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The escalating emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere require the urgent development of technologies aimed at mitigating environmental impacts. Among these, aqueous amine solutions and polymeric membranes, such as cellulose acetate and polyimide are commercial technologies requiring improvement or substitution to enhance the economic and energetic efficiency of CO2 separation processes. Ionic liquids and poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) are candidates to replace conventional CO2 separation technologies. PILs are a class of materials capable of combining the favorable gas affinity exhibited by ionic liquids (ILs) with the processability inherent in polymeric materials. In this context, the synthesis of the IL GLYMIM[Cl] was performed, followed by ion exchange processes to achieve GLYMIM variants with diverse counter anions (NTf2-, PF6-, and BF4). Subsequently, PIL membranes were fabricated from these tailored ILs and subjected to characterization, employing techniques such as SEC, FTIR, DSC, TGA, DMA, FEG-SEM, and CO2 sorption analysis using the pressure decay method. Furthermore, permeability and ideal selectivity assessments of CO2/CH4 mixture were performed to derive the diffusion and solubility coefficients for both CO2 and CH4. PIL membranes exhibited adequate thermal and mechanical properties. The PIL-BF4 demonstrated CO2 sorption capacities of 33.5 mg CO2/g at 1 bar and 104.8 mg CO2/g at 10 bar. Furthermore, the PIL-BF4 membrane exhibited permeability and ideal (CO2/CH4) selectivity values of 41 barrer and 44, respectively, surpassing those of a commercial cellulose acetate membrane as reported in the existing literature. This study underscores the potential of PIL-based membranes as promising candidates for enhanced CO2 capture technologies.

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In this research, we explore the potential of employing density functional theory (DFT) for the design of biodegradable hydrogels aimed at capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. We employed biodegradable hydrogel models, including polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, and poly-2-hydroxymethacrylate. The complexation process between the hydrogel and CO2 was thoroughly investigated at the ωB97X-D/6-311G(2d,p) theoretical level. Our findings reveal a strong affinity between the hydrogel models and CO2, with binding energies ranging from -4.5 to -6.5 kcal/mol, indicative of physisorption processes. The absorption order observed was as follows: chitosan > PVP > HEAC > PEG. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters substantiated this sequence and even suggested that these complexes remain stable up to 160 °C. Consequently, these polymers present a promising avenue for crafting novel materials for CO2 capture applications. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to optimize the design of these materials and assess their performance across various environmental conditions.

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A composite material composed of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO), carbon (C), and magnesium oxide (MgO) was developed for CO2 capture applications. Inspired by the bryophyte organism, the AAO/C/MgO composite mirrors two primary features of these species-(1) morphological characteristics and (2) elemental composition-specifically carbon, oxygen, and magnesium. The synthesis process involved two sequential steps: electroanodization of aluminum foil followed by a hydrothermal method using a mixture of glucose and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). The concentration of MgCl2 was systematically varied as the sole experimental variable across five levels-1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM, and 5 mM-to investigate the impact of MgO formation on the samples' chemical and physical properties, and consequently, their CO2 capture efficiency. Thus, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the AAO substrate's porous structure, with pore diameters measuring 250 ± 30 nm. The growth of MgO on the AAO substrate resulted in spherical structures, whose diameter expanded from 15 nm ± 3 nm to 1000 nm ± 250 nm with increasing MgCl2 concentration from the minor to major concentrations explored, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that carbon serves as a linking agent between AAO and MgO within the composite. Notably, the composite synthesized with a 4 mM MgCl2 concentration exhibited the highest CO2 capture efficiency, as determined by UV-Vis absorbance studies using a sodium carbonate solution as the CO2 source. This efficiency was quantified with a 'k' constant of 0.10531, significantly higher than those of other studied samples. The superior performance of the 4 mM MgCl2 sample in CO2 capture is likely due to the optimal density of MgO structures formed on the sample's surface, enhancing its adsorptive capabilities as suggested by the XPS results.

