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One of the biggest controversies in current orthodontics is determining the appliance to use, since today patients seek better results in shorter times, in addition to putting aesthetics first. OBJECTIVE: compare the benefits and disadvantages that arise when using fixed orthodontic appliances and transparent aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An investigation and compilation of specialized bibliographic information on the topic was carried out in scientific search engines such as PubMed, SciElo and Web of Science between the years 1991 to 2023, focused on research work related to the effects of the use of orthodontic appliances. fixed compared to clear aligners. RESULTS: The review was carried out based on 53 articles found that met the selection criteria. CONCLUSION: Fixed orthodontic appliances are better in complex cases, they are more precise and less likely to relapse; Transparent aligners are more aesthetic, hygiene is more affective and the bone density of the mandibular condyle decreases.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of four different photoactivation protocols (according to "photoactivated faces" - mesial/distal, cervical/incisal or center - and "photoactivation time" - 6-3 s) of a high-power photo activator (Valo Cordless®-Ultradent) on the shear bond strength (SBS) between metal brackets and dental enamel and on the degree of conversion (DC) of an orthodontic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 bovine incisor crowns were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10). The brackets were bonded with Transbond XT® resin using 4 protocols according to the "photoactivation protocol" factor (which was subdivided into photoactivated faces and photoactivation time): V3C = 3 s + center; V6C = 6 s + center; V3M3D = 3 s on mesial + 3 s on distal; V3C3I = 3 s on cervical + 3 s on incisal. All the samples were stored for 4 months (water,37ºC) and then subjected to a SBS test (100KgF,1 mm/min). 40 resin discs were made to evaluate the monomer degree of conversion. Data from the SBS and DC were assessed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Bond failures were analyzed according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test (5%). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.008) in the One-way ANOVA result for SBS values between all groups, but the protocols showed statistically similar results (p ≥ 0.05-Tukey's tests) concerning the photoactivated faces (V6C, V3M3D and V3C3I) and photoactivation time (V3C and V6C) factors individually. There was no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the One-way ANOVA result for DC values. CONCLUSION: The SBS and DC values will vary depending on the protocol applied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is possible to maintain the bracket fixation quality with the use of a high-power LED photo activator associated with a shorter photoactivation time. However, it is assumed that not all types of protocols that might be applied will provide quality bonding, such as V3C, V3M3D and V3C3I, which may - depending on the SBS and DC values - affect the final treatment time, due to brackets debonding, or increase of possibility of damage to dental enamel during bracket removal. Clinical studies are suggested to confirm the hypotheses of this research.

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Obtener una buena adhesión entre esmalte y bracket es un aspecto fundamental para el éxito del tratamiento en Ortodoncia. Algunos casos presentan desafíos en esta adhesión, especialmente cuando nos enfrentamos ante un esmalte con alteraciones como hipomineralizaciones, hipoplasias o fluorosis dental. Para sobreponer esta dificultad en la unión adhesiva se han propuesto diversas estrategias terapéuticas como es el uso de agentes desproteinizantes. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es describir el uso de hipoclorito de sodio como agente desproteinizante en dientes con alteraciones de esmalte para mejorar la adhesión en Ortodoncia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed de los últimos 5 años. Se encontraron 116 artículos, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios requeridos y fueron seleccionados para la revisión. La desproteinización del esmalte con hipoclorito de sodio como paso previo al grabado ácido, es una estrategia útil en el proceso de cementación de aparatología de ortodoncia fija en dientes con alteraciones del esmalte. El uso de hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25 % es una alternativa de bajo co sto, no invasiva y eficiente para mejorar la fuerza de adhesión en pacientes con alteraciones del esmalte.

Obtaining good adhesion between enamel and bracket is a fundamental aspect for success in Orthodontics. Some cases present challenges in this adhesion, especially when we are faced with enamel with alterations such as hypomineralization, hypoplasia or dental fluorosis. To overcome this difficulty in adhesive bonding, various therapeutic strategies have been proposed, such as the use of deproteinizing agents. The objective of this study is to describe the use of sodium hypochlorite as a deproteinizing agent in teeth with enamel alterations to improve adhesion in Orthodontics. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed for articles within the last 5 years. In this study 116 articles were found, of which 23 met the required criteria and were selected for the review. Deproteinization of the enamel with sodium hypochlorite as a prior step to acid etching is an important stage in the cementation process of fixed appliances in orthodontics. The use of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite is a low-cost, non-invasive and efficient alternative to improve adhesion strength in patients with anomalies of tooth enamel.

