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Blood count abnormalities are frequent in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and there is still a lack of information in pediatric complete blood count (CBC) results. Thus, this study aims to correlate the CBC in the emergency room of children with COVID-19 between 0 and 10 years old and the clinical severity of the disease. A retrospective cohort study was performed in children with COVID-19 who collected at the emergency room CBC, C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio (LNR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), monocyte to neutrophil ratio (MNR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR). In total, demographic data from 93 children with median age of 19 months (0.3-126), 60.2% males, were included. The main changes in the CBC were atypical lymphocytes (51.6%) and eosinopenia (49.5%). From 69 hospitalized children, 21 were considered severe. There was no association between age, gender, and CRP value with clinical severity. The presence of underlying disease was five times higher (odds ratio [OR] = 5.08) in patients who required hospitalization and a higher NLR value was 54% (OR = 1.54) more likely to occur. Eosinopenia was three times more frequent in inpatients with disease severity criteria (OR = 3.05). In conclusion, children younger than 10 years of age with COVID-19 have changes in the CBC collected in the emergency room, mainly atypical lymphocytes and eosinopenia. The presence of a comorbidity or a higher NLR increases the chance of hospitalization. In addition, eosinopenia was a predictor of severity in inpatient children due to COVID-19.

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OBJECTIVE: This study introduces the complete blood count (CBC), a standard prenatal screening test, as a biomarker for diagnosing preeclampsia with severe features (sPE), employing machine learning models. METHODS: We used a boosting machine learning model fed with synthetic data generated through a new methodology called DAS (Data Augmentation and Smoothing). Using data from a Brazilian study including 132 pregnant women, we generated 3,552 synthetic samples for model training. To improve interpretability, we also provided a ridge regression model. RESULTS: Our boosting model obtained an AUROC of 0.90±0.10, sensitivity of 0.95, and specificity of 0.79 to differentiate sPE and non-PE pregnant women, using CBC parameters of neutrophils count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). In addition, we provided a ridge regression equation using the same three CBC parameters, which is fully interpretable and achieved an AUROC of 0.79±0.10 to differentiate the both groups. Moreover, we also showed that a monocyte count lower than 490 / m m 3 yielded a sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.72. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that ML-powered CBC could be used as a biomarker for sPE diagnosis support. In addition, we showed that a low monocyte count alone could be an indicator of sPE. SIGNIFICANCE: Although preeclampsia has been extensively studied, no laboratory biomarker with favorable cost-effectiveness has been proposed. Using artificial intelligence, we proposed to use the CBC, a low-cost, fast, and well-spread blood test, as a biomarker for sPE.

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Introducción: Los parámetros hematológicos proporcionan al equipo médico marcadores pronósticos útiles en la evolución clínica de la enfermedad de COVID-19. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la evolución desfavorable de los valores hematológicos y el óbito de los pacientes internados con COVID-19. Metodologia: El estudio es observacional, correlacional y longitudinal. Se realizó la revisión de fichas clínicas de los pacientes mayores a 18 años internados entre enero y marzo del 2021. Se registró en una planilla Excel el resultado de los parámetros hematológicos al ingreso, a las 48 horas, a los 8 días y al egreso. Los datos fueron analizados con Epi Info 7.1 (CDC, Atlanta) según estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 144 pacientes, se observaron 68 (47,2%) muertes, con predominio del sexo masculino (63,2%) y, mayores a 60 años (47,1%). Los factores asociados a mortalidad fueron la hipertensión (52,9% vs 31,6%; p=0,009), la diabetes (50% vs 26,3%; p=0,003) y, la obesidad (41,2% vs 25%; p=0,039). Los parámetros hematológicos desfavorables asociados a la mortalidad se presentaron a partir de los 8 días de internación con leucocitosis (64,1% vs 33,3%; p=0,003), linfopenia (96,8% vs 79%; p=0,008), neutrofilia (98,5% vs 87,7%; p=0,029) y, un elevado índice neutrófilo/linfocito (INL) (96,9% vs 75,4%; p=0,001). Discusión: Los parámetros hematológicos que se asociaron con la mortalidad fueron leucocitosis con neutrofilia, linfopenia e INL elevado. Estos parámetros podrían tener valor pronóstico en el seguimiento para contribuir en el manejo de estos pacientes.

