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Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by alterations in the development of the cerebral cortex, including aberrant changes in the number and function of neural cells. Although neurogenesis is one of the most studied cellular processes in these pathologies, little evidence is known about glial development. Genetic association studies have identified several genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, variations in the PTPRD gene have been associated with numerous brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, restless leg syndrome, and schizophrenia. We previously demonstrated that constitutive loss of PTPRD expression induces significant alterations in cortical neurogenesis, promoting an increase in intermediate progenitors and neurons in mice. However, its role in gliogenesis has not been evaluated. To assess this, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model lacking PTPRD expression in telencephalon cells. Here, we found that the lack of PTPRD in the mouse cortex reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. According to our results, this decrease in gliogenesis resulted from a reduced number of radial glia cells at gliogenesis onset and a lower gliogenic potential in cortical neural precursors due to less activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced expression of gliogenic genes. Our study shows PTPRD as a regulator of the glial/neuronal balance during cortical neurodevelopment and highlights the importance of studying glial development to understand the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases.

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Alcohol hangover is the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration approaches zero. We previously demonstrated that hangover provokes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, imbalance in antioxidant defenses, and impairment in cellular bioenergetics. Chronic and acute ethanol intake induces neuroapoptosis but there are no studies which evaluated apoptosis at alcohol hangover. The aim of the present work was to study alcohol residual effects on intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways in mice brain cortex. Male Swiss mice received i.p. injection of ethanol (3.8 g/kg) or saline. Six hours after injection, at alcohol hangover onset, mitochondria and tissue lysates were obtained from brain cortex. Results indicated that during alcohol hangover a loss of granularity of mitochondria and a strong increment in mitochondrial permeability were observed, indicating the occurrence of swelling. Alcohol-treated mice showed a significant 35% increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a 5-fold increase in the ratio level of cytochrome c between mitochondria and cytosol. Caspase 3, 8 and 9 protein expressions were 32%, 33% and 20% respectively enhanced and the activity of caspase 3 and 6 was 30% and 20% increased also due to the hangover condition. Moreover, 38% and 32% increments were found in PARP1 and p53 protein expression respectively and on the contrary, SIRT-1 was almost 50% lower than controls due to the hangover condition. The present work demonstrates that alcohol after-effects could result in the activation of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.

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Mitochondrial function at synapses can be assessed in isolated nerve terminals. Synaptosomes are structures obtained in vitro by detaching the nerve endings from neuronal bodies under controlled homogenization conditions. Several protocols have been described for the preparation of intact synaptosomal fractions. Herein a fast and economical method to obtain synaptosomes with optimal intrasynaptic mitochondria functionality was described. Synaptosomal fractions were obtained from mouse brain cortex by differential centrifugation followed by centrifugation in a Ficoll gradient. The characteristics of the subcellular particles obtained were analyzed by flow cytometry employing specific tools. Integrity and specificity of the obtained organelles were evaluated by calcein and SNAP-25 probes. The proportion of positive events of the synaptosomal preparation was 75 ± 2 % and 48 ± 7% for calcein and Synaptosomal-Associated Protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), respectively. Mitochondrial integrity was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of cardiolipin content, which indicated that 73 ± 1% of the total events were 10 N-nonylacridine orange (NAO)-positive. Oxygen consumption, ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential determinations showed that mitochondria inside synaptosomes remained functional after the isolation procedure. Mitochondrial and synaptosomal enrichment were determined by measuring synaptosomes/ homogenate ratio of specific markers. Functionality of synaptosomes was verified by nitric oxide detection after glutamate addition. As compared with other methods, the present protocol can be performed briefly, does not imply high economic costs, and provides an useful tool for the isolation of a synaptosomal preparation with high mitochondrial respiratory capacity and an adequate integrity and function of intraterminal mitochondria.

