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PURPOSE: The relationship between engaging in two domains of cancer-preventive behaviors, lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening, is unknown in Hispanic adults. Accordingly, the study examined the association between lifestyle and colonoscopy screening in Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border, where there is suboptimal colorectal cancer prevention. METHODS: Lifestyle behavior adherence and compliance with colonoscopy screening schedules were assessed using 2013-2023 data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohorta population-based sample of Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico border. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund scoring system characterized healthy lifestyle engagement. Multivariable logistic regression quantified the association between lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening. RESULTS: Among 914 Hispanic adults, there was a mean adherence score of 2.5 out of 7 for recommended behaviors. Only 33.0% (95% CI 25.64-41.39%) were up-to-date with colonoscopy. Complete adherence to fruit and vegetable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] 5.2, 95% CI 1.68-16.30; p = 0.004), fiber (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.06-4.37; p = 0.04), and ultra-processed foods (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.30-6.21; p = 0.01) consumption recommendations were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy screening. Having insurance versus being uninsured (AOR 10.8, 95% CI 3.83-30.62; p < 0.001) and having local medical care versus in Mexico (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 2.26-21.43; p < 0.001) were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to dietary lifestyle recommendations was associated with being up-to-date with colonoscopy screenings. Those with poor dietary behavior are at risk for low-colonoscopy use. Improving lifestyle behaviors may complement colonoscopy promotion interventions. Healthcare accessibility influences up-to-date colonoscopy prevalence. Our findings can inform cancer prevention strategies for the Hispanic population.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To map the competencies of Primary Health Care nurses in border regions of Brazil and Paraguay. Method: Exploratory qualitative studyconducted between February and July 2020, with 64 nurses from six Brazilian municipalities bordering Paraguay. It was conducted in three stages: 1. Documentary study: analysis of legal documents to identify the nurse's competencies. 2. Application of instrument to the study population .3. Mapping of competencies, through the competencies expressed by nurses analyzed using the collective subject discourse technique. Results: Twenty-eight general competencies were identified, categorized as assistance and management, and five specific competencies required to work in border regions: conducting a situational diagnosis of the border community; attending to foreign users with active and humanized listening; communicating appropriately with foreign users; identifying the epidemiological profile of the border; and, understanding the health policies of the neighboring country. The competencies required for the work from the participants' perspective were included in the mapping. The competence gap identified in the mapping refers to educational practices in communities. Final considerations: The study identified the necessary competencies for nurses to work in border regions, but pointed out gaps in the training and continuing education of these professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las competencias de enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud en regiones fronterizas de Brasil y Paraguay. Método: investigación exploratoria descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo realizada entre febrero y julio de 2020, con 64 enfermeros de seis municipios brasileños fronterizos con Paraguay. Se realizó en tres etapas: 1. Estudio documental: análisis de documentos legales para identificar las competencias del enfermero. 2. Aplicación del instrumento a la población de estudio .3. Mapeo de competencias, a través de las competencias expresadas por enfermeros analizadas mediante la técnica del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados: Se identificaron 28 competencias generales categorizadas en asistencia y gestión, y cinco competencias específicas requeridas para trabajar en regiones fronterizas: realizar un diagnóstico situacional de la comunidad fronteriza; atender a los usuarios extranjeros con una escucha activa y humanizada; comunicarse adecuadamente con el usuario extranjero; entender el perfil epidemiológico de la frontera; y, conocer las políticas sanitarias del país vecino. En el mapeo se incluyeron las habilidades requeridas para el trabajo desde la perspectiva de los participantes. La brecha de competencias identificada en el mapeo se refiere a las prácticas educativas en las comunidades. Consideraciones finales: El estudio identificó las habilidades necesarias para que las enfermeras trabajen en regiones fronterizas, pero señaló brechas en la formación y educación continua de estos profesionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as competências dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde em regiões fronteiriças do Brasil e Paraguai. Método: Estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa realizado entre fevereiro e julho de 2020, com 64 enfermeiros de seis municípios brasileiros fronteiriços com o Paraguai. Foi realizada em três etapas: 1. Estudo documental: análise de documentos legais para identificar as competências do enfermeiro. 2. Aplicação de instrumento para a população do estudo. 3. Mapeamento das competências, através das competências expressas pelos enfermeiros analisados pela técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: Identificaram-se 28 competências gerais, categorizadas como assistenciais e gerenciais e cinco competências específicas requeridas atuar para regiões de fronteira: realizar o diagnóstico situacional da comunidade fronteiriça; atender o usuário estrangeiro com escuta ativa e humanizada; comunicar-se de forma adequada com o usuário estrangeiro; identificar o perfil epidemiológico da fronteira; e, conhecer as políticas de saúde do país vizinho. As competências requeridas para o trabalho na perspectiva dos participantes, foram contempladas no mapeamento. A lacuna de competência identificada no mapeamento se refere às práticas educativas nas comunidades. Considerações finais: O estudo identificou as competências necessárias para enfermeiros atuarem em região de fronteira, mas apontoulacunas na formação e educação permanente desses profissionais.

