RESUMO
ABSTRACT One of the greatest challenges facing humanity is the development of sustainable strategies to ensure food availability in response to population growth and climate change. One approach that can contribute to increase food security is to close yield gaps and enhancing genetic gain; to such end, what is known as "molecular breeding" plays a fundamental role. Since a crop breeding program is mainly based on the quality of the germplasm, its detailed genetic characterization is mandatory to ensure the efficient use of genetic resources and accelerating development of superior varieties. Deep genotyping is an essential tool for a comprehensive characterization of the germplasm of interest and, fortunately, the technology is now accessible at a reasonable cost. What must be ensured is the correct interpretation of the genotypic information and on that basis develop efficient practical molecular crop breeding strategies that respond to the real needs of the breeding program.
RESUMEN Uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad es el desarrollo de estrategias sostenibles para asegurar la disponibilidad de alimentos en respuesta al crecimiento de la población y el cambio climático. Un enfoque que puede contribuir a aumentar la seguridad alimentaria es cerrar las brechas de rendimiento y mejorar la ganancia genética; para tal fin, lo que se conoce como "mejoramiento molecular" juega un papel fundamental. Dado que un programa de mejoramiento de cultivos se basa principalmente en la calidad del germoplasma, su caracterización genética detallada es fundamental para garantizar el uso eficiente de los recursos genéticos y acelerar el desarrollo de variedades superiores. La genotipificación profunda es una herramienta esencial para una caracterización integral del germoplasma de interés y, afortunadamente, en la actualidad se puede acceder a la tecnología a un costo razonable. Lo que debe asegurarse es la interpretación correcta de la información genotípica y sobre esa base desarrollar estrategias eficientes y prácticas de mejoramiento molecular de cultivos que respondan a las necesidades reales del programa de mejoramiento.
RESUMO
This study aimed to validate the use of two SNP markers associated to a sdw1 allele identified previously in a short barley genotype (ND23049) with an adequate peduncle extrusion which reduces predisposition to fungal disease development. First, the GBS SNP were converted in a KASP marker but only one of them, named TP4712, correctly amplified all allelic variations and had a Mendelian segregation in a F2 population. To corroborate the association between TP4712 allele with plant height and peduncle extrusion, a total of 1221 genotypes were genotyped and evaluated for both traits. Out of the 1221 genotypes, 199 were F4 lines, 79 were a diverse panel, and 943 were two complete breeding cohorts of stage 1 yield trials. To corroborate the association between the sdw1 allele and the short plant height with adequate peduncle extrusion, contingency tables were created, grouping the 2427 data points into categories. Based on the contingency analysis, it was demonstrated that the higher proportion of short plants with adequate peduncle extrusion were present in genotypes carrying the SNP allele of ND23049 regardless the population and the sowing date. This study develops a marker-assisted selection tool to accelerate the introgression of favourable alleles for plant height and peduncle extrusion in adapted germplasm. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01371-7.