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The new HLA-DRB3*03:69 allele differs from DRB3*03:01:01:03 by change of C → G in exon 3.

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Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive and rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) that commonly presents itself as pleural, pericardial or peritoneal effusion without lymph node or extranodal involvement in immunosuppressed patients, such as HIV-positive or transplanted receptors. On rare occasions, it may be found in solid sites without effusion, in an immunophenotypically and morphologically similar neoplasm well-known as extracavitary PEL (EC-PEL). Both PEL and EC-PEL are associated with extremely poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of these entities, ther e are no gold standard treatments . Here we discuss the role of autologous bone marrow transplant (auto-BMT) in the treatment of these patients as well as report the case of a young HIV-positive male diagnosed with both PEL and EC-PEL, who underwent a salvage therapy with auto-BMT and achieved complete and sustained remission eight years after the diagnosis.

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T-cell malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), present significant challenges to treatment due to their aggressive nature and chemoresistance. Chemotherapies remain a mainstay for their management, but the aggressiveness of these cancers and their associated toxicities pose limitations. Immunepotent CRP (ICRP), a bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract, has shown promise in inducing cytotoxicity against various cancer types, including hematological cancers. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of ICRP with a panel of chemotherapies on cell line models of T-ALL and T-LBL (CEM and L5178Y-R cells, respectively) and its impact on immune system cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, splenic and bone marrow cells). Our findings demonstrate that combining ICRP with chemotherapies enhances cytotoxicity against tumoral T-cell lymphoblasts. ICRP + Cyclophosphamide (CTX) cytotoxicity is induced through a caspase-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, and calcium-dependent mechanism involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS production, and caspase activation. Low doses of ICRP in combination with CTX spare non-tumoral immune cells, overcome the bone marrow-induced resistance to CTX cell death, and improves the CTX antitumor effect in vivo in syngeneic Balb/c mice challenged with L5178Y-R. This led to a reduction in tumor volume and a decrease in Ki-67 proliferation marker expression and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio. These results set the basis for further research into the clinical application of ICRP in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens for improving outcomes in T-cell malignancies.

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Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a histiocytic neoplasm characterized by the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Bone marrow (BM) involvement is associated with high-risk disease and poor survival. Although BM involvement is particularly uncommon, no reported cases of LCH with BM infiltration have been documented in Latin America until now. The aim of this report is to highlight the clinical, hematological, and BM findings of two cases of LCH with BM infiltration, providing insights that may aid in detecting suspected patients. We present two cases of LCH with BM infiltration. One case involved a 23-month-old male patient, and the other a 16-month-old female patient. Common clinical findings in both cases included hepatosplenomegaly and fever. Hematological findings revealed anemia in both cases. The key diagnostic tool was the BM biopsy, which revealed histiocyte nests with characteristic morphology, CD1a-positive cells, increased eosinophils, and reactive paratrabecular lymphocytes. This report underscores the significance of clinical profiles in predicting BM infiltration in LCH. The presence of histiocyte nests displaying the characteristic morphology of Langerhans cells, accompanied by an elevation in eosinophils, indicates bone marrow involvement. Furthermore, the demonstration of CD1a-positive cells through immunohistochemistry serves as a crucial diagnostic tool.

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The use of stem cells capable of multilineage differentiation in treating Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD) holds great promise since they are susceptible to entering connective tissue of various cell types and repairing damaged tissues. This research investigated the effect of microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) in rats with PFD. BMSCs were transfected and analyzed for their fibroblast differentiation ability. miR-181a-5p, MFN1, and fibroblast-related genes were quantitatively analyzed. Whether MFN1 is a target gene of miR-181a-5p was predicted and confirmed. The efficacy of BMSCs in vivo rats with PFD was evaluated by measuring Leak Point Pressure (LPP), Conscious Cystometry (CMG), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining. The present results discovered that miR-181a-5p was up-regulated and MFN1 was down-regulated during the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts. Fibroblast differentiation of BMSCs was promoted after miR-181a-5p was induced or MFN1 was suppressed, but it was suppressed after miR-181a-5p was silenced. miR-181a-5p improved LPP and conscious CMG outcomes in PDF rats by targeting MFN1 expression, thereby accelerating fibroblast differentiation of BMSCs. In brief, miR-181a-5p induces fibroblast differentiation of BMSCs in PDF rats by MFN1, potentially targeting PDF therapeutics.