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Objective: to describe the epidemic curves and analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a triple border city. Method: descriptive-quantitative. The population consisted of COVID-19 cases that required hospitalization, analyzing variables such as: age, gender, race/color, city where they lived, occupation, pregnant woman, institutionalized patient and evolution. Descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used. Results: four epidemic curves were identified in the studied period. Among hospitalized cases, males predominated (55%). Cure was the most frequent outcome in curves 1, 2 and 4, but with no statistical difference (p = 0.2916). Curve 3 showed a higher frequency of deaths (41.70%) in relation to cures (38.77%). The mean ages were significantly different between the curves, with curve 4 having the lowest mean age. Conclusion: it was concluded that the epidemic curves were influenced by different situations; unvaccinated population, easing of restrictive measures, reopening of the Brazil-Paraguay border, interruption of control actions, crowding of people and circulation of new variants of the disease. Through the epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients, it was concluded that being male, of mixed race/color, aged between 61 and 85 years, and being deprived of freedom were associated with hospitalization and the occurrence of death.

Objetivo: describir las curvas epidémicas y analizar el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un municipio de triple frontera. Método: descriptivo-cuantitativo. La población se configuró de casos de COVID-19 que requirieron hospitalización, analizando variables como: edad, sexo, raza/color, municipio de residencia, ocupación, gestante, paciente institucionalizado y evolución. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo y las pruebas de análisis de varianza y chi-cuadrado. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro curvas epidémicas en el período estudiado. Entre los casos hospitalizados, predominó el sexo masculino (55%). La cura fue el desenlace más frecuente en las curvas 1, 2 y 4, aunque sin diferencia estadística (p = 0,2916). La curva 3 presentó una mayor frecuencia de fallecimientos (41,70%) en relación a la cura (38,77%). El promedio de edad fue significativamente diferente entre las curvas, siendo que la curva 4 presentó el menor promedio de edad. Conclusión: se concluyó que las curvas epidémicas fueron influenciadas por diferentes situaciones; población no vacunada, flexibilización de las medidas restrictivas, reapertura de la frontera Brasil-Paraguay, interrupción de las acciones de control, aglomeración de personas y circulación de nuevas variantes. Por medio del perfil epidemiológico de los enfermos hospitalizados, se concluyó que ser del sexo masculino, de raza/color pardo, en el rango de edad de 61 a 85 años, estar privado de libertad se asociaron con la hospitalización y ocurrencia de fallecimiento.

Objetivo: descrever as curvas epidêmicas e analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em um município de tríplice fronteira. Método: descritivo-quantitativo. A população configurou-se de casos de COVID-19 que necessitaram de hospitalização, analisando variáveis como: idade, sexo, raça/cor, município de residência, ocupação, gestante, paciente institucionalizado e evolução. Utilizou-se a análise estatística descritiva e os testes análise de variância e qui-quadrado. Resultados: identificaram-se quatro curvas epidêmicas no período estudado. Dentre os casos hospitalizados, predominou o sexo masculino (55%). A cura foi o desfecho mais frequente nas curvas 1, 2 e 4, porém sem diferença estatística (p = 0,2916). A curva 3 apresentou uma maior frequência de óbitos (41,70%) em relação à cura (38,77%). As médias de idade foram significativamente diferentes entre as curvas, sendo que a curva 4 apresentou a menor média de idade. Conclusão: concluiu-se que as curvas epidêmicas foram influenciadas por diferentes situações; população não vacinada, flexibilização das medidas restritivas, reabertura da fronteira Brasil-Paraguai, interrupção das ações de controle, aglomeração de pessoas e circulação de novas variantes. Por meio do perfil epidemiológico dos doentes hospitalizados, concluiu-se que ser do sexo masculino, de raça/cor parda, na faixa etária de 61 a 85 anos, estar privado de liberdade se associaram com a hospitalização e ocorrência de óbito.

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This study aims to analyze the feasibility of building an evaluative model for the management of the Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program in the State of Roraima, located on the border between Brazil and Venezuela. This is an evaluability assessment, a type of study used as a pre-evaluation of the development and implementation stages of a program, as well as throughout its execution. The study was developed in stages comprising the: (i) definition of the intervention to be analyzed and its objectives and goals; (ii) construction of the intervention logical model; (iii) screening of parties interested in the evaluation; (iv) definition of the evaluative questions; and (v) design of the evaluation matrix. Four priority components were defined for the evaluation: management of the organization and implementation of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control policy; epidemiological surveillance management; care network management; and management of expected/achieved results. In this model, and based on theoretical references, we defined the necessary resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and the expected impact for each of the policy management components. The management of the TB control program is feasible for evaluation based on the design of its components, the definition of structure and process indicators, and relevant results for the analysis of the management of TB prevention and control actions, as well as its influence on compliance with the agreed indicators and targets aiming at eradicating the disease by 2035.