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The need to find alternative materials to replace aqueous amine solutions for the capture of CO2 in post-combustion technologies is pressing. This study assesses the CO2 sorption capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity of three dicationic ionic liquids with distinct anions immobilized in commercial mesoporous silica support (SBA- 15). The samples were characterized by UART-FTIR, NMR, Raman, FESEM, TEM, TGA, Magnetometry (VSM), BET and BJH. The highest CO2 sorption capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity were obtained for sample SBA@DIL_2FeCl4 [at 1 bar and 25 °C; 57.31 (±0.02) mg CO2/g; 12.27 (±0.72) mg CO2/g]. The results were compared to pristine SBA-15 and revealed a similar sorption capacity, indicating that the IL has no impact on the CO2 sorption capacity of silica. On the other hand, selectivity was improved by approximately 3.8 times, demonstrating the affinity of the ionic liquid for the CO2 molecule. The material underwent multiple sorption/desorption cycles and proved to be stable and a promising option for use in industrial CO2 capture processes.

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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology offer promising solution to mitigate the threatening consequences of large-scale anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Within this context, this report investigates the influence of NiO deposition on the Li4SiO4 surface during the CO2 capture process and its catalytic behavior in hydrogen production via dry methane reforming. Results demonstrate that the NiO impregnation method modifies microstructural features of Li4SiO4, which positively impact the CO2 capture properties of the material. In particular, the NiO-Li4SiO4 sample captured twice as much CO2 as the pristine Li4SiO4 material, 6.8 and 3.4 mmol of CO2 per gram of ceramic at 675 and 650 °C, respectively. Additionally, the catalytic results reveal that NiO-Li4SiO4 yields a substantial hydrogen production (up to 55 %) when tested in the dry methane reforming reaction. Importantly, this conversion remains stable after 2.5 h of reaction and is selective for hydrogen production. This study highlights the potential of Li4SiO4 both a support and a captor for a sorption-enhanced dry reforming of methane. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showcasing the effectiveness of Li4SiO4 as an active support for Ni-based catalysis in the dry reforming of methane. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of this composite as a dual-functional material for carbon dioxide capture and conversion.

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The production of low-cost solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has gained massive consideration. Biomass wastes are preferred as precursors for synthesis of CO2 solid adsorbents, due to their high CO2 adsorption efficiency, and ease of scalable low-cost production. This review particularly focuses on waste biomass-derived adsorbents with their CO2 adsorption performances. Specifically, studies related to carbon (biochar and activated carbon) and silicon (silicates and geopolymers)-based adsorbents were summarized. The impact of experimental parameters including nature of biomass, synthesis route, carbonization temperature and type of activation methods on the CO2 adsorption capacities of biomass-derived pure carbon and silicon-based adsorbents were evaluated. The development of various enhancement strategies on biomass-derived adsorbents for CO2 capture and their responsible factors that impact adsorbent's CO2 capture proficiency were also reviewed. The possible CO2 adsorption mechanisms on the adsorbent's surface were highlighted. The challenges and research gaps identified in this research area have also been emphasized, which will help as further research prospects.

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The increase in burning, deforestation, and the exorbitant use of fossil fuels have contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide emissions; this gas is responsible for the intensification of the greenhouse effect and radical climate changes. In this way, it becomes necessary to find alternatives to reduce its emission. Porous carbon materials synthesized from lignocellulosic waste can be employed in technologies for capture and utilization of CO2 due to the advantages such as selectivity, low-cost synthesis, high surface area and pore volume, and thermal and chemical stability. Considering the availability of Brazil nut biomass residues in the Amazon region, this article proposes to synthesize activated carbon from the lignocellulosic residue using physical and chemical activation methods for CO2 capture. The analysis of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms proves the predominance of a microporous structure when using the two synthesis methods described here. In physical activation, the surface area was 912 m2/g, while, in chemical activation, it was 1421 to 2730 m2/g. The sample treated via the chemical method (BS6-K1) showed better performance in CO2 adsorption, with adsorption results of 3.8 and 6 mmol/g of CO2 at 25 ℃ and 0 °C, respectively, at 101 kPa. CO2 adsorption capacity is due to the high volume of ultramicropores. It is believed that the microporous carbon material synthesized from Brazil nut residues is an alternative precursor for carbon materials used as CO2 capture.

