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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different meditation practices on eating behavior, changes in body weight, and mental health. METHODS: A virtual questionnaire was used to evaluate meditation practices and current and prepandemic weights. The questionnaire comprised specific and validated instruments to evaluate body image (silhouette scale), eating behavior (21-item three-factor eating questionnaire), current sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory). Initially, data from all the respondents were assessed (n = 764). Mindfulness was the most common type of meditation practice in most Brazilian regions. RESULTS: Lower scores in uncontrolled eating (meditation practitioners = 32.19 ± 19.72 and non-meditation practitioners = 35.17 ± 20.50; P = 0.038) and higher weight loss (meditation practitioners = -0.77 ± 8.44 and non-meditation practitioners = 1.29 ± 6.39; P = 0.013) were observed among those who practiced some type of meditation. To verify the influence of weight, we analyzed the data of individuals who had body mass index ≥25 kg/m²; overweight individuals presented lower uncontrolled eating scores when they practiced meditation. However, no statistical difference was observed between meditation practitioners and non-practitioners when only adequate weight individuals were evaluated. The practice also influenced the perception of body image among men and resulted in lower uncontrolled eating scores on the 21-item three-factor eating questionnaire and greater weight loss during the pandemic among women. Those practicing meditation for >13 mo had a lower final score on the anxiety assessment instrument compared with those practicing for <12 mo (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the inclusion of meditation practice as part of the management of overweight may reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors and negative emotions, thereby contributing to weight loss, especially in the long term.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Sobrepeso , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Sobrepeso/terapia , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Redução de Peso , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ballet dancers are a risk group for body image (BI) distortion, dissatisfaction and eating disorders (ED), but few studies have investigated these aspects in amateur adult practitioners. This study aimed to evaluate if amateur female adult classical ballet dancers presented different BI and behaviors for ED than gym users and sedentary women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study where classical ballet dancers (n = 19) were compared to gym users (n = 19) and sedentary women (n = 19). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and a figure rating scale was applied to assess BI distortion/dissatisfaction. The body shape questionnaire (BSQ) was used to measure BI concern. The eating attitudes test (EAT-26) and the bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh (BITE) were used for behaviors toward anorexia and bulimia. RESULTS: BMI was significantly lower in ballet dancers than gym users and sedentary women (F, p = .04). BI distortion did not differ among the studied groups. BI dissatisfaction was lower (X2, p = .041) in ballet dancers (75.0%) and gym users (70.6%) compared to sedentary women (100%). Correspondence analysis showed ballet dancers were mostly not concerned with BI, which was not observed among the other groups. The EAT-26 did not differ between the studied groups. The BITE score was lower (Tukey's post hoc test, p = .005) in the ballet dancers [mean 5.3 (5.6)] compared to the sedentary women [mean 10.9 (4.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that amateur classical ballet practicing is associated to better BI and fewer behaviors for ED in the studied population. The lower BMI in ballet dancers might explain these findings, and further studies should explore these associations.
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Abstract Introduction: The current beauty standard is associated with thinness, a situation that alters the body perception and can lead to the development of an eating disorder. Objective: To determine the relationship between the indexes of body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion and risky eating behaviors (REB) in a university population of medicine students in Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 187 students. A register was drawn up that included the SFS-test to evaluate the body image and to estimate the indices of dissatisfaction and distortion of the body image, the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors validated in Mexican population, as well as social variables. A descriptive analysis was carried out with basic measures of frequency and dispersion, bivariate and multimodal analyses were performed too. Results: 43 % were female, and the average age was 21 (± 1.7) similar in both sexes. The prevalence of high risk of REB was 8.6 %, higher in men (9.4 % versus 7.4 %) and medium risk (23.5 %) with the distribution reversed by sex (28.4 % in women and 19.8 % in men). The dissatisfaction index was 59.4 % covering those who perceived having a higher weight than they would like to have. Concerning the distortion of the own body image it was observed that 41.2 % supposed to haveing a higher weight than what resulted from the anthropometric evaluation. Discussion: Dissatisfaction rates showed a positive correlation gradient with REBs, being this more evident in men.