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Anterior open bite (AOB) is related to functional alterations of the stomatognathic system. There are no studies concerning brain activation of the cortex comparing children with and without AOB during rest and activities such as deglutition and phonation. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the brain cortex of children with AOB at rest and during phonation and deglutition and to evaluate the association of intelligence quotient (IQ), attention (Test of Variables of Attention, known as TOVA), beats per minute (BPM), and oxygen saturation measurement (SpO2) with brain activity in subjects with AOB. Fourteen children (seven with AOB and seven without AOB) with mixed dentition, aged 10-13 years, underwent an IQ test, TOVA, SpO2, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Electrodes were set in the scalp, according to the 10-20 protocol. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to assess comparisons between children with and without AOB. The results showed that IQ, TOVA, SpO2, or BPM did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups, except for the response time (contained in TOVA) (p = 0.03). Significant differences were found for the brain activity during rest (Condition 1) of the tongue, between children with and without AOB (p < 0.05 for alpha/theta and alpha peaks), whereas there were no differences during function (Condition 2). The findings of this investigation provide insights about the cortex activity of the brain while the tongue is in the resting position in children with AOB. This may imply an altered activity of the brain cortex, which should be considered when diagnosing and treating AOB. Other diagnostic techniques derived from investigations based on neuroscience could develop new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to give better solutions to children with malocclusions. Treatments should be focused not only on the teeth but also on the brain cortex.

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Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors affecting the development of different tissues and organs. It is suggested that under nutrient restriction the growth of the brain is spared as a result of the differential allocation of resources from other organs. However, it is not clear whether this sparing occurs brain-wide. Here, we analyzed morphological changes and cell composition in different regions of the offspring mouse brain after maternal exposure to nutrient restriction during pregnancy and lactation. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we found that brain regions were differentially sensitive to maternal protein restriction and exhibited particular patterns of volume reduction. The cerebellum was reduced in absolute and relative volume, while cortex volume was relatively preserved. Alterations in cell composition (examined by the isotropic fractionator method) and organization of white matter (measured by diffusor tensor images) were also region specific. These changes were not related to the metabolic rate of the regions and were only partially explained by their specific growth trajectories. This study is a first step towards understanding the mechanisms of regional brain sparing at microstructural and macrostructural levels resulting from undernutrition.

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Diabetes affects a variety of tissues including the central nervous system; moreover, some evidence indicates that memory and learning processes are disrupted. Also, oxidative stress triggers alterations in different tissues including the brain. Recent studies indicate mitochondria dysfunction is a pivotal factor for neuron damage. Therefore, we studied mitochondrial activity in three brain regions at early type I-diabetes induction. Isolated mitochondria from normal hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum revealed different rates of oxygen consumption, but similar respiratory controls. Oxygen consumption in basal state 4 significantly increased in the mitochondria from all three brain regions from diabetic rats. No relevant differences were observed in the activity of respiratory complexes, but hippocampal mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced. However, ATP content, mitochondrial cytochrome c, and protein levels of ß-tubulin III, synaptophysin, and glutamine synthase were similar in brain regions from normal and diabetic rats. In addition, no differences in total glutathione levels were observed between normal and diabetic rat brain regions. Our results indicated that different regions of the brain have specific metabolic responses. The changes in mitochondrial activity we observed at early diabetes induction did not appear to cause metabolic alterations, but they might appear at later stages. Longer-term streptozotocin treatment studies must be done to elucidate the impact of hyperglycemia in brain metabolism and the function of specific brain regions.

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BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of severe and long-term disability in adult individuals. Treatment of this disease is limited by the narrow therapeutic window in which intervention is crucial. An alternative therapy for stroke could be cellular growth factors, which participate in several pathways that mediate neuronal cell death. METHODS: We evaluated the neuroprotective ability of different doses of granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF; 5, 50 and 100 µg/kg/day) in the mouse model of global cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 80 minutes. The control group received vehicle (5% glucose solution) and the treated group was administered with G-CSF at two postsurgery time-points: immediately after and 24 hours after. Subsequently, muscle strength, leukocyte count, infarcted cortical area, and apoptosis/TUNEL were evaluated. RESULTS: The global ischemia promoted an impairment of the strength (16%) and a cerebral infarction (0.437±0.08 cm2) which were accompanied by apoptosis evaluated by TUNEL in control mice. In mice treated with G-CSF the strength function was maintained, the infarcted area (~70%) and apoptosis were decreased in a similar magnitude in all treated groups. Accordingly, the cytokine activities were confirmed by blood leukocyte count that was increased approximately 2-fold than that observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a neuroprotective effect of G-CSF, even in small doses, in mice subjected to global cerebral ischemia, thereby reducing the neurofunctional impairment caused by stroke, when considering the maintenance of muscle strength in the treated animals.