Introduction: Hematological parameters provide the medical team with useful prognostic markers in the clinical evolution of COVID-19 disease. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the unfavorable evolution of hematological values and the death of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methodology: The study is observational, correlational, and longitudinal. A review of the clinical records of patients over 18 years of age hospitalized between January and March 2021 was carried out. The results of the hematological parameters at admission, at 48 hours, at 8 days and at discharge were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. The data were analyzed with Epi Info 7.1 (CDC, Atlanta) according to descriptive statistics. Results: Of 144 patients, 68 (47.2%) deaths were observed, with a predominance of males (63.2%) and those over 60 years of age (47.1%). The factors associated with mortality were hypertension (52.9% vs 31.6%; p=0.009), diabetes (50% vs 26.3%; p=0.003) and obesity (41.2% vs 25 %; p=0.039). The unfavorable hematological parameters associated with mortality occurred after 8 days of hospitalization with leukocytosis (64.1% vs 33.3%; p=0.003), lymphopenia (96.8% vs 79%; p=0.008), neutrophilia (98.5% vs 87.7%; p=0.029) and a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (96.9% vs 75.4%; p=0.001). Discussion: The hematological parameters that were associated with mortality were leukocytosis with neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and elevated NLR. These parameters could have prognostic value in follow-up to contribute to the management of these patients.

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The evaluation of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters and the subsequent establishment of reference intervals facilitate the diagnosis of the health status of animals. This work aimed to determine the blood parameters of wild specimens of the stingrays Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi from the lower Solimões River region, Amazonas, Brazil. One hundred forty-one stingrays were captured, 92 specimens of P. motoro and 49 of P. orbignyi, of both sexes and at different stages of development. No effect of sex was observed on the blood parameters of juvenile animals for both species. P. motoro neonates presented a distinct hematological and biochemical profile, with significantly lower hematocrit values, hemoglobina, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocytes, plasma glucose, total proteins, albumin, and globulin. On the other hand, total cholesterol and urea levels were significantly higher in this same group compared to juveniles of the same species. Comparison between species revealed lower values of triglycerides and total cholesterol in P. orbignyi of both sexes. The results obtained are pioneering for these Amazonian species in white water environments and will serve as a basis for evaluating the health status of wild stingrays. Thus, from the analysis of the blood of the P. motoro and P. orbignyi stingrays, it was possible to observe good health conditions.

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INTRODUCTION: An intracellular parasite of mononuclear phagocytes, mainly distributed in the bone marrow and the spleen, causes visceral leishmaniasis. Complete blood count (CBC) reveals the poorly understood pathogenesis of anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Our study aimed to compare the CBC with bone marrow cytomorphological features and their association with clinical outcomes to clarify this relevant issue. METHODS: The CBC and bone marrow of 118 patients were described by two hematologists and compared to check their association with each other and mortality. RESULTS: Peripheral cytopenias were common findings, particularly anemia, as seen in almost all patients. No relationship was found between values of hemoglobin, neutrophils and platelet count with fatal outcomes. The bone marrow was normocellular in 61.9% of the cases. Dysplasia figures were frequent and 49.1% of the samples had dysgranulopoiesis. Additionally, erythroid hyperplasia was found in 72% of the patients with severe anemia. Patients with reduced bone marrow cellularity, erythroid hypercellularity and dyserythropoiesis seem to have a riskier disease. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that the bone marrow of patients with visceral leishmaniasis manifests a reactional pattern to the inflammatory event, thereby modulating cytokines and other colony growth factors. This compensatory response may be dysplastic and ineffective and generate peripheral cytopenias of varying intensity. Further studies are needed to clarify the signaling pathways involved, which may be used as therapeutic tools in the future.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a sound database for the hematological reference intervals of thoroughbred foals in Trinidad, West Indies from birth to 1 month of age. ANIMALS: 89 foals. METHODS: Whole blood samples were taken from 89 foals throughout Trinidad at approximately 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month of age. These foals were examined to be classified as healthy or free from disease. Complete blood count (CBC), microscopic analysis of blood smears, and conventional PCR for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were performed. RESULTS: Of the 89 foals, 67 were deemed healthy and suitable for establishing reference intervals. Foals in this study had lower mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values for all 3 times of sampling when compared to their North American counterparts. Age had a significant effect on hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and platelet counts of the foals from birth to 1 month of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Variations in reference intervals can occur due to differences in demographic, physiological, and environmental factors such as age, gender, breed, and geographical location. Given the changes in the hematological values over time, this study provides clinicians with valuable information that can be used to monitor the health status of newborn foals and detect disease conditions.

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Resumen Conocer la estabilidad de las muestras biológicas es esencial para obtener resultados confiables en el laboratorio de análisis clínicos. La Norma IRAM-ISO 15189:2023 establece que cada laboratorio debe estandarizar las condiciones de almacenamiento de las muestras. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el tiempo y la temperatura óptimos para conservar muestras sanguíneas para la determinación de parámetros hematológicos en un analizador Sysmex XN 1000. Se procesaron muestras de sangre entera conservadas hasta 48 horas a temperatura ambiente y hasta 72 horas en heladera. De acuerdo a los resultados, para la determinación del hemograma, las muestras almacenadas a temperatura ambiente deben procesarse dentro de las 6-8 horas posextracción; los parámetros limitantes son aquellos influenciados por cambios en el volumen eritrocitario. En las muestras conservadas en heladera el análisis puede retrasarse hasta 48 horas y el recuento de plaquetas es el parámetro menos estable.