Objetivou-se examinar a viabilidade da construção de um modelo avaliativo para a gestão do Programa de Prevenção e Controle da Tuberculose no Estado de Roraima, localizado na fronteira entre Brasil e Venezuela. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliabilidade, um tipo de estudo utilizado como pré-avaliação na fase de desenvolvimento e implementação de um programa, bem como ao longo de sua execução. O estudo foi desenvolvido em etapas: (i) definição da intervenção a ser analisada e seus objetivos e metas; (ii) construção do modelo lógico da intervenção; (iii) mapeamento dos interessados na avaliação; (iv) definição das questões avaliativas e (v) delineamento da matriz de avaliação. Foram definidos quatro componentes prioritários para avaliação: gestão da organização e implementação da política de prevenção e controle da tuberculose (TB), gestão da vigilância epidemiológica, gestão da rede de atenção à saúde e gestão dos resultados esperados/obtidos. Nesse modelo, e com base em referenciais teóricos, definimos os recursos, atividades, produtos, resultados e o impacto esperado para cada um dos componentes de gestão de políticas. A gestão do programa de controle da TB é passível de avaliação a partir do delineamento de seus componentes e da definição de indicadores de estrutura e processo, assim como de resultados relevantes e sua influência para o cumprimento das metas pactuadas, visando erradicar a doença até 2035.

El objetivo fue analizar la viabilidad de elaborar un modelo de evaluación para la gestión del Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis en el Estado de Roraima, que está en la frontera entre Brasil y Venezuela. Se trata de un estudio de evaluabilidad, un modelo de estudio que se utiliza como evaluación previa en la fase de desarrollo e implementación de un programa, así como a lo largo de su ejecución. El desarrollo del estudio se realizó en etapas: (i) definir la intervención a analizar y sus objetivos y metas; (ii) construir el modelo lógico de la intervención; (iii) mapear los interesados en la evaluación; (iv) definir las preguntas de la evaluación; y (v) trazar la matriz de evaluación. Se definieron cuatro componentes prioritarios para la evaluación: la gestión de la organización e implementación de la política de prevención y control de la tuberculosis (TB), la gestión de la vigilancia epidemiológica, la gestión de la red de atención a la salud y la gestión de los resultados esperados/obtenidos. En este modelo, y basándonos en referentes teóricos, definimos los recursos, actividades, productos, resultados y el impacto esperado para cada uno de los componentes de la gestión de políticas. La gestión del programa de control de la TB puede evaluarse a partir del diseño de sus componentes y de la definición de indicadores de estructura y proceso, así como de resultados relevantes y su influencia para el cumplimiento de las metas pactadas, con el fin de erradicar la enfermedad para 2035.

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RESUMO O estudo objetivou compreender a atenção pré-natal em uma região de fronteira na vigência da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado em serviços da atenção primária à saúde, com 27 participantes, entre mulheres e profissionais de saúde, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, remotas e presenciais, entre agosto de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, cujos dados foram averiguados por análise temática. Foram identificadas quatro categorias temáticas, quais sejam: Início do pré-natal adiado; Parcialidade nas ações em saúde no pré-natal; (Des)informação em saúde em período de pandemia; e Medidas de prevenção à Covid-19 na gestação. A pandemia da Covid-19 gerou retrocessos no pré-natal, como a restrição do acompanhante nas consultas e exames e suspensão de grupos de gestantes, com prejuízos na educação em saúde, adiamento do início do pré-natal e/ou comprometimento da sua realização, particularmente de brasileiras residentes no Paraguai. Teleatendimento, como estratégia para acompanhamento do pré-natal, apareceu timidamente. Os serviços de saúde se reorganizaram para manter as medidas para evitar a infecção e, assim, tentar garantir o seguimento pré-natal de forma presencial.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to understand prenatal care in a border region during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a qualitative study conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 in primary health care facilities with 27 participants from among women and health workers in semistructured, remote, and in-person interviews, whose data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four thematic categories were identified: delayed initiation of prenatal care, partiality in prenatal health measures, (in)health information in a pandemic period, and COVID-19 preventive measures in pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to setbacks in prenatal care, such as limiting the presence of others than not the pregnant individual during consultations and examinations, exposing groups of pregnant women to health information losses, postponing the start of prenatal care, and or compromising their deliveries, especially among Brazilian women living in Paraguay. Telecare as a strategy for prenatal follow-up has been slow to be implemented. Health services have been reorganized to maintain infection prevention measures and provide prenatal follow-up in person.

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The economic, social, cultural and political milieus that influence injection drug-related HIV risk behaviors along the US-Mexico border in the previous decade have been studied comparing cities on an East-West axis. In an effort to inform interventions targeting factors beyond the individual level, we used a cross-sectional study design comparing people who inject drugs during 2016-2018, living on a North-South axis, in two cities-Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico and El Paso, Texas, USA-situated at the midpoint of the 2000 US-Mexico borderland stretch. We conceptualize injection drug use and its antecedents and consequences as influenced by factors operating at various levels of influence. Results of analysis comparing samples recruited from each border city indicated significant differences in demographic, socioeconomic, micro- and macro-level factors that affect risk. Similarities emerged in individual-level risk behaviors and some dynamics of risk at the drug use site most frequented to use drugs. In addition, analyses testing associations across samples indicated that different contextual factors such as characteristics of the drug use sites influenced syringe sharing. In this article, we reflect on the potential tailored interventions needed to target the context of HIV transmission risk among people who use drugs and reside in binational environment.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perinatal outcomes in Brazilian, Peruvian, and Colombian women in a Brazilian reference maternity hospital based at Amazon triple border region. METHOD: A cross-sectional case study of data from 3242 live birth certificates issued at the Tabatinga public maternity hospital, in the countryside of Amazonas, in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Maternal and perinatal independent variables were analysed based on central tendency and variability, and frequency distribution for categorical variables. The Pearson's Chi-Square test and univariate analyses were performed to estimate probability ratios (Odds Ratio-OR). RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the education level in the three population groups, as well as in the number of previous pregnancies, antenatal consultations, month of initial prenatal care, and type of delivery. Brazilian pregnant women had more prenatal consultations, caesarean sections, and premature births. Peruvian and Colombian women started antenatal care later, and those with high-risk pregnancies tended to deliver in their home country. CONCLUSION FOR PRACTICE: Our findings show some singularities in the care of women and infants in the Amazonian triple border region. The Brazilian Unified Health Care System performs an important role in the guarantee of free access to health services, and ensures comprehensive care for women and infants, promoting human rights in border regions regardless of nationality.