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Central nervous system tumors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Themain pathology involved is brainmetastases, followed by intrinsic gliomas. In nearly all cases, surgery is the initial and most important measure to change natural course of disease. In brain metastases and meningiomas, gross total resection is also precluded, and usually more achievable, because of biological behavior of tumor and extrinsic presentation. Generally these tumors push or compress eloquent areas, but spare them. In intrinsic tumors, complete resection is often difficult, once tumor is invasive and may even be within eloquent cortex.When tumors occur in eloquent areas such as sensorial, motor and language cortex, there is the need for taking several measures to avoid worsening of symptoms after surgery. Especially in lesions involving language cortex, an awake craniotomy may be performed to assess intraoperatively language functions.(AU)

Tumores no Sistema nervoso central são a maior causa de morbimortalidade. A principal patologia é metástase do cérebro, seguida de gliomas intrínsecos. Em quase todos os casos, cirurgia é a primeira e mais importante medida para impedir a evolução da doença. Em metástase do cérebro e meningiomas, ressecção brutal total é igualmente excluída e geralmente mais factível, devido ao comportamento biológico do tumor e apresentação extrínseca. Normalmente, estes tumores empurram ou comprimem áreas eloquentes, mas o separam. Em tumores intrínsecos, a ressecção completa é difícil, uma vez que o tumor é invasivo e pode até mesmo estar dentro córtex. Quando tumores ocorrem em áreas eloquentes, como a sensorial, a motora e o córtex de linguagem, há a necessidade de tomar diversas medidas para evitar piora dos sintomas pós-cirúrgicos. Particularmente em lesões envolvendo o córtex da linguagem, uma craniotomia desperta deve ser realizada para acesso funções linguísticas de forma intraoperativa.(AU)

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Introducción: la Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal (EMT) es una técnica neurofsiológica, que permite la inducción de una corriente en el cerebro de forma segura y no invasiva. Está basada en los principios de inducción electromagnética descubiertos por el investigador Michael Faraday hace dos siglos. Recién en 1984, Anthony Barker y su equipo de trabajo desarrollaron un estimulador que permitía despolarizar neuronas en la corteza motora y provocar movimientos contralaterales al activar vías corticoespinales, a partir de lo cual se ha logrado su aplicación en clínica psiquiátrica para diferentes trastornos. La EMTr puede utilizarse como complemento de otros métodos neurocientífcos en el estudio de vías motoras centrales, para el estudio de la excitabilidad cortical y en el mapeo de funciones cerebrales corticales, pudiendo combinar la capacidad de resolución temporal y espacial y la potencialidad de activar o interferir en funciones cerebrales. Materiales y métodos: los pacientes fueron seleccionados de acuerdo al diagnóstico bajo la patología F 33 ­ F 51 por el personal del servicio y remitidos a la unidad de Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal. Se les realizó exámenes complementarios como: TAC de cráneo, electroencefalograma, valoración psicológica pre y post EMTr, dentro de un protocolo estrictamente aplicado, sin el cual no se decide proceder a este tratamiento. Resultados: en el presente estudio no se hizo diferenciaciones entre el tipo de depresión y tampoco en lo relacionado a los trastornos del ritmo del sueño. Se encontró satisfacción en la mayoría de pacientes, sometidos a este tratamiento y muchos mejoraron su depresión y calidad de sueño con la estimulación repetitiva, proponiéndose como una nueva opción de tratamiento no farmacológico ni psicoterapéutico; además es accesible a todo tipo de población, siempre y cuando se cuenta con la infraestructura tecnológica para este procedimiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiological technique that allows electric currents induction into the brain in a safe and noninvasive way. TMS is based on electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday two centuries ago. Only in 1984, Anthony Barker and his team developed a stimulator that allowed depolarization of neurons in the motor cortex causing contralateral movements by activating corticospinal pathways, from which it has achieved its application on different conditions in psychiatric clinic. TMS can be used with other neuroscientifc methods to combine the ability of temporal and spatial resolution and the potentiality to activate or interfere brain functions when studying central motor pathways, cortical excitability and brain cortical function mapping. Materials and methods: for the study, patients were selected under pathology F33 and F51, diagnosed by medical service personnel and sent to the Magnetic Stimulation Unit. Additional tests such as head CT, EEG, psychological evaluation pre and post rTMS (repetitive TMS) were performed within a strict protocol. If some of the tests could not be carried out, the treatment did not proceed. Results: in this study, differences on type of depression or sleep rhythm disorders were not made. Our results showed that satisfaction was found in the majority of patients undergoing this treatment and many of them even improved with repetitive stimulation their depression and sleep quality, thus, proposing an alternate non-pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment. Besides, it is accessible to most people, as long as the technological infrastructure for this procedure is set up.