Resumen Introducción: el estándar de belleza actual se asocia con la delgadez, situación que puede alterar la percepción corporal y consecuentemente conducir al desarrollo de algún trastorno alimentario. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), en una población universitaria de estudiantes de medicina en Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una población de 187 estudiantes. Se elaboró una cédula que incluyó el SFS-test para evaluar la imagen corporal y estimar los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal; el Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo validado en población mexicana, así como variables sociales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con medidas básicas de frecuencia y dispersión, bivariado y multimodal. Resultados: el 43 % eran mujeres y la edad promedio 21 años (±1.7) similar en ambos sexos. La prevalencia de alto riesgo de CAR fue de 8.6 %>, superior en los hombres (9.4 % frente a 7.4 %>) y del mediano riesgo 23.5 % con la distribución invertida por sexo (28.4 % en las mujeres y 19.8 % en los hombres). El índice de insatisfacción fue del 59.4 %, quienes percibieron tener mayor peso del que les gustaría tener y en la distorsión de la imagen corporal se observó que un 41.2 % suponía tener mayor peso que el arrojado por la evaluación antropométrica. Conclusión: los índices de insatisfacción mostraron gradiente de correlación positivo con las CAR, siendo más evidente en los hombres.
Resumo Introdução: o standard de beleza atual associa-se com a magreza, situação que pode alterar a percepção corporal e consequentemente conduzir ao desenvolvimento de algum transtorno alimentar. Objetivo: determinar a relação dos índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal e as Condutas Alimentares de Risco (CAR), em uma população universitária de estudantes de medicina em Veracruz, México. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal analítico, em uma população de 187 estudantes. Elaborou-se uma cédula que incluiu o teste SFS para avaliar a imagem corporal e estimar os índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal; o Questionário Breve de Condutas Alimentares de Risco validado em população mexicana, assim como variáveis sociais. Se realizou a análise descritiva com medidas básicas de frequência e dispersão, bivariado e multimodal. Resultados: o 43 % foram mulheres e a idade média 21 anos (±1.7) similar em ambos os sexos. A prevalência de alto risco de CAR foi de 8.6 %, superior nos homens (9.4 %> versus 7.4 %>) e do mediano risco 23.5 %> com a distribuição invertida por sexo (28.4 % nas mulheres e 19.8 % nos homens). O índice de insatisfação foi de 59.4 %, quem percebera ter maior peso do que gostaria ter, e a distorção da imagem corporal observara-se que um 41.2 %>, quem supunha ter maior peso que o obtido pela avaliação antropométrica. Conclusão: os índices de insatisfação mostraram gradiente de correlação positivo com as CAR, sendo mais evidente nos homens.
Assuntos
Humanos , Imagem Corporal , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Insatisfação Corporal , MéxicoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de una intervención terapéutica que facilite la utilización del cuerpo de manera funcional, con un patrón coherente de respuestas cognoscitivas, motoras y autónomas, independientemente de la satisfacción o distorsión de la imagen corporal. Método: Mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo). Veintiún mujeres con anorexia, bulimia o trastornos del comportamiento alimentario no específicos (TCANES, DSM-5) completaron el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y un Cuestionario de Auto-evaluación de la Imagen Corporal, antes y después de 14 sesiones. Construyeron una biografía corporal usando fotografías, organizaron su jerarquía de exposición y realizaron ejercicios de integración sensorial. Las narraciones de esas experiencias fueron registradas. Los terapeutas evaluaron las respuestas en una forma cualitativa. Resultados: El 90.47% lograron exponerse a todos los ítems de su jerarquía, el 95.23% se comportaron coherentemente, el 76.19% siguieron emitiendo la respuesta, el 95.23% tuvieron una respuesta emocional acorde y el 90.47% pensaron en disfrutar al emitir la respuesta. Se encontraron diferencias significativas pre y post en el puntaje BSQ (Chi2 16.4, p = 0.0001), pero no con relación al tipo de TCA, edad, cronicidad o IMC. Conclusión: Las técnicas de exposición enfocadas al uso funcional del cuerpo parecen construir evidencias que facilitan el cambio en las respuestas autónomas, motoras y cognoscitivas, independientemente de la distorsión o insatisfacción de la imagen corporal.
Abstract. Objective: To analyze the impact of a therapeutic intervention using the body in a functional way with a coherent response pattern (cognitive, motoric and autonomic) independently of the body image satisfaction or distortion. Method: Mixed (quantitative and qualitative). Twenty one women with AN, BN or EDNOS (DSM-V), completed the BSQ and self evaluation of body image questionnaires before and after 14 sessions, built the photographic history of their body, organized their exposure hierarchy and perform sensory integration exercises. The narratives of these experiences were registered. Therapist evaluated the responses in a qualitative way. Results: 90.47% were able to expose themselves to all items in their hierarchy, 95.23% behave in a coherent way, 76.19% continued responding in such a way, 95.23% had a coherent emotional response and 90.47% thought about experiencing pleasure when behaving in such a way. Significant differences were founded in BSQ pre and post (Chi2 16.4, P = .0001), but not in relation with ED type, age, chronicity, or BMI. Conclusion: Exposure techniques that focus on the functional use of the body seem to help construct evidences that facilitate changes in autonomic, motoric and autonomic responses, independently of body satisfaction or distortion.