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Objective: To evaluate the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets after the enamel has been exposed to lacteal products containing probiotics. Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces. The test specimens were randomly divided into six groups: G1-negative control; G2-positive control, exposed to culture environment only (without microorganisms); G3-exposed to the cariogenic environment and the fermented cow's milk without probiotic; G4-exposed to the cariogenic environment and fermented cow's milk with probiotic; G5-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt without probiotic; and G6-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt with probiotic. The groups were placed in brain heart infusion medium, supplemented with 2% sucrose and with 1x106 cells/ml of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC). The Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results: all groups exposed to the ATCC strains showed lower final microhardness, compared to the negative control (p0.05). Conclusions: Lacteal products are not able to prevent the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between a 0.019×0.025-inch (″) stainless steel archwire and two types of passive self-ligating brackets with the same slot height (0.022″) and different slot depths (0.028″ and 0.026″, and to measure the archwire/slot play as well as to compare the torque expression with archwire torsions of 12°, 24°, and 36°. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An experimental device was developed along with a universal testing machine to measure torque expression in two types of brackets with 0.028″ and 0.026″ slot depths. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed to identify the differences between groups. RESULTS: The 0.026″ slot bracket presented greater archwire/slot play when compared to the 0.028″ bracket. Torque expression with torsions of 24° and 36° were significantly higher in the 0.028″ depth brackets when compared to the 0.026″ depth brackets. CONCLUSION: The 0.022″×0.026″ passive self-ligating brackets attached with a 0.019″×0.025″ stainless steel archwire provided no greater torque control when compared to 0.022″×0.028″ passive self-ligating brackets.

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Por conta das irregularidades da superfície vestibular, dificuldade de colagem em algumas regiões, como também mais facilidade na confecção de arco passivo para cirurgia ortognática de benefício antecipado, a técnica da colagem indireta vem ganhando espaço. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com 27 anos de idade sem comorbidade sistêmica e diagnosticado com ameloblastoma na mandíbula, na qual foi realizada uma colagem indireta para possibilitar a confecção do arco cirúrgico de forma passiva e, com isso, a cirurgia imediata. Por meio da técnica de colagem indireta, foi feita a colagem dos bráquetes no modelo de gesso e, após a colagem, foi confeccionado o arco passivo superior e inferior. Com os guias de colagem indireta e os arcos prontos, realizou-se a colagem na boca do paciente, os arcos cirúrgicos foram instalados e o mesmo foi encaminhado para realização da cirurgia de remoção do ameloblastoma. Erros no posicionamento dos bráquetes irão interferir no resultado final, aumentando, assim, o tempo de trabalho. A técnica da colagem indireta tem se demonstrado um avanço para a Ortodontia, otimizando o tempo de atendimento clínico como também o tempo cirúrgico nos casos de benefício antecipado. (AU)

Due to the irregularities of the vestibular surface, difficulty in gluing in some regions, as well as ease in creating a passive arch for orthognathic surgery with anticipated benefits, the indirect bonding technique has been gaining ground. Thus, the objective of the work is to report a clinical case of a 27-year-old patient without systemic comorbidity and diagnosed with ameloblastoma in the mandible, to whom indirect bonding was performed to enable the creation of the surgical arch in a passive way and, with this, the immediate surgery. Using the indirect bonding technique, the brackets were bonded to the plaster model and, after bonding, the upper and lower passive arch was created. With the indirect bonding guides and the archwires ready, the bonding was done in the patient's mouth, the surgical archwires were installed, and the patient was sent to undergo surgery to remove the ameloblastoma. Errors in the positioning of the brackets will interfere with the final result, thus increasing working time. The indirect bonding technique has proven to be an advance for Orthodontics, optimizing clinical care time as well as surgical time in cases of anticipated benefit (AU)

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Com a diversificação das prescrições existentes, a correta escolha de acordo com a necessidade individual de cada má oclusão pode ser importante para estabelecer maior controle biomecânico durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o tratamento ortodôntico com a versatilidade na associação de diferentes prescrições em um relato de caso clínico e determinar se existe alguma relação com a dimensão vertical, transversal e o perímetro de arco que podem contribuir com a estabilidade e longevidade do tratamento ortodôntico. A prescrição, quando corretamente indicada, tem impacto no controle do movimento dentário para estabelecer oclusão, estética e estabilidade adequadas. Concluiu-se que o surgimento de novas prescrições tende a favorecer ao máximo a abrangência de mais pacientes no tratamento ortodôntico (AU)