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There is evidence that brain temperature (Tbrain) provides a more sensitive index than other core body temperatures in determining physical performance. However, no study has addressed whether the association between performance and increases in Tbrain in a temperate environment is dependent upon exercise intensity, and this was the primary aim of the present study. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to constant exercise at three different speeds (18, 21, and 24 m/min) until the onset of volitional fatigue. Tbrain was continuously measured by a thermistor inserted through a brain guide cannula. Exercise induced a speed-dependent increase in Tbrain, with the fastest speed associated with a higher rate of Tbrain increase. Rats subjected to constant exercise had similar Tbrain values at the time of fatigue, although a pronounced individual variability was observed (38.7-41.7°C). There were negative correlations between the rate of Tbrain increase and performance for all speeds that were studied. These results indicate that performance during constant exercise is negatively associated with the increase in Tbrain, particularly with its rate of increase. We then investigated how an incremental-speed protocol affected the association between the increase in Tbrain and performance. At volitional fatigue, Tbrain was lower during incremental exercise compared with the Tbrain resulting from constant exercise (39.3±0.3 vs 40.3±0.1°C; P<0.05), and no association between the rate of Tbrain increase and performance was observed. These findings suggest that the influence of Tbrain on performance under temperate conditions is dependent on exercise protocol.

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Different studies have demonstrated the importance of micronutrients, such as vitamins, for normal adult brain function and development. Vitamin C is not synthesized in the brain, but high levels are detected in this organ because of the existence of specific uptake mechanisms, which concentrate ascorbic acid from the bloodstream to the cerebrospinal fluid and then into neurons and glial cells. Two different isoforms of sodium-vitamin C cotransporters (SVCT1 and SVCT2) have been cloned. SVCT2 expression has been observed in the adult hippocampus and cortical neurons by in situ hybridization. In addition, the localization of SVCT2 in the rat fetal brain has been studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, demonstrating that SVCT2 is highly expressed in the ventricular and subventricular areas of the brain cortex. However, there are currently no immunohistochemical data regarding SVCT2 expression and function in the post-natal brain. Therefore, we analyzed SVCT2 expression in the developing brain cortex of mice, and demonstrated an increase in SVCT2 mRNA in mice at 1-15 days of age. The expression of a short isoform, SVCT2sh, was also detected within the same period. SVCT2 expression was concentrated in neurons within the inner layer of the brain cortex. Both SVCT2 isoforms were coexpressed in N2a cells to obtain functional data. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed a molecular interaction between SVCT2wt and SVCT2sh. Finally, differences in transport ratios suggested that SVCT2sh expression inhibited ascorbic acid uptake in N2a cells when both isoforms were coexpressed. The sodium-vitamin C cotransporter, SVCT2, is induced in neurons within the inner layer of the brain cortex during post-natal development, mainly in pyramidal cortex neurons. Two different isoforms, SVCT2wt and SVCT2sh, were detected. Using in vitro studies, we suggest a molecular interaction between SVCT2wt and SVCT2sh, which may regulate the affinity of vitamin C uptake.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar possíveis alterações quantitativas em corpos de neurônios do córtex cerebral de cães, causadas pela desnutrição. Foram utilizados sete encéfalos de cães machos sem raça definida, diagnosticados desnutridos, para a realização deste estudo. Foram definidos diferentes giros do córtex cerebral a serem estudados; estes foram amostrados, processados pelo procedimento histológico de rotina e corados pelo método de violeta cresil modificado, para visualização dos corpos de neurônios. As lâminas foram analisadas à ocular de 20 vezes. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma diminuição expressiva na quantidade de corpos de neurônios nos cães desnutridos (10,8), quando comparados aos cães normonutridos (16,35), concluindo que possivelmente a desnutrição é um fator de diminuição do número de corpos de neurônios no córtex cerebral de cães desnutridos, quando comparados a normonutridos.(AU)