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Encapsulated ionic liquids as green solvents for CO2 capture are reported in this work. We present a novel combination of water-based poly(ionic liquid) and imidazolium-based ionic liquids (Emim[X]). Poly(diallyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate)/Emim[X] capsules were developed for the first time using Nano Spray Dryer B-90. Capsules were characterized by FTIR, SEM/EDX, TEM, TGA, DSC, CO2 sorption, and CO2/N2 selectivity, CO2 sorption kinetic and recycling were also demonstrated. Comparing the capsules reported in this work, the combination of poly(diallyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate) and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (P[DADMA]/BF4) showed great potential for CO2 capture and CO2/N2 separation, providing higher results (53.4 mg CO2/g; CO2/N2 selectivity: 4.58).

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The stoichiometry of the components of hexacyanoferrate materials affecting their final porosity properties and applications in CO2 capture is an issue that is rarely studied. In this work, the effect that stoichiometry of all element components and oxidation states of transition metals has on the structures of mesoporous K or Na-cobalt hexacyanoferrates (CoHCFs) and CO2 removal is reported. A series of CoHCFs model systems are synthesized using the co-precipitation method with varying amounts of Co ions. CoHCFs are characterized by N2 adsorption, TGA, FTIR-ATR, XRD, and XPS. N2 adsorption results reveal a more developed external surface area (72.69-172.18 m2/g) generated in samples containing mixtures of K+/Fe2+/Fe3+ ions (system III) compared to samples with Na+/Fe2+ ions (systems I, II). TGA results show that the porous structure of CoHCFs is affected by Fe and Co ions oxidation states, the number of water molecules, and alkali ions. The formation of two crystalline cells (FCC and triclinic) is confirmed by XRD results. Fe and Co oxidation states are authenticated by XPS and allow for the confirmation of charges involved in the stabilization of CoCHFs. CO2 removal capacities (3.04 mmol/g) are comparable with other materials reported. CO2 adsorption kinetics is fast (3-6 s), making CoHCFs attractive for continuous operations. Qst (24.3 kJ/mol) reveals a physical adsorption process. Regeneration effectiveness for adsorption/desorption cycles indicates ~1.6% loss and selectivity (~47) for gas mixtures (CO2:N2 = 15:85). The results of this study demonstrate that the CoHCFs have practical implications in the potential use of CO2 capture and flue gas separations.

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Sanitation equity and climate actions are world concerns stated by the United Nations in the Sustainable Development Goals. A significant source of greenhouse gas emissions is inputted by human wastes, either in developing countries through wastewater treatment plants, or in the underdeveloped world, through anaerobic digestion of fecal sludge in pit latrines. For the first time, an integrated process for CO2 reduction and capture is implemented in a thermally sustainable, latrine-like device that destroys fresh human feces using smoldering combustion, the FeD-Latrine. A gas looping oxidizes combustible gases and creates favorable conditions to capture CO2 in bed. CH4 and H2 molar fractions are decreased around 90 % and 30 %, respectively. CaO used as a sorbent captures up to 8 mmol of CO2 per gram, forming a stable CaCO3. Compared to kinetic-dominant processes for CO2 capture, we obtain an efficiency of around 52 %. Our findings show that using the FeD-Latrine to replace typical pit latrines reduces 60 % of the CO2-eq emissions.

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The most practical and economical way to combat the problems derived from CO2 corrosion (sweet corrosion) is the use of corrosion inhibitors of organic origin. Its main protection mechanism is based on its ability to adsorb on the metal surface, forming a barrier between the metal surface and the aggressive medium. However, despite its excellent performance, its inhibition efficiency can be compromised with the increase in temperature as well as the shear stresses. In this study, the use of an inorganic inhibitor is proposed that has not been considered as an inhibitor of sweet corrosion. The reported studies are based on using LaCl3 as a corrosion inhibitor. Its behavior was evaluated on 1018 carbon steel using electrochemical measurements, such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, open-circuit potential measurements, linear polarization resistance measurements, and electrochemical impedance. The results showed an inhibition efficiency of the sweet corrosion process greater than 95%, and that the inhibition mechanism was different from the classic corrosion process in CO2-free electrolytes. In this case, it was observed that the inhibitory capacity of the La3+ cations is based on a CO2-capture process and the precipitation of a barrier layer of lanthanum carbonate (La2(CO3)3).