With the diversification of existing bracket prescriptions, the correct choice according to the individual needs of each malocclusion is essential to establish greater biomechanical control during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate orthodontic treatment with the versatility in association of different prescriptions in a clinical case report and to determine whether there is any relationship with the vertical dimension, transverse dimension, and arch perimeter that can contribute to the stability and longevity of the orthodontic treatment. The prescription, when correctly indicated, has an impact on the control of tooth movement to establish proper occlusion, esthetics, and stability. It was concluded that the emergence of new prescriptions favors the maximum coverage of more patients in orthodontic treatment. (AU)

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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar e analisar as informações acerca do tema bráquetes autoligados publicados na plataforma YouTube. Realizou-se busca na plataforma entre os dias 10 e 15 de janeiro de 2022 com o intuito de identificar os vídeos mais relevantes utilizando-se o termo "bráquete autoligado". Atribuiu-se um critério de 7 pontos para classificar os vídeos como satisfatórios e insatisfatórios. Uma escala global de qualidade (QGS) foi utilizada para examinar a qualidade dos vídeos. Para avaliar a confiabilidade, foi utilizado um questionário adaptado do DISCERN de 5 questões. Foram convidados dois ortodontistas experientes na área para avaliarem os vídeos, correlacionar e, posteriormente, comparar as informações. Inicialmente foram encontrados 100 vídeos e, após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, chegou--se a 27 vídeos. A maioria das mídias foram criadas por ortodontistas. Os vídeos criados por generalistas obtiveram melhor escore e também houve diferença significativa no número de comentários e taxa de interação p<0,05. Não foi observada diferença entre os escores e a origem dos vídeos p>0,05. A média do escore GQS foi de 2,25, do DISCERN 1,18, e 19 vídeos foram classificados como suficientes e 8 vídeos como insuficientes. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos vídeos não exibiu uma fonte confiável de informação e a origem das mídias não influenciou os resultados dos critérios de conteúdos nem de confiabilidade.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the information on the subject of self-ligating brackets published on the YouTube platform. A search was carried out on the platform between January 10 and 15, 2022 in order to identify the most relevant videos using the term "self-ligating bracket". A criterion of 7 points was assigned to classify the videos as satisfactory and unsatisfactory. A global quality scale (QGS) was used to examine the quality of the videos. To assess reliability, an adapted 5-question DISCERN questionnaire was used. Two experienced orthodontists in the field were invited to evaluate the videos, correlate and later compare the information. Initially, 100 videos were found and, after applying the exclusion criteria, 27 videos were reached. Most media were created by orthodontists. Videos created by generalists had a better score and there was also a significant difference in the number of comments and interaction rate p<0.05. No difference was observed between the scores and the origin of the videos p>0.05. The average GQS score was 2.25, from DISCERN 1.18, and 19 videos were classified as sufficient and 8 videos as insufficient. It was concluded that most videos did not show a reliable source of information and the origin of the media did not influence the results of the content or reliability criteria(AU)

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Os adesivos que unem braquetes (BQTs) ao esmalte dentário atendem às necessidades clínicas, pois resistem às forças mastigatórias bem como às forças da mecânica ortodôntica. No entanto, estes devem possibilitar sua remoção sem causar maiores danos ao esmalte. Resíduos do sistema adesivo (SA) ou pequenos defeitos no esmalte após remoção do BQT favorecem a adesão de biofilme e alteram a refração da luz, culminando em problemas estéticos. Embora existam muitos métodos de remoção, não há consenso na literatura quanto a indicação deles. Objetivou-se comparar a eficiência de dois métodos de remoção de adesivo: broca multilaminada de Zircônia (Z) e inserto ultrassônico com crescimento de diamante por deposição química de vapor (CVD). BQTs foram cimentados na face vestibular de 26 dentes incisivos bovinos, sendo removidos utilizando alicate ortodôntico. Em seguida, os dentes foram divididos em dois grupos para remoção do SA remanescente: grupo Z (broca de Zircônia multilaminada) e grupo D (inserto ultrassônico CVD). Todas as amostras passaram por etapa de polimento final. Os dados foram coletados através de escaneamento digital e moldagem com silicone de adição em ambos os grupos para avaliação em cada uma das etapas: inicial, após remoção do BQT, após remoção do adesivo e após polimento. Em seguida, os moldes obtidos foram vertidos em modelos de resina epóxi que, posteriormente, foram metalizadas para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e em estereomicroscopia. Os dados foram tabulados no software Microsoft Excel ® versão 2010 e submetidos à análise estatística no software JASP (Universidade de Amsterdã, ⲁ = 0,05), versão 0.15, ambiente Windows, sendo realizado o teste "T de Student". Observou-se que a remoção do SA acarreta danos à superfície do esmalte, corroborando a literatura encontrada. Houve diferenças na rugosidade da superfície do esmalte, havendo maior rugosidade no grupo Z. No entanto, após polimento, não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos. As pontas CVD apresentaram maior tempo para desgaste do SA residual, mas menor potencial de danos às estruturas dentárias sadias, revelando-se promissoras na preservação da superfície dentária. (AU)

