamatoria, con mejor control del dolor y limitaciones funcionales. Conclusiones. La colectomía por vía laparoscópica para resección de tumores de colon es un método seguro, eficaz y reproducible. Sin embargo, exige tecnología de alto costo y debe ser realizada por un grupo quirúrgico con habilidad y experiencia en sutura manual laparoscópica. Cómo citar: López-Gómez LE, Dominguez ­ Alvarado GA, D ́vera Camargo D, Lozano-Eslava LA, Martínez-Rojas PA. Hemicolectomía radical laparoscópica: opción de mínima invasión para el cáncer de colon. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 281-287. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3829

Introduction. Colon cancer is one of the main causes of morbimortality in the world. Colombia counts near 145,600 new cases per year. The reports of laparoscopic intervention in this pathology are growing, but in Colombia there is little recent work on the matter. The aim of this article is to show how this pathology can be addressed through a minimally invasive procedure, laparoscopic right colectomy, which is not frequently used in the country. Clinical case. An 86-year-old patient consults due to weight loss, adynamia and abdominal pain on right side. Iron-deficiency anemia and hidden blood in feces was reported. The digestive endoscopies show the presence of a vegetant and ulcerated lesion of neoplastic appearance in the cecum. A biopsy revealed a moderately differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma with areas of necrosis. A laparoscopic right colectomy is conducted. Definitive report of moderately differentiated and ulcerated, invasive, mucinous adenocarcinoma, with lesion up to the serous membrane. Follow up is conducted with neoadjuvant therapy by the Clinical Oncology service. Discussion. Adenocarcinoma is one of the most common primary cancers in the colon. Surgical still an excellent alternative for the management of this kind of tumor. In Colombia, the majority of these resections are carried out by open surgery. However, laparoscopic resection is a method that offers similar outcomes to the traditional procedure, while providing a reduction in the inflammatory response, with better pain control and control of functional limitations. Conclusions. Laparoscopic colectomy for the resection of colonic tumors is a safe, effective and reproducible method. However, it requires high-cost technology and it must be conducted by a surgical team skilled and experienced in manual laparoscopic suturing.Cómo citar: López-Gómez LE, Dominguez ­ Alvarado GA, D ́vera Camargo D, Lozano-Eslava LA, Martínez-Rojas PA. Hemicolectomía radical laparoscópica: opción de mínima invasión para el cáncer de colon. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 281-287. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3829

Introdução. O câncer de cólon é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. Na Colômbia, há uma incidência aproximada de 145,600 casos novos por ano. Na Colômbia existam poucos trabalhos recentes sobre este tipo de procedimentos. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a abordagem de o adenocarcinoma de cólon, através de um procedimento minimamente invasivo: a colectomia direita pela via laparoscópica, pouco utilizada no país. Caso clínico. Paciente de 86 anos que apresenta perda de peso, adinamia e dor abdominal no flanco direito, anemia ferropriva e sangue oculto nas fezes. As endoscopias digestivas evidenciam a presença de uma lesão ulcerada vegetante com aparência neoplásica no nível do ceco. A biópsia revelou adenocarcinoma infiltrante moderadamente diferenciado com áreas de necrose. As imagens de extensão mostram um efeito de massa intraluminal ao nível do ceco com adenomegalia pericecal. Realizou-se uma colectomia direita laparoscópica. Relato definitivo de adenocarcinoma mucinoso infiltrante moderadamente diferenciado e ulcerado, com comprometimento da serosa. O serviço de Oncologia Clínica fez o acompanhamento neoadjuvante. Discussão. O adenocarcinoma é um dos cânceres primários mais comuns no cólon. A ressecção cirúrgica continua sendo uma excelente alternativa para a gestão e tratamento deste tipo de tumores. Na Colômbia, a maioria dessas ressecções é realizada pela via aberta. A ressecção pela via laparoscópica é um método que oferece ressecções semelhantes às do procedimento tradicional, apresentando diminuição da resposta inflamatória, com melhor controle da dor e das limitações funcionais. Conclusão. A colectomia pela via laparoscópica para ressecção de tumores de cólon é um método seguro, eficaz e reprodutível. No entanto, requer tecnologia de alto custo e deve ser realizada por um grupo cirúrgico com habilidade e experiência em sutura manual laparoscópica. Cómo citar: López-Gómez LE, Dominguez ­ Alvarado GA, D ́vera Camargo D, Lozano-Eslava LA, Martínez-Rojas PA. Hemicolectomía radical laparoscópica: opción de mínima invasión para el cáncer de colon. MedUNAB. 2020;23(2): 281-287. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3829

