RESUMO
PREMISE: To date, phylogenetic relationships within the monogeneric Brunelliaceae have been based on morphological evidence, which does not provide sufficient phylogenetic resolution. Here we use target-enriched nuclear data to improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the family. METHODS: We used the Angiosperms353 toolkit for targeted recovery of exonic regions and supercontigs (exons + introns) from low copy nuclear genes from 53 of 70 species in Brunellia, and several outgroup taxa. We removed loci that indicated biased inference of relationships and applied concatenated and coalescent methods to infer Brunellia phylogeny. We identified conflicts among gene trees that may reflect hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting events and assessed their impact on phylogenetic inference. Finally, we performed ancestral-state reconstructions of morphological traits and assessed the homology of character states used to define sections and subsections in Brunellia. RESULTS: Brunellia comprises two major clades and several subclades. Most of these clades/subclades do not correspond to previous infrageneric taxa. There is high topological incongruence among the subclades across analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Phylogenetic reconstructions point to rapid species diversification in Brunelliaceae, reflected in very short branches between successive species splits. The removal of putatively biased loci slightly improves phylogenetic support for individual clades. Reticulate evolution due to hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting likely both contribute to gene-tree discordance. Morphological characters used to define taxa in current classification schemes are homoplastic in the ancestral character-state reconstructions. While target enrichment data allows us to broaden our understanding of diversification in Brunellia, the relationships among subclades remain incompletely understood.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular , Hibridização Genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , Fenótipo , FilogeniaRESUMO
La familia Brunelliaceae es reconocida en el Perú con 12 especies en el género Brunellia (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), todas ellas especies arbóreas. Estos taxones endémicos ocupan principalmente la región Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, entre los 1500 y 3000 m de altitud. En el presente trabajo se reconocen siete especies endémicas, asignándose categorías de amenaza de la UICN a tres de ellas. Dos especies endémicas han sido registradas dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
The Brunelliaceae are represented in Peru by 12 species in the genus Brunellia (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), all of them trees. Endemic Brunelliaceae are found in the Very Humid Montane Forests region, between 1500 and 3000 m elevation. Here we recognize seven endemic species, and we applied IUCN categories and criteria to three of them. Two endemic species have been recorded to date from the Peruvian parks system.