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Background: Mexican migrants in the United States (U.S.) are twice more likely to underutilize health care and to experience low quality of care compared to the U.S.-born population. Current and former Mexican migrants in the U.S have used health services in Mexico due to lower cost, perceived quality, cultural familiarity, and the geographic proximity of the two countries. Objective: This study aims to characterize the different health care interactions of current and former U.S. Mexican migrants with public and private health care organizations of the Mexican health system and to identify strategies to improve health care interactions post-COVID19. Methods: We use a typology of cross-border patient mobility to analyze the facilitators and barriers to improve the health care interactions of current and former U.S. Mexican migrants with the Mexican health system. Our policy analysis framework examines how an outcome can be achieved by various configurations or combinations of independent variables. The main outcome variable is the improvement of health care interactions of U.S. Mexican migrants and return migrants with different government agencies and public and private health care providers in the Mexican health system. The main explanatory variables are availability, affordability, familiarity, perceived quality of health care and type of health coverage. Findings: As the Mexican health system emerges from the COVID19 pandemic, new strategies to integrate current and former U.S. Mexican migrants to the Mexican health system could be considered such as the expansion of telehealth services, a regulatory framework for health services used by transnational patients, making enrollment procedures more flexible for return migrants and guiding return migrants as they reintegrate to the Mexican health system. Conclusions: The health care interactions of U.S. Mexican migrants with the Mexican health system are likely to increase in the upcoming decades due to population ageing. Regulatory improvements and programs that address the unique needs of U.S. Mexican migrants and return migrants could substantially improve their health care interactions with the Mexican health system.

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INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer in Brazil is considered a public health problem, as it represents one of the main causes of death in female population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the presence of essential attributes of Primary Health Care in border region in the context of care for women with breast cancer. METHODS: This is a qualitative research based on the Complexity Paradigm, held in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Thematic analysis was chosen as a technique to analyze the material produced. RESULTS: The following categories emerged: Barriers to access services for women with breast cancer; (De)constructing the bond: women, professionals and health services; Fragmented care, focused on the biological: interference for comprehensiveness; and (Dis)coordination of care for women with breast cancer within the public health system. CONCLUSION: The essential attributes of Primary Health Care were not present in their entirety for care for women with breast cancer, as difficulties in accessing primary care services, weaknesses in the construction and strengthening of bonds due to discontinuity of care were reported, attributed to the incipient coordination within the public health system. It points to the need to implement care strategies, with behavioral, functional and structural changes in health services at the border.

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama no Brasil é considerado um problema de saúde pública, por representar uma das principais causas de mortes na população feminina. OBJETIVO: Analisar a presença dos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde na região de fronteira no contexto do cuidado à mulher com câncer de mama. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa baseada no Paradigma da Complexidade, realizada em Foz do Iguaçu-PR. Conduziram-se entrevistas em profundidade com 13 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Elegeu-se a Análise Temática como técnica para analisar o material produzido. RESULTADOS: Emergiram as categorias: Barreiras para o acesso aos serviços para atenção à mulher com câncer de mama; (Des)construindo o vínculo: mulheres, profissionais e serviços de saúde; Cuidado fragmentado, focado no biológico: interferência para a integralidade; e (Des)coordenação da atenção à mulher com câncer de mama no âmbito do sistema público de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Os atributos essenciais da atenção primária não estiveram presentes em sua totalidade para o cuidado à mulher com câncer de mama, visto que foram reportadas dificuldades para o acesso nos serviços de atenção primária, fragilidades na construção e fortalecimento do vínculo pela descontinuidade do cuidado, atribuído à incipiência da coordenação no âmbito do sistema público de saúde. Aponta-se para a necessidade de implementar estratégias de cuidados, com transformações comportamentais, funcionais e estruturais nos serviços de saúde na fronteira.