Adhesives that bond brackets (BQTs) to tooth enamel meet clinical needs, as they resist to chewing forces as well as to the forces of orthodontic mechanics. However, these must allow for removal without causing further damage to the enamel. Residues from the adhesive system (AS) or small defects in the enamel after BQT removal favor biofilm adhesion and alter light refraction, resulting in aesthetic problems. Although there are many removal methods, there is no consensus in the literature regarding their indication. The objective was to compare the efficiency of two adhesive removal methods: multilaminate zirconia drill (Z) and ultrasonic insert with diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). BQTs were cemented on the buccal surface of 26 bovine incisor teeth and removed using orthodontic pliers. Then, the teeth were divided into two groups to remove the remaining adhesive system: group Z (multilaminate zirconia bur) and group D (CVD ultrasonic insert). All samples went through the final polishing stage. Data were collected through digital scanning and molding with added silicone in both groups for evaluation at each stage: initial, after removal of the BQT, after removal of the adhesive, and after polishing. Then, the molds obtained were poured into epoxy resin models that were subsequently metalized for analysis under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and stereomicroscopy. The data were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel ® software version 2010 and subjected to statistical analysis in the JASP software (University of Amsterdam, ⲁ = 0.05), version 0.15, Windows environment, using the "Student's T" test. It was observed that removing the AS causes damage to the enamel surface, corroborating the literature found. There were differences in the roughness of the enamel surface, with greater roughness in group Z. However, the two groups had no statistical difference after polishing. The CVD insert showed a longer time for wear of residual SA, but a lower potential for damage to healthy dental structures, proving to be promising in preserving the tooth surface(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Surface coating technology can assist fixed appliances by reducing friction, improving antibacterial characteristics, and increasing corrosion resistance. The application of functional coatings composed of graphene onto the surfaces of orthodontic brackets and archwires has been shown to enhance their mechanical qualities. The objective of the current study was to carry out a scoping analysis of published recent evidence on the utilization of graphene as a covering material in metallic orthodontic accessories, such as brackets and archwires; Methods: A scoping review was undertaken following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Dentistry and Oral Science Source, and Google Scholar were searched between 2003 and 2023; Results: In total, 38 potential references were detected, from which 10 were selected for this review. These articles addressed the benefits of the application of graphene-oxide functional coatings onto the surface of archwires and brackets during fixed orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic graphene-oxide-based coatings provide improved surface characteristics (e.g., reduced friction and anticorrosive effects), antibacterial capabilities, and biocompatibility. These characteristics can increase the effectiveness of orthodontic therapy, improve patient comfort, and lower the likelihood of problems; Conclusion: Orthodontists should be aware of and comprehend the prerequisites for using graphene-oxide-coated archwires and brackets to fulfill needs throughout their clinical practice.

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Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the bond strength between metallic brackets and two different glass ceramics and to evaluate the ceramic surface roughness after different finishing protocols. Methods: The surface roughness of lithium disilicate and resin matrix ceramic samples was measured (initial). All samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane and bonded to metallic brackets with orthodontic cement adhesive. Shear bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine (n=12). The surface roughness was measured again (intermediate, n=6) after removing the remaining cement adhesive from the ceramic surfaces with a diamond or 24-blade bur after polishing the ceramic surfaces (final, n=6). Results: The resin matrix ceramic had the highest bond strength. The rotatory instrument used for the removal of cement adhesive did not affect the surface roughness of the resin matrix ceramic or lithium disilicate (p=0.985 and p=0.504, respectively), but did affect the evaluation time (p<0.001) for both restorative materials. The intermediate roughness was the highest. For the resin matrix ceramic, polishing promoted a final surface roughness similar to the initial condition; however, changes in the surface shape of this ceramic could be visibly observed when using a 24-blade bur. Conclusion: The bond strength of metallic brackets bonded on resin-matrix ceramics is higher than bonding on lithium disilicate. The use of diamond burs for the removal of the remaining adhesive from the resin matrix ceramics is highly recommended.