The aim of this study was to verify the quantitative alterations of the neurons bodies in the brain cortex of malnourished dogs. Seven brains of mongrel male dogs that were previously diagnosticated as malnourished were collected. The dogs had similar constitutionalist characteristics of cranium (mesaquicefalus). It was chosen different gyrus of the brain cortex to been study; those gyrus were sampled, prepared according to conventional histological technique and stained by modified cresil violet, for becoming evident the neurons bodies. The slides were analyzed with the 20x ocular. Our results indicate a expressive reduction in the number of neuron bodies in malnourished dogs (10,8), when compared with dogs in normal nutrition conditions (16,35). In conclusion, its possible that the malnutrition leads to an reduction of neurons bodies in brain cortex of dogs, when compared to those with normal condition of nutrition.(AU)

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar possíveis alterações quantitativas em corpos de neurônios do córtex cerebral de cães, causadas pela desnutrição. Foram utilizados sete encéfalos de cães machos sem raça definida, diagnosticados desnutridos, para a realização deste estudo. Foram definidos diferentes giros do córtex cerebral a serem estudados; estes foram amostrados, processados pelo procedimento histológico de rotina e corados pelo método de violeta cresil modificado, para visualização dos corpos de neurônios. As lâminas foram analisadas à ocular de 20 vezes. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma diminuição expressiva na quantidade de corpos de neurônios nos cães desnutridos (10,8), quando comparados aos cães normonutridos (16,35), concluindo que possivelmente a desnutrição é um fator de diminuição do número de corpos de neurônios no córtex cerebral de cães desnutridos, quando comparados a normonutridos.

The aim of this study was to verify the quantitative alterations of the neurons bodies in the brain cortex of malnourished dogs. Seven brains of mongrel male dogs that were previously diagnosticated as malnourished were collected. The dogs had similar constitutionalist characteristics of cranium (mesaquicefalus). It was chosen different gyrus of the brain cortex to been study; those gyrus were sampled, prepared according to conventional histological technique and stained by modified cresil violet, for becoming evident the neurons bodies. The slides were analyzed with the 20x ocular. Our results indicate a expressive reduction in the number of neuron bodies in malnourished dogs (10,8), when compared with dogs in normal nutrition conditions (16,35). In conclusion, it’s possible that the malnutrition leads to an reduction of neurons bodies in brain cortex of dogs, when compared to those with normal condition of nutrition.