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The alarming levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) are an environmental problem that affects the economic growth of the world. CO2 emissions represent penalties and restrictions due to the high carbon footprint. Therefore, sustainable strategies are required to reduce the negative impact that occurs. Among the potential systems for CO2 capture are microalgae. These are defined as photosynthetic microorganisms that use CO2 and sunlight to obtain oxygen (O2) and generate value-added products such as biofuels, among others. Despite the advantages that microalgae may present, there are still technical-economic challenges that limit industrial-scale commercialization and the use of biomass in the production of added-value compounds. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of research on CO2 capture with microalgae, for which bibliometric analysis was used to establish the trends of the subject in terms of scientometric parameters. Technological advances in the use of microalgal biomass were also identified. Additionally, it was possible to establish the different cooperation networks between countries, which showed interactions in the search to reduce CO2 concentrations through microalgae.

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New organic frameworks (COFs) employing two coronene molecules forced to adopt a parallel conformation thus forming a molecular reactor are proposed. These COFs exhibit different distances between the coronene units, thus creating diverse electronic environments. The simulation of the trapping of CO2 and H2 molecules in the reactor hollow having distinct anchor fragments yields in the two cases formic acid. The analysis of the reaction profile allowed us to propose a thermodynamically favored process. The nature of the frontier molecular orbitals in the involved processes is also discussed. Reaction profile of CO2 and H2 process to yield formic acid.

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The control of pests in agricultural systems is currently based on the widespread use of pesticides that efficiently control pests but have negative effects on the environment and humans. Thus, several studies have been conducted to develop alternative sustainable ways to control pests in agriculture. The use of semiochemicals presents a good alternative to develop a sustainable tool monitoring and control insect pests in crops areas. The dispensing carriers of semiochemicals are typically made of non-degradable material, often petroleum derivatives such as butyl rubber, that become polluting waste after application. To develop a biodegradable and low-cost dispenser for semiochemicals, particles of CaCO3 and a CaCO3/Kraft lignin composite were synthesized using CO2 bubbling, characterized and evaluated for 30 days as a dispenser of the limonene molecule, which is a common semiochemical in plants and also pheromone component is some insect species, such as the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus. Furthermore, limonene is volatile molecule that is easy to acquire and low-cost, which makes it an ideal semiochemical to evaluate the potential of the CaCO3 particles and CaCO3/Kraft lignin composite as a semiochemical dispenser for use in agriculture. The pure calcium carbonate I, pure calcium carbonate II, and composite I synthesized particles presented a larger specific surface area than the other composites. All the particles evaluated showed a slow limonene release rate between the 5th and 30th days evaluated, indicating the potential of these materials as pheromone dispensers. The composites with higher specific surface area, calcium carbonate II (19.5 m2/g) and composite I (23.1 m2/g), released a higher level of limonene during the 30 days evaluated.

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) RIO-13, RIO-12, RIO-11, and RIO-11m were investigated towards their CO2 capture properties by thermogravimetric analysis at 1 atm and 40 °C. These microporous COFs bear in common the azine backbone composed of hydroxy-benzene moieties but differ in the relative number of hydroxyl groups present in each material. Thus, their sorption capacities were studied as a function of their textural and chemical properties. Their maximum CO2 uptake values showed a strong correlation with an increasing specific surface area, but that property alone could not fully explain the CO2 uptake data. Hence, the specific CO2 uptake, combined with DFT calculations, indicated that the relative number of hydroxyl groups in the COF backbone acts as an adsorption threshold, as the hydroxyl groups were indeed identified as relevant adsorption sites in all the studied COFs. Additionally, the best performing COF was thoroughly investigated, experimentally and theoretically, for its CO2 capture properties in a variety of CO2 concentrations and temperatures, and showed excellent isothermal recyclability up to 3 cycles.