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Considerando o uso de brocas para remoção da resina residual após descolagem do braquete e a possibilidade de injúrias à superfície do esmalte após o uso dessas brocas, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo experimental, para avaliar a variação do aspecto superficial do esmalte de forma qualitativa, por meio da avaliação com imagens topográficas do esmalte dentário, utilizando-se a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), a qual permitiu ilustrar e avaliar a superfície do esmalte após a fase de polimento final, realizada por dois métodos: taça de borracha ou escova Robinson. Foram utilizados 25 dentes pré-molares humanos, obtidos a partir de exodontias em pacientes que procuraram voluntariamente o curso de Residência em Cirurgia da Clínica Odontológica Universitária da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos: A, B, C e D, contendo 6 dentes cada, de acordo com as brocas utilizadas para a remoção do remanescente adesivo e o polimento escolhido, além de um dente como "controle". Foi avaliada a rugosidade superficial do esmalte após a remoção da resina e a superfície do esmalte após o polimento com as duas opções apresentadas. Os resultados mostraram que, por observação e inspeção, as brocas removeram a resina residual de todos os dentes, porém, causaram riscos e ranhuras, como evidenciado nas imagens em MEV. Concluiu-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os métodos de polimento e que ambos foram importantes para a redução das marcas abrasivas, proporcionando uma superfície mais lisa do esmalte.

Considering the use of specific burs to remove residual resin after bracket debonding and the possibility of injuries to the dental enamel after using these burs, this study aimed to verify the variation in the enamel surface appearance in a qualitative way and evaluation with topographic images of the dental enamel. The use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) allowed to illustrate and evaluate the enamel surface after the final polishing phase using two methods: rubber cup or Robinson brush. Twenty-five human premolar teeth were obtained from extractions in patients who voluntarily sought the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Residency at the Dental School from the State University of Londrina; the teeth were divided into four groups A, B, C and D containing 6 teeth each according to the burs used to remove the remaining adhesive and the chosen polishing, in addition to one tooth as a "control". Dental enamel surface roughness was evaluated after resin removal and enamel surface after polishing with the two methods presented. The results showed that by observation and inspection, the burs removed residual resin from all teeth, however, caused scratches and grooves as evidenced in the SEM images. Based on the results, there was no statistical difference between the polishing methods, and both were important for the reduction of abrasive marks and provided a smoother enamel surface.

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BACKGROUND: Many orthodontic patients request dental bleaching during orthodontic treatment to achieve a faster aesthetic resolution, however, no attention has been paid to the inflammatory processes that can occur when both therapies are indicated together. So, this clinical trial evaluated the inflammatory parameters and color alterations associated with dental bleaching in patients wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance. METHODS: Thirty individuals aged between 18 and 40 years were equally and randomly allocated into three groups: FOA (fixed orthodontic appliance), BLE (dental bleaching), and FOA + BLE (fixed orthodontic appliance + dental bleaching). The orthodontic appliances and the bleaching procedures were performed in the maxillary premolars and molars. For dental bleaching a 35% hydrogen peroxide was used. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and nitric oxide (NO-) levels were evaluated at different time-points. Color evaluation was performed using an Easyshade spectrophotometer at baseline (FOA, FOA + BLE, BLE), one month after (FOA + BLE) and 21 days after appliance removing (FOA + BLE and FOA groups), in each tooth bleached. The ANOVA and Tukey's tests, with a significance level of 5%, were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The GCF volume in the FOA + BLE and FOA groups significantly increased at the time points evaluated (p < 0.001); however, this did not occur in the BLE group (p > 0.05). On the other hand, NO- levels significantly decreased during dental bleaching with or without fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA + BLE and BLE groups; p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the FOA group (p > 0.05). Significant changes in color were observed in the FOA + BLE and BLE groups compared to in the FOA group (p < 0.01). However, the presence of fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA + BLE) negatively affected the bleaching efficacy compared to BLE group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dental bleaching did not increase the inflammatory parameters in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliance. However, in the presence of orthodontic appliances, the bleaching efficacy was lower than that of bleaching teeth without orthodontic appliances. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-3sqsh8 (first trial registration: 09/07/2018).