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Although human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are preventable and treatable at early stages, health disparities in HPV-associated cancer outcomes continue to exist among Hispanic populations. Hispanics residing along the U.S.-Mexico border face barriers distinct from other geographically dispersed populations within the United States. The current research aimed to explore perspectives and lived experiences of survivors and caregivers of HPV-associated cancers in El Paso, Texas, to inform intervention development and health practices to increase preventive services among populations residing on the U.S.-Mexico border region. A mixed-method approach was employed using a semi-structured interview guide with Quality of Life (QOL) scales with (N = 29) survivors and caregivers of HPV-associated cancers. Content analysis was used to extract themes and descriptive statistics were reported for quality of life. Five major themes were identified: (1) barriers to preventive services and treatment; (2) role of health care providers in diagnosis and care; (3) treatment challenges, support systems, and challenges associated with caregiving; and (4) HPV prevention and health recommendations from survivors and caregivers. Finally, given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an additional theme was explored on accessibility to health and human services. QOL scales suggested better overall physical health and spiritual well-being in survivors and fear of reoccurrence among caregivers and survivors. The current research highlights the role of health care providers and human service professionals in the promotion of health practices of at-risk populations by increasing health literacy among cancer patients and caregivers, and exploring experiences, challenges, and messages caregivers and survivors had regarding HPV prevention.

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Resumo Objetivo Identificar as evidências científicas sobre as competências específicas para a prática profissional do enfermeiro de saúde pública em região de fronteira. Métodos Scoping Review , conforme Instituto Joanna Briggs, por meio da questão norteadora: "Qual a produção de conhecimento sobre as competências necessárias para prática profissional de enfermeiros de saúde pública em região de fronteira?" Foram realizadas buscas em cinco bases de dados, com inclusão de estudos originais em inglês, espanhol, português e francês, publicados ou disponibilizados até junho de 2020, utilizando os descritores: enfermeiro, competência e áreas de fronteira. Resultados Dos 941 estudos encontrados, 58 foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra, resultando em uma amostra final de oito estudos de países distintos, sendo: Brasil, México, Suécia, Tailândia, Taiwan e Estados Unidos da América. A partir da análise de cada estudo, emergiram cinco competências específicas do enfermeiro de saúde pública que atua em regiões de fronteira, sendo Competência para: 1) Abordagem cultural 2) Competência para o cuidado integral e coletivo de enfermagem em região de fronteira; 3) Política para assistência em comunidades fronteiriças; 4) Linguística-comunicativa; 5) Atendimento transnacional. Conclusão Apesar de ambientes fronteiriços diversificados, os estudos selecionados apontaram competências de natureza cultural e social. O papel do enfermeiro em região de fronteira muda na medida em que a sociedade moderna se configura e se reorienta em direção a novas possibilidades identitárias. Tais mudanças refletem a necessidade de efetivar o cuidado em saúde que promova a proximidade das diferenças culturais.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las evidencias científicas sobre las competencias específicas para la práctica profesional de los enfermeros de salud pública en regiones de frontera. Métodos Scoping Review , de acuerdo con el Instituto Joanna Briggs, mediante la siguiente pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuál es la producción de conocimientos sobre las competencias necesarias para la práctica profesional de los enfermeros de salud pública en regiones de frontera?". Se realizaron búsquedas en cinco bases de datos, que incluyeron estudios originales en inglés, español, portugués y francés, publicados o colocados a disposición hasta junio de 2020 y que utilizaron los descriptores: enfermero, competencia y áreas de frontera. Resultados De los 941 estudios encontrados, se seleccionaron 58 para lectura completa, que dio como resultado una muestra final de ocho estudios de diferentes países, a saber: Brasil, México, Suecia, Tailandia y Estados Unidos de América. A partir del análisis de cada estudio, surgieron cinco competencias específicas de los enfermeros de salud pública que actúan en regiones de frontera: 1) Enfoque cultural, 2) Competencia para el cuidado integral y colectivo de enfermería en regiones de frontera, 3) Política para la atención en comunidades fronterizas, 4) Lingüística comunicativa y 5) Atención transnacional. Conclusión A pesar de haber diversos ambientes fronterizos, los estudios seleccionados indicaron competencias de naturaleza cultural y social. El papel de los enfermeros en regiones de frontera cambia en la medida en que la sociedad moderna se configura y se reorienta hacia nuevas posibilidades identitarias. Estos cambios reflejan la necesidad de materializar los cuidados de la salud que promuevan la proximidad de las diferencias culturales.

Abstract Objective To identify the scientific evidence on the specific competencies for the professional practice of public health nurses in a frontier region. Methods Scoping Review , according to Joanna Briggs Institute, through the guiding question: "What is the knowledge production about the competencies necessary for the professional practice of public health nurses in a frontier region?" Searches were conducted in five databases, with original English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French studies published or made available by June 2020, using the descriptors: nurse, competence, and border areas. Results Among the 941 studies found, 58 were selected for full-text reading, resulting in a final sample of eight studies from different countries: Brazil, Mexico, Sweden, Thailand, Taiwan, and the United States of America. From the analysis of each study, five specific competencies of the public health nurse who works in frontier regions emerged, being Competence for: 1) Cultural approach; 2) Competence for integral and collective nursing care in a frontier region; 3) Policy for assistance in frontier communities; 4) Linguistic-communicative; 5) Transnational care. Conclusion The selected studies pointed out cultural and social competencies despite diversified frontier environments. The nurse's role in a frontier region changes as modern society configures itself and reorients itself toward new identity possibilities. Such changes reflect the need for effective health care that promotes proximity to cultural differences.