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Background: Rehabilitation therapy is important to treat physical and functional impairments that may occur in individuals receiving physically taxing, yet potentially curative hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). However, there is scarce data on how rehabilitation is delivered during HSCT in real-life setting. Our objective is to assess the rehabilitation practices for adult patients hospitalized for HSCT in the United States. Methods: A 48-question online survey with cancer centers with the top 10% HSCT volumes (per American registries). We obtained data on patient characteristics, rehabilitation therapy details (timing, indication, administering providers), physical function objective and subjective outcome measures, and therapy activity precautions. Results: Fourteen (out of 21) institutions were included. Rehabilitation therapy referrals occurred at admission for all patients at 35.7% of the centers for: functional decline (92.9%), fall risk (71.4%), and discharge planning (71.4%). Participating institutions had physical therapists (92.9%), occupational therapists (85.7%), speech language pathologists (64.3%) and therapy aides (35.7%) in their rehabilitation team. Approximately 71% of centers used objective functional measures including sit-to-stand tests (50.0%), balance measures (42.9%), and six-minute walk/gait speed (both 35.7%). Monitoring of blood counts to determine therapy modalities frequently occurred and therapies held for low platelet or hemoglobin values; but absolute neutrophil values were not a barrier to participate in resistance or aerobic therapies (42.9%). Discussion: Rehabilitation practices during HSCT varied among the largest volume cancer centers in the United States, but most centers provided skilled therapy, utilized objective, clinician and patient reported outcomes, and monitored blood counts for safety of therapy administration.

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Objectives: This systematic review addressed the question: "What is the prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation?" Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Grey Literature Report. Eligibility criteria were based on the condition, content, and population strategy: the condition was the radiographic prevalence of apical periodontitis, the content comprised patients scheduled for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the population consisted of adult and pediatric patients. The revised Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Exposure tool was used to assess the quality of studies. The Grading Recommendations Assessments, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. The average number of patients with apical periodontitis was 15.65% (range, 2.1%-43.34%). One study was classified as having a very high risk of bias, 1 with a high risk of bias, and 6 with some concern for bias. GRADE analysis showed a very low certainty of evidence. Significant limitations concerning the absence of control over confounding variables were identified. Conclusions: With the caveat of the very low quality of evidence in the studies reviewed, there was a low to moderate prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients prior to undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe trauma to the nervous system, leading to significant neurological damage, chronic inflammation, and persistent neuropathic pain. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, immobilization, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in fully addressing the underlying pathophysiology and resultant disabilities. Emerging research in the field of regenerative medicine has introduced innovative approaches such as autologous orthobiologic therapies, with bone marrow aspirate (BMA) being particularly notable for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of BMA to modulate inflammatory pathways, enhance tissue regeneration, and restore neurological function disrupted by SCI. We hypothesize that BMA's bioactive components may stimulate reparative processes at the cellular level, particularly when applied at strategic sites like the sacral hiatus to influence lumbar centers and higher neurological structures. By exploring the mechanisms through which BMA influences spinal repair, this review aims to establish a foundation for its application in clinical settings, potentially offering a transformative approach to SCI management that extends beyond symptomatic relief to promoting functional recovery.

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Leukemias are among the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the development of a suitable niche for hematopoietic stem cells, and are involved in the development of diseases such as leukemias, to a yet unknown extent. Here we described the effect of secretome of bone marrow MSCs obtained from healthy donors and from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on leukemic cell lineages, sensitive (K562) or resistant (K562-Lucena) to chemotherapy drugs. Cell proliferation, viability and death were evaluated, together with cell cycle, cytokine production and gene expression of ABC transporters and cyclins. The secretome of healthy MSCs decreased proliferation and viability of both K562 and K562-Lucena cells; moreover, an increase in apoptosis and necrosis rates was observed, together with the activation of caspase 3/7, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and changes in expression of several ABC proteins and cyclins D1 and D2. These effects were not observed using the secretome of MSCs derived from AML patients. In conclusion, the secretome of healthy MSCs have the capacity to inhibit the development of leukemia cells, at least in the studied conditions. However, MSCs from AML patients seem to have lost this capacity, and could therefore contribute to the development of leukemia.