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Purpose: To evaluate and compare shear bond strength (SBS) of new and recycled metallic brackets bonded to conditioned and reconditioned enamel, using two different adhesive materials. Materials and methods: 72 extracted sound human premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups. Transbond XT light cured composite (LCC) and Fuji Ortho LC resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), were used as adhesive materials. In groups 1 and 2 (control), new brackets were bonded to sound premolars using either LCC or RMGI, respectively. In Groups 3 and 4, new brackets were bonded to reconditioned enamel; and in groups 5 and 6, sandblasted recycled brackets were rebonded to reconditioned enamel. After 5.000 thermal cycles between 5ºC and 55ºC, SBS was evaluated and adhesive remnant on the enamel assessed using the ARI index. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Fligner-Killeen ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in SBS comparing control and experimental groups for either new or recycled brackets (p = 0.848). The SBS was significantly higher in brackets bonded with LCC (15.7 MPa) than RMGI (11.6 MPa) (p = 0.006). Adhesive failure was the most frequent, with the adhesive remnant covering more than 50% of the bracket base. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in SBS using either new or recycled brackets, regardless of the dental surface treatment (conditioned or reconditioned). Significantly higher SBS values were obtained with LCC adhesive. Adhesive failure prevails in all groups.

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Abstract Orthodontics patients usual develop demineralization and present cavity caries lesions after six months. Minimally invasive procedures have been the goal in modern dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ClinproTMXT Varnish, on the enamel surface roughness and severity of white spot lesions. Twenty premolars were submitted to bond brackets and experimental induction of demineralization and randomly divided into 2 groups: GI - fluoride varnish (Colgate Duraphat®); GII - Ionomeric Sealant (ClinproTMXT Varnish). The treatment was applied around the brackets. The surface roughness of specimens was analyzed, before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment by laser confocal microscopy, and the severity of the white spot lesion was by laser fluorescence device. The data were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney Test, at 5% significance, roughness percentage reduction was performed. The severity of demineralization decreased in both, GI (p = 0.005) and GII (p = 0.019). Enamel superficial roughness levels decreased in GI and GII. As well as the roughness percentage, being more expressive in the ClinproTMXT Varnish group (85,09%). Colgate Duraphat® or Clinpro™ XT Varnish reduced the severity of the demineralization and decreased the superficial roughness on the enamel. The Clinpro™ XT Varnish was superior to superficial roughness on enamel.

Resumo Pacientes ortodônticos geralmente desenvolvem desmineralização e apresentam lesões de cárie após seis meses de tratamento. Procedimentos minimamente invasivos têm sido o objetivo na prática odontológica moderna. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ClinproTM XT selante ionomérico, ao redor do bráquete, com relação a rugosidade superficial do esmalte e a severidade da lesão induzida. Vinte pré-molares foram submetidos a colagem de bráquetes e indução experimental de desmineralização e divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: GI - verniz fluoretado (Colgate Duraphat®); GII - Selante Ionomérico (ClinproTM XT). O tratamento foi aplicado ao redor dos bráquetes. A rugosidade da superfície dos espécimes foi analisada, antes do tratamento e 12 semanas após o tratamento por microscopia confocal a laser e severidade da lesão de mancha branca por dispositivo de fluorescência a laser. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney, a 5% de significância. A taxa de redução da lesão foi calculada. A severidade da desmineralização diminuiu tanto no GI (p = 0,005) quanto no GII (p = 0,019). Os níveis de rugosidade superficial do esmalte diminuíram no GI e GII, assim como o percentual de rugosidade, sendo mais expressivo no grupo ClinproTMXT (85,09%). Colgate Duraphat® e Clinpro™ XT reduziram a severidade da desmineralização e diminuíram a rugosidade superficial do esmalte. O selante ionomérico Clinpro™ XT foi superior na redução percentual de rugosidade.