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinical disorder associated with high socioeconomic burden. Despite its importance, management of IBS remains difficult and several interventions have been hypothesized as beneficial for this condition. This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) about the effects of interventions for managing IBS patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, carried out in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: Review of Cochrane SRs addressing interventions for IBS. RESULTS: We included six SRs assessing acupuncture, bulking agents, antispasmodics, antidepressants, herbal medicines, homeopathy, hypnotherapy and psychological therapy for IBS. The certainty of evidence ranged from unknown to moderate, mainly due to imprecision in the estimates and high risk of bias from the primary studies included. There was moderate certainty of evidence that acupuncture had no important benefit regarding improvement of symptoms and quality of life, compared with sham acupuncture. There was also very low certainty of evidence that homeopathic asafoetida, used alone or in association with nux, was better than placebo regarding self-reported overall improvement. CONCLUSION: There was moderate certainty of evidence that acupuncture had no important benefit regarding improvement of symptoms and quality of life. Further well-designed and well-conducted randomized clinical trials are needed in order to reduce the uncertainties regarding the most commonly used interventions for patients with IBS.

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Diverticulosis and diverticular disease of the colon are common conditions in Western countries. The incidence and prevalence of these diseases are increasing and becoming significant for health systems. A growing body of knowledge is shifting the paradigm of the pathogenesis and treatment of diverticular disease. Low-grade inflammation, altered intestinal microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, and abnormal colonic motility have been identified as factors leading to diverticular disease. The risk of developing diverticulitis among individuals with diverticulosis is lower than 10 to 25%. Studies indicate that diverticular disease may become a chronic disorder in some patients, not merely an acute illness. Contrary to the advice from international guidelines, studies have not shown that a high-fiber diet protects against diverticulosis. The evidence about the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated diverticulitis is sparse and of low quality. In relation to surgery, studies support a more conservative approach to prophylactic surgery in patients with recurrent disease or chronic symptoms. Finally, new pathophysiological knowledge suggests that other treatments may be useful (mesalamine, rifaximin and probiotics). However, more research is necessary to validate the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these strategies.

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Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the colon, with alternating periods of remission and activity. Exacerbations can be severe and associated with complications and mortality. Diagnosis of severe UC is based on clinical, biochemical and endoscopic variables. Patients with severe UC must be hospitalized. First line therapy is the use of intravenous corticoids which achieve clinical remission in most patients. However, 25% of patients will be refractory to corticoids, situation that should be evaluated at the third day of therapy. In patients without response, cytomegalovirus infection must be quickly ruled out to escalate to second line therapy with biological drugs or cyclosporine. Total colectomy must not be delayed if there is no response to second line therapy, if there is a contraindication for second line therapies or there are complications such as: megacolon, perforation or massive bleeding. An active management with quick escalation on therapy allows to decrease the prolonged exposure to corticoids, reduce colectomy rates and its perioperative complications.

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INTRODUCTION: Toxic megacolon (MT) is a potentially lethal complication of inflammatory, ischemic and infectious colitis. Usually it is related to ulcerative nonspecific colitis or Crohn disease. Recently it has been observed an increased in pseudomembranous colitis as cause of TM. The aim of this study is to describe the frequency, clinical evolution and prognosis of patients with TM. METHODS: Retrospective study, from January 2009 to January 2014 1500 patients were hospitalized in the Department of Coloproctology. We included 13 of 1500 patients with diagnosis of TM according to Jalan criteria and surgically corroborated. To determine the averages descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS: We studied 13 patients with TM (79.9% male and 20.1% female), the average age was 47.69±18.3 years. The most frequently associated diseases were: nonspecific ulcerative colitis (30.8%), pseudomembranous colitis (30.8%), neutropenic colitis (23.1%), Crohn Disease (7.7%) and ischemic colitis (7.7%). Subtotal colectomy plus terminal ileostomy was done in 84.6%, extended right hemicolectomy with ileostomy plus mucous fistula in 7.7% and extended right hemicolectomy with ileostomy plus Hartmann pouch in 7.7%. The mortality was 61.5%. The prevalence in the 5 years was 13 of 1500 (0.86%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of TM is low with a high mortality. A prompt diagnosis and treatment can improve the poor prognosis in these patients.