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RESUMEN Las alteraciones en los recuentos celulares sanguíneos representan los hallazgos clínicos más notorios y recurrentes en pacientes que padecen enfermedad hepática, tanto aguda como crónica. Estos cambios constituyen un marcador importante de la disfunción hepática y, a menudo, desempeñan un papel crucial en la evaluación y manejo de estos pacientes. En conjunto con el alargamiento de las pruebas de coagulación, la trombocitopenia es la irregularidad más prevalente en estos individuos. Esta condición, así como las leucopenias, se le atribuye en gran medida al hiperesplenismo, una alteración en la que el bazo retiene y destruye las células sanguíneas, incluidas las plaquetas. Sin embargo, cuando el conteo plaquetario desciende por debajo de 10 x 103/µl, es fundamental considerar otras causas, como factores autoinmunitarios que pueden estar contribuyendo con la trombocitopenia. La anemia, definida como una disminución en el número de glóbulos rojos o en los niveles de hemoglobina, es otra característica constante que acompaña a la enfermedad hepática. Aunque en la mayoría de los casos la anemia es macrocítica, en algunas situaciones puede ser secundaria a eventos hemolíticos, como lo observado en el síndrome de Zieve. Esta diversidad en las manifestaciones de la anemia en pacientes hepáticos subraya la complejidad de las interacciones entre el hígado y los componentes sanguíneos. A pesar de los avances en la comprensión de las causas subyacentes de estas citopenias, las opciones del tratamiento siguen siendo limitadas. Generalmente, las opciones terapéuticas se enfocan en la administración de transfusiones de hemocomponentes para compensar las deficiencias en los recuentos celulares o en el uso de análogos de trombopoyetina (TPO) para estimular temporalmente la producción de las plaquetas en la medula ósea. No obstante, estos tratamientos tienden a abordar los síntomas más que las causas fundamentales de las alteraciones hematológicas en la enfermedad hepática. La persistencia y el empeoramiento de estas alteraciones pueden servir como indicadores tempranos de la progresión de la disfunción hepática. La relación intrincada entre el hígado y la homeostasis hematológica continúa siendo objeto de investigación, la compresión más profunda de estos mecanismos podría abrir potencialmente la puerta hacia enfoques terapéuticos más específicos y efectivos para abordar las citopenias en el contexto de la enfermedad hepática.

ABSTRACT Alterations in blood cell counts are the most prominent and recurrent clinical findings among patients suffering from both acute and chronic liver disease. These changes are an important marker of liver failure and often play a key role in the evaluation and management of these patients. Together with the prolongation of coagulation tests, thrombocytopenia is the most common disorder among these individuals. This condition, as well as leukopenia, is largely attributable to hypersplenism, a disorder in which the spleen retains and destroys blood cells, including platelets. However, when the platelet count drops below 10x103/µl, it is essential to consider other causes, such as autoimmune factors that may be contributing to the development of thrombocytopenia. Anemia, defined as a decrease in red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels, is another common characteristic of liver disease. Although in most cases macrocytic anemia occurs, in some situations it can be secondary to hemolytic events, as observed in Zieve's syndrome. This wide range of manifestations of anemia among liver patients highlights the complex interaction between liver and blood components. Despite advances in understanding the underlying causes of these cytopenias, treatment options remain limited. Therapeutic options generally focus on the transfusion of blood products to compensate for deficiencies in cell counts or on the use of thrombopoietin (TPO) analogues to temporarily stimulate platelet production in the bone marrow. However, these treatments tend to address the symptoms rather than the root causes of hematologic disorders in liver disease. The persistence and worsening of these disorders may serve as early indicators of the progression of liver failure. The complicated relationship between liver and hematological homeostasis remains the subject of research. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could potentially open the door toward more targeted and effective therapeutic approaches to address cytopenias in the context of liver disease.