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Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o distanciamento social e a quarentena tiveram um impacto significativo no aumento do número de casos de violência sexual. Embora essas medidas tenham sido essenciais para conter a propagação do vírus, elas também criaram um ambiente propício para o aumento da violência doméstica e sexual. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil dos casos de violência sexual notificados no município de Foz do Iguaçu durante o período da pandemia da Covid-19 (2020 a 2022). Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e exploratória de caráter quantitativo, realizado com as fichas de notificação compulsória dos casos de violência sexual, da vigilância epidemiológica do município de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, durante os anos de 2020 a 2022. Identificou-se predomínio de violência sexual no sexo feminino, com idade entre 1 a 15 anos. O primeiro trimestre de 2020 e 2021 tiveram maiores números de registros. Os agressores em sua maioria foram conhecidos, padrastos e o pai. A maioria dos casos ocorreram na própria residência. O distanciamento social e a quarentena criaram condições propícias para o aumento desses casos, colocando as vítimas em situações de maior vulnerabilidade e limitando seu acesso a recursos de apoio.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and quarantine have had a significant impact on the increase in the number of cases of sexual violence. While these measures have been essential to contain the spread of the virus, they have also created an environment conducive to increased domestic and sexual violence. This study aimed to identify the profile of cases of sexual violence reported in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020 to 2022). This is a cross- sectional, descriptive and exploratory survey of a quantitative nature, carried out with the compulsory notification sheets of cases of sexual violence, the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu-PR, during the years 2020 to 2022. A predominance of sexual violence was identified in the female sex, aged between 1 and 15 years. The first quarter of 2020 and 2021 had higher numbers of registrations. The aggressors were mostly known, stepfathers and father. Most of the cases occurred at home. Social distancing and quarantine have created favorable conditions for the increase in such cases, placing victims in situations of greater vulnerability and limiting their access to support resources.

Durante la pandemia COVID-19, el distanciamiento social y la cuarentena tuvieron un impacto significativo en el aumento del número de casos de violencia sexual. Aunque estas medidas eran esenciales para contener la propagación del virus, también creaban un entorno favorable para el aumento de la violencia doméstica y sexual. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil de violencia sexual reportada en el municipio de Foz do Iguaçu durante el periodo de pandemia Covid-19 (2020-2022). Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio de carácter cuantitativo, realizado con las fichas obligatorias de notificación de violencia sexual, la vigilancia epidemiológica del municipio de Foz do Iguaçu-PR durante los años 2020-22. El predominio de la violencia sexual se identificó en el sexo femenino, de edades comprendidas entre 1 y 15 años. El primer trimestre de 2020 y 2021 tuvo un mayor número de registros. Los agresores en su mayoría eran conocidos, padrastro y padre. La mayoría de los casos ocurrieron en casa. El distanciamiento social y la cuarentena han creado las condiciones para aumentar esos casos, situando a las víctimas en situaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad y limitando su acceso a los recursos de apoyo.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os principais desafios da promoção da vigilância em saúde em uma região de tríplice fronteira da Amazônia Legal brasileira. Foi realizado um estudo de caso único, explicativo, com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou dados documentais e entrevistas. Os resultados demonstram que a vigilância em saúde é fundamental para o controle de doenças na região. Além disso, as diferenças dos sistemas de saúde dos três países que compõem a tríplice fronteira (Brasil, Colômbia e Peru) se mostraram o principal desafio para o estabelecimento de políticas sanitárias.

Abstract The objective of This article was to identify the main challenges of promoting health surveillance in a triple border region of the Brazilian legal Amazon. A single explanatory case study was carried out, with a qualitative approach, which used documentary data and interviews. The Results demonstrate that health surveillance is essential for disease control in the studied region. In addition, the differences between the health systems of the three countries that make up the triple border (Brazil, Colombia, and Peru) showed to be the main challenge for establishing health policies.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the conceptions about COVID-19 among Brazilians who carry out commuting to work in clandestine mines located on the borders between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Method: This is qualitative research, from an analytical perspective, based on Social Representation Theory. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 10 Brazilians who experience work routine in clandestine mining on the border between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Results: Two analytical categories emerged: "The disease of otherness"; and "Health access dimension". Conclusion: Disease severity was attributed to another or a human body organ, and not to individuals as a whole. Access to health services was established on issues of inequity, violence and illegal practices. The nature of a transient population, which carries out commuting and informal and clandestine work, demonstrates vulnerability to COVID-19 and a lower propensity to receive care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las concepciones sobre el COVID-19 entre los brasileños que realizan desplazamientos para trabajar en minas clandestinas ubicadas en las fronteras entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación cualitativa, desde una perspectiva analítica, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grabadas en audio a 10 brasileños que viven la rutina de trabajo en minas clandestinas en la frontera entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Resultados: Se designaron dos categorías analíticas: "La enfermedad de la alteridad"; y "Dimensiones del acceso a la salud". Conclusión: La gravedad de la enfermedad se atribuyó a otro o a un órgano del cuerpo humano, y no al individuo en su conjunto. El acceso a los servicios de salud se estableció sobre temas de inequidad, violencia y prácticas ilegales. La naturaleza de la población transitoria, que realiza desplazamientos y trabajos informales y clandestinos, demuestra vulnerabilidad al COVID-19 y una menor propensión a recibir atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as concepções acerca da covid-19 entre brasileiros que realizam migração pendular para trabalhar em garimpos clandestinos situados nas fronteiras entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, em uma perspectiva analítica, alicerçada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, áudiogravadas com 10 brasileiros que vivenciam a rotina de trabalho em garimpos clandestinos na fronteira entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Resultados: Foram designadas duas categorias analíticas: "A doença da alteridade"; e "Dimensão do acesso à saúde". Conclusão: A gravidade da doença foi atribuída ao outro ou a um órgão do corpo humano, e não ao indivíduo como um todo. O acesso aos serviços de saúde instituiu-se em questões de iniquidade, violência e práticas ilegais. O caráter de população transitória, que realiza migração pendular e de trabalho informal e clandestino, demonstra vulnerabilidade à covid-19 e menor propensão a receber cuidados.