Introducción: el megacolon tóxico (MT) es una complicación potencialmente mortal de la colitis infl amatoria, isquémica e infecciosa. Usualmente se relaciona con la colitis ulcerosa inespecífica y la colitis de Crohn. Recientemente, se ha observado un repunte de la colitis pseudomembranosa como causa del MT. El objetivo fue describir la frecuencia, evolución clínica y pronóstico de los pacientes con MT.Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de enero de 2009 a enero de 2014 se hospitalizaron 1500 pacientes en el departamento de Coloproctología. De estos pacientes, se incluyeron a 13 de ellos con diagnóstico de MT de acuerdo a los criterios de Jalan y corroborados por cirugía. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva.Resultados: se estudiaron 13 pacientes con MT. Las enfermedades más frecuentemente asociadas al MT fueron: colitis ulcerosa inespecífica, colitis pseudomembranosa y colitis neutropénica, enfermedad de Crohn y colitis isquémica. En el 84.6 % se realizó colectomía subtotal más ileostomía terminal; hemicolectomía derecha extendida con ileostomía más fístula mucosa en el 7.7 %, y hemicolectomía derecha extendida con ileostomía más bolsa de Hartmann en el 7.7 %. La mortalidad fue del 61.5 %. La prevalencia en los 5 años fue de 13/1500 pacientes (0.86 %).Conclusiones: la prevalencia del MT es baja, con alta mortalidad. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos puede mejorar el mal pronóstico de estos pacientes.

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A doença diverticular constitui uma das afecções benignas mais frequentes e ocasiona elevada morbidade para o paciente. Várias complicações são advindas dessa doença, e em determinadas situações elas apresentam significativa gravidade. Contudo, essa afecção é, na maioria das vezes, assintomática e poucos indivíduos estão cientes desua existência. Na vigência de inflamação dos divertículos, os pacientes procuram atendimentos de urgência com sintomatologia de diverticulite aguda. Cabe ao clínico proceder com avaliação clínica detalhada, propedêutica eficiente e instituição de terapêutica adequada. Ainda, torna-se essencial discernir sobre a necessidade da abordagem cirúrgica. Esse artigo objetiva contribuir para a atualização do conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico e o tratamento da doença diverticular e diverticulite aguda...

Diverticular disease is one of the most frequent benign diseases, with high patient morbidity. Several complications can arise from it and in certain cases they can be very severe. However, this condition is most often asymptomatic and few individuals are aware of its existence. In the presence of diverticular inflammation patients seek emergency services with symptoms of acute diverticulitis. It is up to the clinician to proceed with a detailed clinical assessment, efficient workup and start adequatetherapy. Additionally, it is essential to discern the need for a surgical approach. This article aims to contribute with an update on the diagnosis and treatment of acute diverticulitis and diverticular disease...

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Context Data on vascular alterations in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertensive colopathy and changes in these after surgery to decrease portal hypertension are limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyse the alterations of portal hypertensive colopathy previously and 6-12 months after splenectomy and gastric devascularization. Methods Twelve patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis who also had upper gastrointestinal bleeding were studied prospectively. Their endoscopic findings before and 6-12 months after the surgery were analysed. In addition, mucosal biopsies from ascending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum at these time points were subjected to histological and histomorphometric assessment. It was used a control group due to lack of normal pattern of the histomorphometric measures of vessels in individuals without portal hypertension. The critical level of significance adopted in all tests was of a maximum probability error of 5%. Results Surgery did not lead to significant improvement in histological and endoscopic findings. However, on histomorphometry, there was a significant decrease in the area, diameter and thickness of the vessels in mucosa at all colonic sites. Conclusion Surgery for decompression of schistosomal portal hypertension has a beneficial effect on the associated colopathy, being best indicated in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and esophageal varices. .