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This study aims to perform an extensive review of the literature that evaluates various factors that affect the survival rates of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in developed and developing countries. An extensive search of the literature was made in four different databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search was carried out in December 2022 and updated in July 2023, and the terms such as "hematopoietic stem cell transplantation," "bone marrow transplant," "mortality," "opportunistic infections," and "survival" associated with "severe combined immunodeficiency" were sought based on the MeSH terms. The language of the articles was "English," and only articles published from 2000 onwards were selected. Twenty-three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for review and data extraction. The data collected corroborates that early HSCT, but above all, HSCT in patients without active infections, is related to better overall survival. The universal implementation of newborn screening for SCID will be a fundamental pillar for enabling most transplants to be carried out in this "ideal scenario" at an early age and free from infection. HSCT with an HLA-identical sibling donor is also associated with better survival rates, but this is the least common scenario. For this reason, transplantation with matched unrelated donors (MUD) and mismatched related donors (mMRD/Haploidentical) appear as alternatives. The results obtained with MUD are improving and show survival rates similar to those of MSD, as well as they do not require manipulation of the graft with expensive technologies. However, they still have high rates of complications after HSCT. Transplants with mMRD/Haplo are performed just in a few large centers because of the high costs of the technology to perform CD3/CD19 depletion and TCRαß/CD19 depletion or CD34 + selection techniques in vitro. The new possibility of in vivo T cell depletion using post-transplant cyclophosphamide could also be a viable alternative for performing mMRD transplants in centers that do not have this technology, especially in developing countries.

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Chronic wounds, characterized by prolonged healing processes, pose a significant medical challenge with multifaceted aetiologies, including local and systemic factors. Here, it explores the complex pathogenesis of chronic wounds, emphasizing the disruption in the normal phases of wound healing, particularly the inflammatory phase, leading to an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics and persistent inflammation. Senescent cell populations further contribute to impaired wound healing in chronic lesions. Traditional medical management focuses on addressing underlying causes, but many chronic wounds resist to conventional treatments, necessitating innovative approaches. Recent attention has turned to autologous orthobiologics, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as potential regenerative interventions. These biologically derived materials, including bone marrow aspirate/concentrate (BMA/BMAC) and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), exhibit promising cytokine content and regenerative potential. MSCs, in particular, have emerged as key players in wound healing, influencing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. This paper reviews relevant scientific literature regarding basic science and brings real-world evidence regarding the use of orthobiologics in the treatment of chronic wounds, irrespective of aetiology. The discussion highlights the regenerative properties of PRP, PRF, BMA, BMAC and SVF, showcasing their potential to enhance wound healing. Despite advancements, further research is essential to elucidate the specific roles of each orthobiologic and determine optimal applications for different wound types. The conclusion underscores the evolving landscape in chronic wound management, with a call for more comprehensive studies to refine treatment strategies and maximize the benefits of regenerative medicine.

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Caracterizar o conhecimento dos graduandos de uma instituição de ensino superior acerca do processo de doação de medula óssea. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foram entrevistados 266 graduandos, de ambos os sexos, entre 17 e 21 anos de idade. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas sobre o conhecimento a respeito do processo de doação de medula óssea. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes não conhece o processo de cadastro e doação de medula óssea, tendo como a falta de informação a principal causa para a desinformação a respeito do tema abordado, consequentemente resultando em pouca demanda para que mais pessoas sejam cadastradas no REDOME. Conclusão: os estudantes do ensino superior desconhecem os processos que envolvem desde ao cadastro até a doação de medula óssea, devido à desinformação e pouca divulgação sobre a temática. (AU)

To characterize the knowledge of undergraduates from a higher education institution about the bone marrow donation process. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. 266 undergraduates were interviewed, of both sexes, between 17 and 21 years old. A structured questionnaire was used, containing questions about their knowledge about the bone marrow donation process. Results: Most participants do not know the bone marrow registration and donation process, with lack of information being the main cause for misinformation about the topic addressed, consequently resulting in little demand for more people to be registered in REDOME. Conclusion: the higher education students are unaware of the processes that involve from registration to bone marrow donation, due to misinformation and little dissemination on the subject. (AU)