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Pelagic Sargassum is considered an ecological plague that is causing adverse economic impacts to the tourist and fishing industries in the Caribbean. However, its proliferation might be playing an important role to reduce global warming, as it removes a high content of CO2 from the atmosphere and transforms it into calcium carbonate, in its calcite phase, producing sediment after it dies. We quantified the amount of calcite in Sargassum samples collected from the Mexican Caribbean coast in 2019. Samples were divided into three parts: vesicles, thallus, and leaves. In each part, the amount of carbon, oxygen, and calcium was determined by means of X-ray energy dispersion to confirm the existence of a calcite crystalline phase. Imaging methodologies and IR spectroscopy complemented the structural studies. The thermogravimetric analysis determined that approximately 5% of the CO2 captured by the Sargassum was converted into calcite. Thus, by extrapolation, the Atlantic Sargasso Belt retained approximately 19.3 million tons of CO2 from 2011 to 2019.

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The microalga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM efficiently captured CO2 from two flue gas streams in a hybrid photobioreactor located in a greenhouse. Uptake rates of CO2, NO, and SO2 from a formulated gas stream were 160.7 mg L-1 day-1, 0.73 mg L-1 day-1, and 1.56 mg L-1 day-1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 100% for all gases. Exhaust gases of a motor generator were also removed with uptake rates of 111.4 mg L-1 day-1, 0.42 mg L-1 day-1, and 0.98 mg L-1 day-1, obtaining removal efficiencies of 77%, 71%, and 53% for CO2, NOx, and SO2, respectively. On average, 61% of the CO2 from both flue gas streams was assimilated as microalgal biomass. The maximum CO2 uptake rate of 182 mg L-1 day-1 was achieved for formulated flue gas flow rate above 100 mL min-1. The biomass recovery of 88% was achieved using a 20-L electro-coagulation-flotation chamber coupled to a settler with a low specific power consumption of 0.27 kWh kg-1. The photobioreactor was operated for almost 7 months without contamination of invasive species or a decrease in the activity. It is a very encouraging result for long-term operation in flue gas treatment.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are among the most studied and promising materials for selective CO2 capture and transformation. The high CO2 sorption capacity associated with the possibility to activate this rather stable molecule through stabilization of ionic/radical species or covalent interactions either with the cation or anion has opened new avenues for CO2 functionalization. However, recent reports have demonstrated that another simpler and plausible pathway is also involved in the sorption/activation of CO2 by ILs associated with basic anions. Bare ILs or IL solutions contain almost invariable significant amounts of water and through interaction with CO2 generate carbonates/bicarbonates rather than carbamic acids or amidates. In these cases, the IL acts as a base and not a nucleophile and yields buffer-like solutions that can be used to shift the equilibrium toward acid products in different CO2 reutilization reactions. In this Minireview, the emergence of IL buffer-like solutions as a new reactivity paradigm in CO2 capture and activation is described and analyzed critically, mainly through the evaluation of NMR data.

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Este trabajo de investigación analiza la estructura del ecosistema de bosque seco tropical en siete segmentos estudiados en el municipio de El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia. Se tiene como objetivo estimar la captura de carbono en el compartimiento fustal, para luego calcular el valor monetario de los servicios ambientales de almacenamiento de CO2. La valoración se realizó utilizando una base de datos construida a partir de un muestreo de árboles por transectos; esto permitió establecer los tipos de especies, densidad, altura comercial y el diámetro a la altura del pecho de la madera. Finalmente se calculó mediante estas variables, el stock de biomasa aérea a través de tres modelos de estimación alométrica. En los resultados se evidencian impactos de origen antropogénico en el bosque, aunque aún hay un número importante de especies nativas; sin embargo estas son principalmente caducifolias, lo que reduce el stock de captura de CO2 debido a los ciclos de defoliación natural. A pesar de esto el ecosistema es un sumidero importante de carbono.