Contexto Dados em relação às alterações vasculares em pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e colopatia hipertensiva portal e suas modificações após cirurgia para atenuação da hipertensão portal são restritos. Objetivo Analisar as alterações da colopatia hipertensiva portal antes e seis a 12 meses após a esplenectomia e desvascularização gástrica. Métodos Foram estudados prospectivamente 12 pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e antecedente de hemorragia digestiva alta. Os achados colonoscópicos antes e após 6 a 12 meses após a cirurgia foram analisados. Nesses períodos, biopsias da mucosa do cólon ascendente, sigmóide e reto foram encaminhadas para análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Foi utilizado um grupo controle pela falta de padrão de normalidade das medidas histomorfométricas das vênulas do cólon e reto em indivíduos sem hipertensão portal. O nível de significância crítica adotado em todos os testes foi de probabilidade máxima de erro de 5%. Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes na intensidade das alterações endoscópicas e histológicas nos vasos da mucosa do cólon e reto após a cirurgia. Entretanto, houve decréscimo estatisticamente significante nas áreas, diâmetros e espessuras dos vasos estudados através da histomorfometria. Conclusão Cirurgia para descompressão da hipertensão portal esquistossomótica tem efeito benéfico na colopatia associada, sendo bem indicada nos pacientes com hemorragia digestive alta e varizes esofágicas. .

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A doença inflamatória intestinal idiopática (DII) representa um grupo de condições inflamatórias crônicas, resultantes de ativação persistente e inadequada do sistema imune mucoso. Além dos sintomas intestinais característicos, as DII podem se manifestar através de uma série de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI). Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência das MEI das doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe; diagnosticar as MEI das DII; instituir o tratamento adequado dos pacientes portadores dessas manifestações. Métodos: Foi aplicado um protocolo para diagnóstico das MEI; quando necessário os pacientes foram encaminhados para as respectivas especialidades. Resultados: Foram catalogados 49 pacientes portadores de DII; destes, 41 (83,6 por cento) apresentaram MEI. As MEI reumatológicas foram as mais frequentes, acometendo 35 pacientes. O restante das MEI foram assim distribuídas: um caso de MEI dermatológica; um caso de MEI urológica; um caso MEI pneumológica; quatro casos de MEI oftalmológicas; oito casos de MEI hepáticas. Conclusões: As MEI têm alta incidência (I=83,6 por cento) entre os pacientes portadores de DII; as MEI tiveram incidência semelhante entre os pacientes portadores de retocolite ulceratica idiopática e de Crohn; o início das MEI foi mais comum após o diagnóstico da DII; a classe de MEI mais prevalente foi a reumatológica (P=71,4 por cento).

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic inflammatory conditions, resulting from persistent and inappropriate activation of mucosal immune system. Besides the typical intestinal symptoms, the IBD can manifest itself through a series of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of EIM in the Hospital Universitario of Universidade Federal de Sergipe; to diagnose EIM of IBD; to institute the appropriate treatment of patients with these manifestations. Methods: We applied a protocol for diagnosis of EIM; when necessary, patients were referred to their specialities. Results: We categorized 49 patients with IBD, whose 41 (83.6 percent) had EIM. The rheumatologics EIM were the most frequent, affecting 35 patients. The others EIM were distributed as follows: one case of dermatological EIM; one case of urologic EIM, one case of pulmonology EIM, four cases of ophthalmic EIM; eight cases of hepatic EIM. Conclusions: The EIM have a high incidence (I=83.6 percent) among patients with IBD; the EIM had similar incidence among patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The beginning of EIM was more common after the diagnosis of IBD; the rheumatologic EIM was most prevalent (P=71.4 percent).

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Objetivos: relatar um caso de tuberculose intestinal e enfatizar a necessidade e a dificuldade do diagnóstico diferencialcom neoplasia de cólon.Descrição do caso: uma paciente feminina de 52 anos teve uma lesão colônica diagnosticada por colonoscopiae biópsia, sugerindo adenocarcinoma. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico e o diagnóstico final foi de tuberculoseintestinal. A paciente era imunocompetente, tendo sido indicado tratamento com tuberculostáticos.Conclusões: achados endoscópicos e histopatológicos pré-operatórios devem ser interpretados cuidadosamente esempre correlacionados com o contexto clínico. O diagnóstico diferencial das lesões colônicas deve incluir neoplasiasmalignas e outras possíveis etiologias, como a tuberculose extrapulmonar.