Caracterizar el conocimiento de estudiantes de grado de una institución de educación superior sobre el proceso de donación de médula ósea. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo. Se entrevistaron 266 estudiantes universitarios, de ambos sexos, entre 17 y 21 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado que contenía preguntas sobre el conocimiento sobre el proceso de donación de médula ósea. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes desconocen el proceso de registro y donación de médula ósea, siendo la falta de información la principal causa de la desinformación sobre el tema abordado, por lo que se genera poca demanda para que más personas se registren en REDOME. Conclusión: los estudiantes de educación superior desconocen los procesos que involucran desde el registro hasta la donación de médula ósea, debido a la desinformación y poca difusión sobre el tema. (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Casiopeina III-ia (CasIII-ia) is a mixed chelate copper (II) compound capable of interacting with free radicals generated in the respiratory chain through redox reactions, producing toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that compromise the viability of cancer cells, bacteria and protozoa. Due to its remarkable effect on protozoa, this study evaluated the effect of CasIII-ia on Leishmania mexicana amastigotes and its potential use as a treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the murine model. METHODS: We analyzed the leishmanicidal effect of CasIII-ia on L. mexicana amastigotes and on their survival in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we evaluated the production of ROS in treated parasites and the efficacy of CasIII-ia in the treatment of mice infected with L. mexicana. RESULTS: Our results show that CasIII-ia reduces parasite viability in a dose-dependent manner that correlates with increased ROS production. A decrease in the size of footpad lesions and in parasite loads was observed in infected mice treated with the intraperitoneal administration of CasIII-ia. CONCLUSIONS: We propose CasIII-ia as a potential drug for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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One of the hallmarks of cancer is the expansion and accumulation of highly immunosuppressive myeloid cells known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). To study MDSCs biology, differentiation from hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) is an useful tool to elucidate the biological and biochemical mechanisms associated with acquisition of immune suppressive activity and expansion in cancer. Although this is one of the protocols performed to study immune suppressive myeloid cells, differentiation of MDSCs from HPC is a method that allows to modify conditions of the supernatants used. In this protocol, we outline the process of differentiating HPCs into MDSCs in vitro using tumor explant supernatants to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment.

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The treatment of aplastic anemia (AA) has significantly advanced in the last 50 years, evolving from a fatal condition to one where survival rates now exceed 80-85%. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) have become the primary treatments, with the latter widely adopted due to factors like the scarcity of compatible donors, patient age, comorbidities, and limited HSCT access. A therapy breakthrough was the introduction of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), with its effectiveness further boosted by cyclosporine. However, it took years to achieve another major milestone in management. Initially, treatments aimed to intensify immunosuppression following the success of the ATG-cyclosporine combination, but these methods fell short of expectations. A major turning point was combining immunosuppression with stem cell stimulation, surpassing the efficacy of IST alone. Earlier, growth factors had shown limited success in AA treatment, but thrombopoietin receptor agonists represented a significant advancement. Initially applied alone as salvage, these were later combined with IST, forming the most effective current regimen for medically managing SAA. Horse ATG is the preferred formulation combined with cyclosporine and eltrombopag. This progress in AA treatment offers improved outcomes for patients afflicted with this once-lethal disease.

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BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is a common neoplasm in horses but is reported much less commonly in donkeys. In this case report, we describe the macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical features of a multicentric lymphoma with intestinal and bone marrow involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: A geriatric female donkey with history of chronic lameness was found dead. Post-mortem examination revealed advanced emaciation, periodontal disease, left front foot laminitis and multiple, soft, white to yellow tan intestinal transmural masses, up to 12 cm in diameter. Cytology suggested a round cell intestinal neoplasm. The femur of the left hint limb was double the size of the normal contralateral, with suspected neoplastic infiltration and replacement of bone marrow and bone. Histologically we diagnosed a lymphoma in the intestine and left femur. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells showed CD3 immunolabelling, supporting a diagnosis of a multicentric T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time multicentric lymphoma is diagnosed in donkeys. Further studies of the genetic background, clinical, laboratory, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical, as well as the pathogenesis of lymphoma, is needed to better understand the uniquely low frequency of this neoplasm in donkeys.