Abstract Knowing sample stability is essential to obtain reliable results in the clinical laboratory. The IRAM-ISO 15189:2023 Standard establishes that each laboratory must standardise the storage conditions of biological samples. This study was conducted to investigate the stability of haematological parameters using a Sysmex XN 1000 in samples stored for up to 48-72 hours at different temperatures. According to these results, the hematologic analytes should be processed in this laboratory within 6-8 hours after extraction if they are stored at room temperature. The limiting parameters are those influenced by changes in the erythrocyte volume. If storage is in a refrigerator, the analysis can be delayed up to 48 hours, being platelet count the limiting parameter.

Resumo Conhecer a estabilidade das amostras biológicas é essencial para obter resultados confiáveis no laboratório de exames clínicas. A Norma IRAM-ISO 15189:2023 estabelece que cada laboratório deve padronizar as condições de armazenamento das amostras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tempo e a temperatura ideais para preservar amostras de sangue para a determinação de parâmetros hematológicos em um analisador em um Sysmex XN 1000. Para isso, foram processadas amostras de sangue total armazenadas por até 48 horas em temperatura ambiente e por até 72 horas em geladeira. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, para a determinação do hemograma, as amostras armazenadas em temperatura ambiente devem ser processadas dentro de 6-8 horas após a extração, sendo os parâmetros limitantes aqueles influenciados por alterações no volume eritrocitário. Nas amostras armazenadas em geladeira, a análise pode demorar até 48 horas, sendo a contagem de plaquetas o parâmetro menos estável.

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This investigation aimed to assess the physiological parameters and quality of milk and fresh cheeses produced by cows that were housed in paddocks, either with or without shade, and supplemented with a phytogenic additive. Sixteen crossbred cows were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, dividing them into paddocks with or without shade, and providing or not providing a phytogenic additive in their feed. This resulted in a total of four treatment groups and sixteen experimental plots, each containing four animals, over four periods of 21 days. Various parameters were examined, including haematology, rectal and skin temperature, respiratory rate, milk yield and composition, serum parameters, and cheese yield and quality. It is worth noting that the temperature and humidity, as measured by a black globe thermometer, did not display significant variations between the different environments and exhibited minimal fluctuations throughout the day. Additionally, the supplementation of the phytogenic additive led to a reduction in haematocrit levels (p = 0.011). Furthermore, the analysis showed that whey obtained from cheese production had a higher fat content when cows were without access to shade (p = 0.005). Notably, there was an interaction between factors in relation to the total dry extract content, which was lower when cows had access to shade and received the additive (p = 0.010). In summary, the provision of a phytogenic additive and the presence or absence of shade did not bring about significant changes in milk production and quality or in the yield and quality of fresh cheese.

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The Brazilian savannah region, characterized by high average temperatures, well-defined rainy and dry seasons, soil with low productive potential, and high pressure for parasitic diseases, is home to the highest percentage of the beef herd, which is the world's largest commercial beef producer. Therefore, breeds that present rusticity combined with productivity are the focus of research in cattle breeding in the region. Considering their geographic particularities and their effects on the animals' blood parameters, the objective was to study the behavior of hematological variables, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins in beef calves at weaning age. Jugular blood samples were collected in a single day from 30 weaning calves (about eight months old and 200 kg of body weight) from the following breeds: Nellore, Senepol, Nellore × Aberdeen Angus cross, Nellore × Senepol cross, and Nellore × Aberdeen Angus × Senepol cross. Hematological data were obtained using an automatic cell counter, serum biochemical measurements were obtained using commercial kits, and the electrophoretogram was obtained using the SDS-page technique. In general, the results were consistent with data already published in similar situations regarding health status, age, and level of metabolic activity. However, differences observed between groups can be explained by differences observed in other concurrent variables like temperament. The pure zebu breed was more reactive than pure taurine. While crossbreds showed intermediate values, and parasitic infestation, the pure taurine breed with higher parasite infestation, while the zebu breed had lower values, which produced effects in some laboratory tests, and generated differences between breeds. In conclusion, the reference intervals available for healthy animals can be routinely used without interference from the geographic region for animals produced without nutritional failures as long as changes are recorded in pathological, infectious, metabolic, or nutritional deficiency situations. However, it is suggested that a study covering a larger number of herds may demonstrate a greater geographic effect on the studied variables.