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BACKGROUND: Malocclusion can affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The influence of the orthodontic treatment need (OTN) and the type of brackets on OHRQOL is not clear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between OTN and the bracket type and OHRQoL during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment (OT) in adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cohort study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics of a private university. A total of 216 patients aged ≥18 years participated in the study (106 patients with conventional brackets and 110 with self-ligating brackets). The OHRQoL was evaluated using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) at 5 time points - before OT (T0), and at 24/48 h (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) after the installation of the orthodontic appliance. The OTN was evaluated with the dental aesthetic index (DAI) by 2 previously calibrated operators. For the statistical analysis, the χ2 test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Additionally, Poisson regression models were performed. RESULTS: The evidence of an association between OHRQoL and OTN was found only at T3 (p = 0.0095). No association was found between OHRQoL and the bracket type. However, in the regression models, OHRQoL was statistically significantly worse at T3 in the group with a greater OTN (IRR (incidence rate ratio) = 1.34; 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.21;1.48) and at T4 in the self-ligation group (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12;1.36). CONCLUSIONS: The OHRQoL was affected in the same way at the beginning of OT, regardless of OTN and the bracket type used. However, a worse OHRQoL was observed at 3 months in subjects with greater OTN and at 6 months in patients with self-ligating brackets.

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Abstract This study aimed to assess and correlate initial surface roughness and frictional resistance of rectangular CuNiTi wires inserted in different self-ligating brackets. The sample consisted of 40 bracket-wire sets (rectangular CuNiTi wires of 0.017" x 0.025" and passive self-ligating brackets) divided into four groups (n=10): metallic self-ligating bracket and metallic CuNiTi wire (G1); metallic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G2); esthetic self-ligating bracket and metallic wire (G3); esthetic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G4). The initial surface roughness of the wires was examined with a Surfcorder roughness meter, model SE1700. Later, frictional resistance was assessed in an Instron 4411 universal testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min, in an aqueous medium at 35°C. Microscopic analyses of surface morphology were performed with scanning electron microscopy, using an LEO 1430, with magnifications of 1000X. Generalized linear models were applied, considering the 2 x 2 factorial (bracket type x wire type), at a 5% significance level. Regardless of bracket type, the groups with esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness than the groups with metallic wires (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the different bracket-wire sets for frictional resistance and no significant correlation between frictional resistance and initial surface roughness in the environment studied. It is concluded that esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness but did not interfere with the frictional resistance between brackets and wires.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e correlacionar a rugosidade superficial inicial e a resistência a fricção dos fios CuNiTi retangulares inseridos em diferentes bráquetes autoligados. A amostra foi composta por 40 conjuntos bráquetes-fios (fios retangulares CuNiTi de 0.017" x 0.025" e braquetes autoligados passivos), divididos em 4 grupos (n=10): bráquete autoligado metálico e fio CuNiti metálico (G1); braquete autoligado metálico e fio CuNiti com revestimento de rhodium (G2); bráquete autoligado estético e fio metálico (G3); bráquete autoligado estético e fio CuNiti com revestimento de rhodium (G4). A rugosidade superficial inicial do fio foi examinada com um rugosímetro Surfcorder modelo SE1700. Posteriormente, a resistência a fricção foi avaliada em uma máquina de ensaios universal Instron 4411, a uma velocidade de 5mm/min em meio aquoso à 35oC. Análises microscópicas da morfologia de superfície foram realizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, utilizando um LEO 1430, com ampliações de 1000X. Foram aplicados modelos lineares generalizados, considerando o fatorial 2 x 2 (tipo de bráquete x tipo de fio), com o nível de significância de 5%. Independentemente do tipo de bráquete, os grupos com fios estéticos apresentaram maior rugosidade superficial inicial que os grupos com fios metálicos (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os diferentes conjuntos bráquetes-fios quanto a resistência à fricção e não houve correlação significativa entre a resistência a fricção e a rugosidade superficial inicial no ambiente estudado. Conclui-se que os fios estéticos apresentaram maior rugosidade superficial inicial porém não interferiram na resistência a fricção entre os braquetes e os fios.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bonding protocols and the type of orthodontic resin on the adhesion of microorganisms, degree of conversion (DC), and shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets to enamel. METHODS: A total of 60 bovine incisors were prepared and randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10): "bonding protocol" (A: phosphoric acid; AXT: A+Transbond™ XT primer adhesive [all Transbond™ products from 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA]; and SE: Transbond™ Plus Self Etching Primer) and "orthodontic resin" (XT: Transbond™ XT adhesive paste and CC: Transbond™ Plus Color Change). After bonding, the samples were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles) and to the SBS test. Bond failures were classified according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Next, 60 enamel blocks were sterilized in ethylene oxide in order to perform the CFU (Streptococcus mutans) assay in vitro to analyze the colony forming units (CFU/mL). Then, 60 discs of each orthodontic resin were made to measure the DC. The SBS (MPa), CFU/mL, and DC (%) data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%) was performed for the DC. RESULTS: CFU and SBS revealed no significance for all factors (P > 0.05). Tukey's test showed that A_XT (acid+Transbond™ XT adhesive paste) presented the highest DC (70.38% ± 10.5), while AXT_XT (acid+Transbond™ XT primer adhesive+Transbond™ XT adhesive paste) showed the lowest (23.47% ± 10.4). An ARI score of 2 was more frequent for the CC resin and an ARI score of 4 for the XT resin. CONCLUSION: The CC resin does not reduce adhesion of S. mutans around orthodontic brackets and the bonding protocol did not influence the SBS, although the SE and A_XT groups contributed to a better DC.