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Malaria is a highly infectious disease transmitted through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito carrying the parasite of the Plasmodium genus; it presents with cyclical fevers, myalgias, and headaches. In the United States, the vast majority of malaria cases are reported in people who travel abroad, mainly to Africa. These cases are predominantly linked to Plasmodium falciparum or ovale and can be medically treated with artemisinin, chloroquine, or atovaquone-proguanil. We discuss a case of a 38-year-old female immigrant from Venezuela living at an immigration facility who presented to a hospital located on the United States-Mexico border with a two-day history of watery diarrhea, headache, and subjective fever. She had experienced mosquito bites and likely contracted the illness in Chiapas, Mexico during her trek from Peru to the United States. Her case was unique as she tested positive for dengue fever antibodies acquired from a previous infection and also contracted rhinovirus during her clinical course. Her diagnosis of malaria was confirmed with a peripheral blood smear that revealed ring forms with no gametocytes. This in tandem with her route of travel suggested infection with Plasmodium vivax. She was treated with chloroquine while the malaria culture was pending and continued to spike fevers every 24-36 hours while on medication. Once the culture was confirmed, she was treated with atovaquone-proguanil as maintenance therapy. She was subsequently discharged on primaquine for 14 days to prevent relapse.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the the vulnerabilities to illnesses in women living on the border of the Guiana Shield mines: Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. Method: Descriptive, exploratory field study with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place with 19 women who were living in the mining context, in April 2018. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full and subsequently analyzed in the light of the concept of vulnerability. Results: Women aged between 30 and 39 years, predominantly black and brown, on a common-law marriage, multiparous, of low level of education, and with work activities related to mining. Three empirical categories emerged: Exposure to environmental and life conditions in the mines: vulnerabilities to illnesses in women; Sexual and reproductive health in the context of borders: the invisibility between legality and illegality; Gendered facets of violence in the mines on the border of the Guiana Shield. Conclusion: Vulnerability is marked in the three dimensions of the concept: in the difficult access to health services, in the discontinued treatment, and in the disparity in health policies within countries, which are important aspects of vulnerability and health conditions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las vulnerabilidades por la enfermedad de las mujeres en zonas mineras en la frontera del Escudo Guayanés: Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó con 19 mujeres que vivían el contexto de las minerías, en abril de 2018. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad y posteriormente analizadas a la luz del concepto de vulnerabilidad. Resultados: Mujeres de 30 a 39 años, predominantemente negras y pardas, unión estable, multíparas, baja escolaridad y con actividades laborales afines a la minería. Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: Exposición a las condiciones ambientales y de vida en las minerías: vulnerabilidades de las mujeres a enfermarse; salud sexual y reproductiva en el contexto de las fronteras: la invisibilidad entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad; facetas de género de la violencia en las minerías de la frontera del escudo guayanés. Conclusión: La vulnerabilidad se acentúa en las tres dimensiones del concepto, a saber, el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud, la interrupción del tratamiento y la disparidad en las políticas de salud entre países, son aspectos importantes para la vulnerabilidad y las condiciones de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres em áreas de garimpos da fronteira do Escudo das Guianas: Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 19 mulheres que vivenciavam o contexto de garimpagem, em abril de 2018. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra e posteriormente analisadas à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade. Resultados: Mulheres com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, predominantemente pretas e pardas, união estável, multíparas, baixa escolaridade e com atividades de trabalho relacionadas à garimpagem. Emergiram três categorias empíricas: Exposição às condições ambientais e de vida nos garimpos: vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres; Saúde sexual e reprodutiva no contexto de fronteiras: a invisibilidade entre a legalidade e a ilegalidade; Facetas gendradas da violência nos garimpos da fronteira do escudo das Guianas. Conclusão: A vulnerabilidade é acentuada nas três dimensões do conceito, quais sejam: a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, tratamento descontinuado e disparidade nas políticas de saúde entre os países, que são aspectos importantes à vulnerabilidade e condições de saúde.