Aims: To report a case of intestinal tuberculosis and emphasize the necessity and difficulty of differential diagnosiswith colonic cancer.Case description: A female patient of 52 years had a colonic lesion diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy, suggestingadenocarcinoma. Surgical treatment was performed and the final diagnosis was intestinal tuberculosis. The patientwas immunocompetent, and tuberculostatic treatment was indicated.Conclusions: Endoscopic and histological preoperative must be interpreted cautiously and always correlated with theclinical context. The differential diagnosis of colonic lesions should include malignant neoplasms and other possibleetiologies, such as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Adenocarcinoma colorretal com células em anel de sinete é uma variante do adenocarcinoma mucinoso. Esse tipo de neoplasia é comum em pacientes com idade avançada, sendo raro em crianças, sendo geralmente diagnosticado em estágios avançados. Apresenta pior prognóstico e baixa taxa de sobrevida em cinco anos. O diagnóstico é realizado por exame anatomopatológico associado a exames de imagem e quadro clínico evolutivo. Apresenta-se e discute-se um caso de adenocarcinoma colorretal com células em anel de sinete em um paciente de 14 anos.

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells is a mucinous variant of adenocarcinoma. This type of neoplasm is common in patients with advanced age, being sufficiently uncommon in children and diagnosied in advanced periods of training already, presenting one worse prognostic and supervened tax of below five year. The diagnostic is carried through anatomy-pathological examination, associate the image examinations and picture physician-evolution. We present and we argue a case report of colorectal adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells in a patient of fourteen years.

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Objetivo: Relatar nossa experiência em cirurgia laparoscópica de cólon e analisar os resultados comparando-os à literatura. Métodos: Analisamos retrospectivamente entre novembro de 1995 e outubro de 2006, 120 pacientes submetidos à ressecções laparoscópicas de cólon. A indicação cirúrgica incluiu 65 pacientes com neoplasia, 50 com doença diverticular dos cólons, três com constipação intestinal crônica intensa, um com Doença de Crohn e um com tuberculose intestinal. Todos os pacientes foram operados eletivamente e analisados quanto ao resultado cirúrgico e suas complicações, número de conversões, reoperações, morbimortalidade e tempo de internação hospitalar. Resultados: As complicações intra-operatórias totalizaram 4% (5/120) dos casos. A taxa de conversão foi de 9% (11/120). Reoperação foi necessária em 6% (7/120) dos pacientes. A deiscência de anastomoseocorreu em 6,5% dos casos (8/120) e a mortalidade geral foi de 2,5% (3/120). O tempo médio de internação foi de 8,2 dias. Conclusão: A colectomia laparoscópica apresenta taxas aceitáveis de complicação e conversão para cirurgia aberta. Além das vantagens da laparoscopia em diminuir a dor pós-operatória e melhorar o resultado estético, destacam-se o retorno precoce da função intestinal e um número menor de infecções de sítio operatório.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulmonary function after open subcostal cholecystectomy under action of morphine in the immediate postoperative period. METHODS: This was a prospective study in which the postoperative spirometric studies of fifteen patients who underwent open subcostal cholecystectomies received peridural morphine anesthesia. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared using a paired student-t test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Significant differences were shown for the Forced Vital Capacity variable (p = 0.007) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (p = 0.008) comparing the preoperative and immediate postoperative period, indicating restrictive ventilatory disturbances. All patients presented normal spirometric studies in the third postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Even under action of morphine peridural analgesia, in the immediate postoperative period, light restrictive post-cholecystectomy ventilatory disturbances were observed. However, it was observed a fast recovery after morphine peridural analgesia for pulmonary function, which may lower postoperative pulmonary morbidity.