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Introduction: The aligners have become a preferred alternative in terms of orthodontic treatment, surpassing the choice of conventional brackets, due to the comfort and aesthetics that the aligners represent, however, the final result with this system continues to be a controversial issue. The objective of this review was to verify the effectiveness of the treatment completed with aligners versus conventional brackets. Materials and methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Embase databases up to the date of January 5, 2023, including comparative studies that evaluated the final result and treatment time of the aligners compared to conventional braces. Two researchers carefully selected the articles evaluated and analyzed different key topics on the subject. Results: In this study, 8 articles were included, according to the studies, the vast majority did not find significant differences in completion between the compared groups. In addition to this, the treatment time in 3 articles was faster with aligners, in 3 articles it was faster with conventional brackets, and in one article no significant difference was found, so it is not yet established whether a system is faster than the other. Conclusions: Both aligners and conventional fixed orthodontics had good results at the end of orthodontic treatment and presented a similar treatment time, however, the majority of treated cases belonged to malocclusions of medium to low complexity, so these cannot be generalized. findings to all malocclusions.

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Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento e o Índice de Remanescente Adesivo (IRA) de bráquetes metálicos colados com três diferentes fotopolimerizadores LED de alta potência, quando comparados ao LED convencional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 80 incisivos bovinos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=20), nos quais foram realizadas colagens dos bráquetes utilizando-se os seguintes LEDs de alta potência por 3s: Grupo 1 ­ LEDX ­ T 2400, Orthometric; Grupo 2 ­ Flashmax P4 PRO Ortho, Rock Moutain Orthodontics; Grupo 3 ­ VALO CORDLESS, Ultradent e Grupo 4 ­ LED convencional por 40s (controle) POLY-WIRELESS, Kavo. O teste de resistência ao cisalhamento foi realizado utilizando-se uma máquina de ensaio universal (AME-2kN, Oswaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brasil) com velocidade de 0,5mm/min e célula de carga de 50N. A determinação da diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao cisalhamento foi realizada usando-se a análise de variância (ANOVA). Para avaliação do IRA, foi aplicado o teste Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: O grupo 2 apresentou resistência ao cisalhamento significativamente superior aos demais LEDs de alta potência e foi similar ao LED convencional. Em relação ao IRA, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos e o único que não diferiu do grupo controle foi o 2, enquanto os demais LEDs de alta potência (Grupos 1 e 3) apresentaram mais falhas adesivas entre a resina e o esmalte. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença entre os três tipos de fotopolimerizadores LED de terceira geração, sendo que maior resistência ao cisalhamento e menos falhas adesivas foram observadas no LED que apresentou maior potência (AU)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate shear strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of metallic brackets bonded to three types of high-power LED light curing, when compared to conventional LED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 bovine incisors were divided into 4 groups (n = 20), in which brackets were bonded using the following high-power LEDs for 3s: Group 1 ­ LEDX ­ T 2400, Orthometric; Group 2 ­ Flashmax P4 PRO Ortho, Rock Mountain Orthodontics; Group 3 ­ VALO CORDLESS, Ultradent; and Group 4 ­ conventional LED for 40s (control) POLY-WIRELESS, Kavo. The shear strength test was performed using a universal test machine (AME-2kN, Oswaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brasil) with 0.5 mm/min speed and 50N load cell. The determination of statistical difference between the groups in relation to shear strength was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the IRA. RESULTS: Group 2 showed shear strength significantly higher than other high-power LEDs and was similar to conventional LED. Regarding ARI, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups and the only one that did not differ from the control group was 2, while the other high-power LEDs (Groups 1 and 3) had more adhesive failures between the resin and the enamel. CONCLUSION: There was a difference between the three types of third generation LED light curing agents, with greater shear strength and less adhesive failures observed in the LED that presented higher power. (AU)

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