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Foram estudadas e comparadas as densidades neuronais do córtex cerebral de três raças de cães, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, correspondentes ao sistema límbico, visual, auditiva, motor, paladar, olfato e à área somestésica. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. Os fatores raças, áreas funcionais e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de densidade de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. Os resultados permitem concluir que a distribuição quantitativa de neurônios nas diferentes áreas corticais estudadas mostra diferenças significativas que estabelecem correlações com as aptidões funcionais e respectivos tipos constitucionais das raças enfocadas.(AU)

They were studied and compared the neuronal densities of the cerebral cortex of three dogs races, with constitutional types, characteristic and different functional aptitudes amongst themselves. Of the brain they were solitary fragments of the different areas of the cerebral cortex, corresponding to the system limbic, visual, hearing, motor, palate, sense of smell and to the area somestesic. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were looked for, among areas cerebral versus race associating types constitutional versus aptitude. The factors races, functional areas and cerebral hemispheres can be dependent variables amongst themselves, because they were found differences significant estimation in values corresponding to the average of density of neurons of the areas studied in the different races, as well as he/she enters the cerebral hemispheres. The results allow to end that the quantitative distribution of neurons in the different areas studied cortical display significant differences that establish correlations with the aptitudes functional.(AU)

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Foram estudadas e comparadas as densidades neuronais do córtex cerebral de três raças de cães, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, correspondentes ao sistema límbico, visual, auditiva, motor, paladar, olfato e à área somestésica. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. Os fatores raças, áreas funcionais e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de densidade de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. Os resultados permitem concluir que a distribuição quantitativa de neurônios nas diferentes áreas corticais estudadas mostra diferenças significativas que estabelecem correlações com as aptidões funcionais e respectivos tipos constitucionais das raças enfocadas.

They were studied and compared the neuronal densities of the cerebral cortex of three dogs races, with constitutional types, characteristic and different functional aptitudes amongst themselves. Of the brain they were solitary fragments of the different areas of the cerebral cortex, corresponding to the system limbic, visual, hearing, motor, palate, sense of smell and to the area somestesic. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were looked for, among areas cerebral versus race associating types constitutional versus aptitude. The factors races, functional areas and cerebral hemispheres can be dependent variables amongst themselves, because they were found differences significant estimation in values corresponding to the average of density of neurons of the areas studied in the different races, as well as he/she enters the cerebral hemispheres. The results allow to end that the quantitative distribution of neurons in the different areas studied cortical display significant differences that establish correlations with the aptitudes functional.

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Foram utilizados 10 encéfalos de cães sem raça definida, 5 machos e 5 fêmeas, com peso entre 8-12 kg, com características constitucionais do crânio semelhantes (mesaquicéfalos). Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas cerebrais, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada, para evidenciação dos corpos de neurônios. Através da análise morfométrica, foram buscados dados comparativos, principalmente entre as diferentes áreas cerebrais; hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo e entre os sexos, para o conhecimento do comportamento e da quantidade de corpos de neurônios. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axioscópio Zeiss® acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 Zeiss®. Os resultados encontrados foram que os machos apresentam maior quantidade de corpos de neurônios no hemisfério cerebral direito (16,71). Já nas fêmeas as proporções foram inversas, apresentando maior quantidade de neurônios no hemisfério cerebral esquerdo (17,46), quando comparados as diferentes áreas cerebrais. Os cães apresentaram maiores quantidades de corpos de neurônios na área visual (19,77), seguida da comportamental ou límbica (18,37) e entre as outras áreas cerebrais não verificou-se diferenças significativas. (AU)

For this study, 10 brain of mongrel dogs, 5 males and 5 females, weighing between 8-12 Kg, with constitutionalist characteristics of cranium similar (mesaquicefalus), were collected. They were prepared according to conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil, for becoming evident the neurons bodies. Through the morphometric analysis, comparative data were reached, mainly between the different bodies areas; brain right and left hemisphere and between the sex, for the knowledge of the arrangement and the quantity of the neuron bodies. The slides were analyzed with the aid of Axioscópio Zeiss®. The results showed that males had major quantity of the neuron bodies in brain right hemisphere (16,71). Once in females the rate were contrary, showing major quantity of neuron bodies in brain left hemisphere (17,46), when compared the different brain areas. The dogs showed major quantity of the neuron bodies in the visual area (19,77), following by the comportamental or limbic area (18,37) and between others areas did not show significant difference. (AU)

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