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Objective: To present the experience and results of the reregistration of residents in Foz do Iguaçu, a border town located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, to meet the guidelines of the national Primary Health Care (PHC) Policy and its new financing model (Programa Previne Brasil). Method: A scanning strategy (convenience sample) was used for data collection, with 52 263 households visited and 22 710 interviews conducted from September to November 2019. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by 54 community health workers. Data were collected on the household (ownership status, urban or rural location, type of household, construction material, availability of electrical and sewage networks, water supply and waste disposal). Demographic and health information on the residents was also collected. Results: The reregistration process revealed that most residents were home owners and lived in well-constructed homes, located mostly in urban areas, served by electricity, with access to water supply and garbage collection. Of the reregistered population, 52.8% were women, 62.5% were aged between 15 and 59 years and 60.0% declared themselves white. Among respondents aged 15 or over, 90.0% had completed elementary school. The main occupation was "formal salaried job". Additionally, 18.6% of the interviewees declared themselves to be hypertensive and 7.0%, diabetic. Conclusions: The reregistration process uncovered relevant information to support both PHC planning as well as social assistance, work and housing initiatives; it was also fundamental to define health care strategies in this border town during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia y los resultados de la reinscripción de la población residente en Foz do Iguaçu, un municipio fronterizo ubicado en el estado de Paraná (Brasil), en cumplimiento de las directrices de la Política de atención primaria de salud y su nuevo modelo de financiamiento (Programa Previne Brasil). Métodos: Utilizando una estrategia de barrido (muestreo de conveniencia) para la recolección de datos, se visitaron 52 263 hogares y se realizaron 22 710 entrevistas entre septiembre y noviembre de 2019. Las entrevistas fueron presenciales y estuvieron a cargo de 54 trabajadores comunitarios de salud. Se recopilaron datos sobre el hogar (régimen de propiedad de la vivienda, ubicación en una zona urbana o rural, tipo de vivienda, material de construcción, disponibilidad de redes de energía eléctrica y alcantarillado, abastecimiento de agua y eliminación de desechos) e información sobre la composición demográfica y la salud de los residentes. Resultados: La reinscripción reveló que los residentes eran propietarios de sus viviendas y que estas se encontraban ubicadas en zonas urbanas, estaban bien construidas y tenían servicios de energía eléctrica, abastecimiento de agua y recolección de basura. El 52,8% de la población registrada correspondió a mujeres, el 62,5% tenía entre 15 y 59 años y el 60,0% declaró que era de raza blanca. El 90,0% de los entrevistados mayores de 15 años había terminado la escuela primaria. La ocupación principal era "persona asalariada con carnet de trabajo". Además, el 18,6% de los entrevistados indicó que tenía hipertensión y el 7,0%, diabetes. Conclusiones: La reinscripción aportó información relevante para apoyar la planificación de la atención primaria de salud , así como las iniciativas en materia de asistencia social, trabajo y vivienda; también fue fundamental para definir las estrategias de atención de salud en ese municipio fronterizo durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

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BACKGROUND: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a proxy of the living and health conditions of a given population, which allows us to assess the risk of death for children under one year. Although there is, in general, a reduction in infant mortality in Brazil little is known about this indicator in the regions and cities located on the international borders of the Brazilian territory and the changes that occurred in the face of the migratory impact of the Americas in the period from 1996 to 2020. The objectives of this study are to assess IMR in Brazilian Twin Cities (municipalities that are located on the border with a large influx of people) and its social determinants over time. METHODS: This is an ecological study, whose units of analysis were the Brazilian Twin Cities, between 1996 and 2020, based on data on births and deaths in children under one year, available in the public vital information system in Brazil. Data were identified by the city in which the infant death occurred in addition to the mother's primary city of residence. Correlation measurements were performed to test the associations of the IMR means between the independent variables. RESULTS: The Twin Cities (Bonfim, Tabatinga, Pacaraima, Porto Murtinho, Cáceres, Foz do Iguaçu, Santo Antônio do Sudoeste e Dionísio Cerqueira) had higher numbers of infant deaths per place of occurrence than the number of deaths per place of maternal residence. The Northern Twin Cities exhibited the highest IMRs. Cities in the Midwest region showed variability. In the South region, most cities showed low rates. A positive correlation was identified with the Gini index with r = 0.67 and a negative correlation with the Municipal Human Development Index indicator of r= -0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The averages of IMRs in the Twin Cities were higher than in their States. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in infant mortality in these cities.

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BACKGROUND: The recent San Diego-Mexico border wall height extension has resulted in an increased injury risk for unauthorized immigrants falling from greater heights. However, the effects of the border wall extension on frequency and morbidity of spinal injuries and related economic costs have yet to be highlighted. METHODS: We retrospectively compared two cohorts who presented to the UC San Diego Health Trauma Center for border wall falls: pre-height extension (12 patients; January 2016-May 2018), and post-height extension (102 patients; January 2020-December 2021). Patients presented during border wall construction (June 2018-December 2019) were excluded. Demographics, clinical data and hospital costs were collected. Spinal injuries were normalized using Customs and Border Protection apprehensions. Costs were adjusted for inflation using the 2021 medical care price index. RESULTS: The increase in spine injuries per month (0.8-4.25) and operative spine injuries per month (0.3- 1.7) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increase in median length of stay from 6 [interquartile range (IQR) 2-7] to 9 days (IQR 6-13) was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Median total hospital charges increased from $174 660 to $294 421 and was also significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The data support that the recent San Diego-Mexico border wall extension is correlated with more frequent, severe and costly spinal injuries. This current infrastructure should be re-evaluated as border-related injuries represent a humanitarian and public health crisis.

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