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Desde 1960 houve grande avanço tecnológico na observação do aparelho digestivo com o advento dos endoscópiosflexíveis, usados inicialmente para o trato digestivo superior e posteriormente também para o inferior, permitindo diagnósticos mais precisos e realização do tratamento em alguns casos. Mesmo em situações de urgência a colonoscopia pode ser utilizada como primeira escolha podendo ser diagnóstica e terapêutica. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar quais foram os resultados principais das colonoscopias realizadas no Setor de Endoscopia Digestiva do Hospital Regional de Mato Grosso do Sul. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 290 pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia no Serviço de EndoscopiaDigestiva do Hospital Regional do Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de novembro de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, caráter de indicação do exame (urgência e eletiva) e diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 52 anos, variando de 15 a 92 anos. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (56,5%). Dos 290 exames realizados no período foram constatados 48,5% (n=141) de colonoscopias com diagnóstico normal. Dentre os anormais houve uma prevalência de doença diverticular dos colos (n=56), seguido de pólipos (n=37), doenças inflamatórias (n=31), neoplasias (n=18) e angiodisplasia (n=7). Os pólipos apresentaram uma maior concentração em colo sigmóide (n=18) seguido pelo colo descendente e reto. Asdoenças inflamatórias apresentaram como diagnóstico colonoscópio, colite actínica (n=11) seguida por retite actínica (n=7) e retite inespecífica (n=7). Houve um maior número de procedimentos oriundos do ambulatório (73%) em contraste com internados(20%) e provenientes do Pronto Socorro (7%). CONCLUSÃO: A doença diverticular e os pólipos foram os diagnósticos preponderantes, pois a maior indicação foi a hemorragia digestiva...

Since 1960 it there was a great technological breakthrough, including the observation of the digestive system with the advent of flexible endoscopy. Initially used to the upper digestive tract and subsequently to the colon, allowing more accurate diagnoses and, in some cases, the complete treatment. Even in urgency situations, colonoscopy can be used as first choice and work as a diagnostic tool or eve the therapeutic procedure. AIM: This study analyzed the results of colonoscopy held in the Digestive Endoscopy unit at the Hospital Regional Rosa Pedrossian in Mato Grosso do Sul. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was performed a colonoscopy in 290 patients at the unit of Digestive Endoscopy in the Hospital Regional of Mato Grosso do Sul, in during november 2006 until august 2007. The results were analyzed and verified the following variables: sex, age, solicitation as elective or emergency and diagnosis. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 92 years old and the mean age was 52 years. Most of the patients were female (56.5%). The colonoscopy tests showed that 48.5% (n=141) were normal. Among the abnormal there were a prevalence of colon diverticulum (n = 56), followed by polyps (n = 37), inflammatory diseases (n = 31), cancer (n = 18) and angiodisplasy (n = 7). Polyps most usual place were in colorectal sigmoid (n = 18) followed by colorectal downward and rectum. The inflammatory diseases were shown as actinic colitis (n = 11) followed by actinic proctitte (n = 7) and nonspecific proctite (n = 7). There was a higherprevalence of procedures from the ambulatory 73%, interns 20% and from the emergency room 7%. CONCLUSION: The predominant diagnosis was diverticulum disease, followed by polyps. Digestive hemorrhage was the main signal noticed by the doctors who asked for the exam. With a high incidence of polyps, and mostly in sigmoid, just evidenced the how important the retosigmoidoscopy is...

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Se realizó un pesquizaje masivo personal mayor de 35 años que asistió al Instituto Superior de Medicina Militar "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" exámen medico de control de salud a través de la detección de sangre oculta en heces fecales por técnica inmunoenzimática (ELISA) De un total de 408 individuos, 39 fueron positivos, de los que se estudiaron 21 con un examen que incluyó el estudio endoscópico del colon. Los hallazgos más importantes fueron los pólipos de sigmoides y recto (33,3%), diverticulosis del colon (33,3 %) y angiodisplasia (13,3 %). Seis sujetos resultaron ser falsos positivos. A los pacientes portadores de pólipos del colon se les realizó polipectomía endoscópica y en su totalidad resultaron ser adenomas de tipo tubular. Se demostró la utilidad del método empleado para la detección de lesiones premalignas del colon en personas asintomáticas.

A mass screening was conducted among the military personnel over 35 that attended the "Dr. Luis Diaz Soto" Higher Institute of Military Medicine to uhave a checkup. Fecal occult blood was detected by the inmunoenzimatic technique (ELISA). Of a total of 408 individuals, 39 were positive of whom 21 were examined, including the endoscopic study of the colon. The most important findings were: polyps in the signoid colon and rectum (33.3 %), diverticulosis (33.3 %) and angiodisplasia (13.3 %). 6 subjects were false positive. Those patients carrying colon polyps underwent endoscopic polypectomy and all of them proved to be tubular adenomas. It was shown the usefulness of this method to detect colon premalignant lesions in asymptomatic persons.