This research analyzes the structure of the tropical dry forest ecosystem in seven segments studied in the Municipality of El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia. The objective was to estimate the carbon capture in the fustal compartment and then calculate the monetary value of the environmental services of CO2 storage. The assessment was carried out using a database designed from the sampling of trees by transects. This allowed establishing types of species, density, commercial height and diameter at breast height of the wood. Finally, the stock of air biomass was calculated by means of these variables through three models of allometric estimation. The results show an impact of anthropogenic origin in the forest although there is still a dignificant number of native species. However, these are maninly caducifolias which reduce the stock of CO2 capture due to natural defoliation cycles. Despite of this, the ecosystem is an important carbon sink.

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Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was obtained from tilapia scales by two extraction methods: direct calcination and acid-base treatment. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained HAps were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, surface area, infrared spectroscopy, and basicity measurement at 298 K by CO2 -pulse titration. Furthermore, the CO2 capture capacity of the solids at high temperature was also determined. Both methods showed the presence of a HAp phase although significant differences in the properties of the solids were found. The HAp obtained by direct calcination, exhibited a lower crystallinity and a greater surface area and basicity than the HAp obtained by the acid-base treatment. These features were correlated with the solid's CO2 capture capacity. In this work, CO2 capture capacity values for HAp yielded by calcination ranged from 2.5 to 3.2 mg CO2 /g captured at 973 K, and for the acid-base treatment-derived HAp, CO2 capture capacity values between 1.2 to 2.5 mg CO2 /g were recorded. These results reveal the potential of HAps extracted from tilapia scales as solids with high CO2 capture capacity, thermal stability, and capture/release cycles reversibility.

Resumen Se obtuvo hidroxiapatita (HAp) de escamas de tilapia por dos métodos de extracción: calcinación directa y tratamiento ácido-base. Las características fisicoquímicas de las HAps obtenidas fueron evaluadas por análisis termogravimétrico, fluorescencia de rayos X, difracción de rayos X, microscopía electrónica de barrido, área superficial, espectroscopia infrarroja y medición de basicidad a 298 K por titulación por pulso de CO2. Adicionalmente, se determinó la capacidad de captura de CO2 de los sólidos a alta temperatura. Ambos métodos mostraron la presencia de una fase de HAp, aunque se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades de los sólidos. La HAp obtenida por calcinación directa exhibió una menor cristalinidad y una mayor área superficial y basicidad que la HAp obtenida con el tratamiento acido-base. Estas características se correlacionaron con la capacidad de captura de CO2 del sólido. En este trabajo, los valores de captura del CO2 con la HAp producidos por calcinación oscilaron entre 2.5 to 3.2 mg CO2/g capturado a 973 K, y con la HAp derivada del tratamiento ácido-base, se registraron valores de captura entre 1.2 to 2.5 mg CO2/g. Estos resultados revelan el potencial de HAps extraídos de escamas de tilapia como sólidos con una alta capacidad de captura de CO2, estabilidad térmica y reversibilidad de los ciclos de captura/liberación.

Resumo A hidroxiapatita (HAp) foi obtida a partir da escama de tilapia usando dois métodos de extração: calcinação direta e tratamento ácido-base. As características físico-químicas das hidroxiapatitas foram avaliadas por análise termogravimétrica, fluorescência de raios-X, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, área superficial, espectroscopia de infravermelho e medição de basicidade a 298 K por titulação de pulso de CO2. Além disso, determinou-se a capacidade de captura de CO2 dos sólidos a alta temperatura. Os dois métodos mostraram a presença da fase HAp, no entanto, diferenças significativas foram encontradas nas propriedades dos sólidos, sendo a HAp obtida por calcinação direta a que apresentou menor cristalinidade, maior área superficial e basicidade, características que foram correlacionadas com a capacidade de captura de CO2. Foram encontrados valores entre 2.5 a 3.2 mg CO2/g capturado a 973 K para a HAp obtida por calcinação e, entre 1.2 a 2.5 mg CO2/g para a HAp obtida por tratamento ácido-base. Isto revelou o potencial de HAp's extraídas da escama de tilapia como sólidos com alta capacidade de captura de CO2, estabilidade térmica e reversibilidade na liberação de CO2.

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