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SUMMARY: Senile osteoporosis is mainly caused by reduced osteoblast differentiation and has become the leading cause of fractures in the elderly worldwide. Natural organics are emerging as a potential option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This study was designed to study the effect of resveratrol on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteoporosis mice. A mouse model of osteoporosis was established by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone and treated with resveratrol administered by gavage. In vivo and in vitro, we used western blot to detect protein expression, and evaluated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by detecting the expression of osteogenic differentiation related proteins, calcium deposition, ALP activity and osteocalcin content. Resveratrol treatment significantly increased the body weight of mice, the level of serum Ca2+, 25(OH)D and osteocalcin, ration of bone weight, bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular spacing and cortical thickness in osteoporosis mice. In BMSCs of osteoporosis mice, resveratrol treatment significantly increased the expression of Runx2, osterix (OSX) and osteocalcin (OCN) protein, the level of calcium deposition, ALP activity and osteocalcin content. In addition, resveratrol treatment also significantly increased the expression of SIRT1, p-PI3K / PI3K and p-AKT / AKT in BMSCs of osteoporosis mice. In vitro, resveratrol increased the expression of SIRT1, p-PI3K / PI3K and p-AKT / AKT, Runx2, OSX and OCN protein, the level of calcium deposition, ALP activity and osteocalcin content in BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, while SIRT1 knockdown significantly reversed the effect of resveratrol. Resveratrol can attenuate osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/PI3K/AKT pathway.

La osteoporosis senil es causada principalmente por una diferenciación reducida de osteoblastos y se ha convertido en la principal causa de fracturas en las personas mayores en todo el mundo. Los productos orgánicos naturales están surgiendo como una opción potencial para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Este estudio fue diseñado para estudiar el efecto del resveratrol en la diferenciación osteogénica de las células madre mesenquimales de la médula ósea (BMSC) en ratones con osteoporosis. Se estableció un modelo de osteoporosis en ratones mediante inyección subcutánea de dexametasona y se trató con resveratrol administrado por sonda. In vivo e in vitro, utilizamos Western blot para detectar la expresión de proteínas y evaluamos la diferenciación osteogénica de BMSC detectando la expresión de proteínas relacionadas con la diferenciación osteogénica, la deposición de calcio, la actividad de ALP y el contenido de osteocalcina. El tratamiento con resveratrol aumentó significativamente el peso corporal de los ratones, el nivel sérico de Ca2+, 25(OH)D y osteocalcina, la proporción de peso óseo, el volumen óseo/ volumen total, el espesor trabecular, el número trabecular, el espaciado trabecular y el espesor cortical en ratones con osteoporosis. En BMSC de ratones con osteoporosis, el tratamiento con resveratrol aumentó significativamente la expresión de las proteínas Runx2, osterix (OSX) y osteocalcina (OCN), el nivel de deposición de calcio, la actividad de ALP y el contenido de osteocalcina. Además, el tratamiento con resveratrol también aumentó significativamente la expresión de SIRT1, p-PI3K/PI3K y p-AKT/AKT en BMSC de ratones con osteoporosis. In vitro, el resveratrol aumentó la expresión de las proteínas SIRT1, p-PI3K/PI3K y p- AKT/AKT, Runx2, OSX y OCN, el nivel de deposición de calcio, la actividad de ALP y el contenido de osteocalcina en BMSC de manera dependiente de la concentración, mientras que La caída de SIRT1 revirtió significativamente el efecto del resveratrol. El resveratrol puede atenuar la osteoporosis al promover la diferenciación osteogénica de las células madre mesenquimales de la médula ósea, y el mecanismo puede estar relacionado con la regulación de la vía SIRT1/PI3K/AKT.

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Background: Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD) is a rare and poorly documented pathology corresponding to an unusual hematopoietic tissue in maxillary bones. Several studies have investigated FOBMD but reported different and heterogenous approaches to a correct diagnosis. Therefore, this systematic review evaluated the relevance of imaging exams in aiding FOBMD diagnosis and the implications in surgical planning for dental implants.The research question was: What is the relevance of imaging tests in aiding FOBMD diagnosis? Methods: Online databases were searched to select articles based on eligibility criteria. The studies included in the systematic review were submitted to bias and applicability assessments using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for study quality assessment. Results: A total of 383 articles were obtained from all the databases, 27 studies were included, and all performed biopsies to confirm the diagnosis. The selected studies evaluated 698 patients, including approximately 80% of women, corroborating the literature that notes a higher prevalence of this lesion in women. The reviewed articles showed a low risk of bias for case series, moderate for case reports, and low for cross-sectional studies. Conclusion: The studies considered in this systematic review have shown that radiographic characteristics may sufficiently identify the lesion and provide a periodic radiographic follow-up. However, it is worth noting the need for CBCT for planning oral rehabilitation through implants to minimize the risks of such complications.