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Ectoparasites are important to the one health concept because their parasitism can result in the transmission of pathogens, allergic reactions, the release of toxins, morbidity, and even death of the host. Ectoparasites can affect host physiology, as reflected in immune defenses and body condition as well as hematological and biochemical parameters. Thus, evidence that ectoparasites influence host hematological parameters was systematically reviewed, and the methodological quality of these studies was analyzed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and the studies included were limited to those that evaluated changes in hematological tests in ectoparasite-infested and non-infested animals, and bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments guideline. Thirty-four studies were selected and information about the host, ectoparasite infestation, blood collection, and analysis was collected and compared whenever possible. In this review, the presence of ectoparasites influenced both the red series and the white series of hematological parameters. Among the main parameters analyzed, hematocrit, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes showed reductions, probably due to ectoparasite blood-feeding, while including eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils increased in infested animals due to the host immune response. However, methodologic improvements are needed to reduce the risk of bias, enhance the reproducibility of such studies, and ensure results aligned with the mechanisms that act in the ectoparasite-host relationship.

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Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n = 17), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. Obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) than control cats, although within the reference ranges for the species. As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS + HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS + HRP and TAC-FRAP than control cats. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

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Background: Cystoisospora spp. is considered a potential pathogen to cause diarrhoea in cats, and the disease occurs clinically, especially in young, weak and immunocompromised cats. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility and diagnostic roles of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios in diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-five cats with diarrhea due to infection caused by Cystoisospora spp. and 15 healthy cats were included in this study. The anamnesis, clinical and laboratory findings of all cats were recorded. A clinical severity score was generated for diarrheal cats, which included activity, appetite, presence of vomit, and faecal consistency. Also, cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. were classified as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) positive (+) and SIRS (-) group according to the presence of at least 3 of the SIRS criteria. The Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were diagnosed by direct smear and simple faecal flotation. Cats found positive for other parasitic and protozoal agents by faeces examination were excluded from the study. Complete blood counts (CBC) were performed with an automated blood cell counter for all cats. Blood smears were prepared (with May-Grunwald Giemsa) from samples, and the CBC results were confirmed microscopically (obj.100x). White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were recorded directly from the CBC. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated as the ratio of the absolute neutrophil count to the absolute lymphocyte count. The monocyte-to-lymphocyte was calculated as the absolute monocyte count ratio to the absolute lymphocyte count. White blood cell (P = 0.015), neutrophil (P = 0.001), monocyte (P = 0.033), NLR (P = 0.000) and MLR (P = 0.042) of diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. were significantly higher than in the healthy group. There was no significant difference between groups in the lymphocyte counts (P > 0.05). SIRS (+) group had statistically significantly higher WBC (P = 0.014), neutrophil counts (P = 0.000), NLR (P = 0.000) and MLR (P = 0.037) than the healthy group. Also, neutrophil counts and NLR of the SIRS (+) group were statistically significantly higher than the SIRS (-) group (P = 0.032; P = 0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference SIRS (+), SIRS (-), and healthy groups regarding lymphocyte and monocyte counts (P > 0.05). The clinical severity of the disease positively correlated with NLR and MLR. Also, the best cut-off value of NLR to predict SIRS was > 1.67, with 92.86% sensitivity and 84.62% specificity. MLR was not a useful predictor for SIRS. Discussion: NLR and MLR are parameters derived from complete blood count. In recent years, they have been used in human and veterinary medicine as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment follow-up of various diseases and provide valuable information about inflammation. In cats, there are limited studies on NLR, and to our knowledge, there are no studies on MLR. The current study suggests that NLR and MLR may be used to determine the severity of the inflammatory condition in diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp., and NLR is a useful marker for predicting SIRS status in these cats. In addition, this study also will contribute to larger-scale studies in the future.

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A high frequency of feline leishmaniasis has been reported in several countries. However, much information about disease progression in cats still needs to be clarified. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of clinicopathological changes in cats infected with Leishmania infantum. A total of 60 cats were divided into three groups of 20 animals each: control, suspects, and infected. All 60 cats underwent blood count and biochemical analyses. Serum samples from 20 animals with leishmaniasis were also used to diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. A total of five of the infected animals underwent necropsy for a histopathological study. The main clinical findings in cats with leishmaniasis were lymphadenomegaly (65%), alopecia (55%), ulcerative skin lesions and weight loss (40%), skin nodules (25%), a significant reduction in red blood cells (p=0.0005) and hematocrit (p=0.0007), hyperplasia in spleen 4/5(80%), presence of Leishmania in the spleen 2/5(40%), hepatitis 3/5(60%), liver degeneration 4/5(80%) and inflammatory nephropathy 3/5(60%). It was concluded that cats with leishmaniasis presented significant clinical, hematological, and histopathological alterations compatible with L. infantum infection. The observation of lymphadenomegaly, weight loss, skin lesions and low concentration of red blood cells, contributes significantly to the diagnosis and analysis of progression of feline leishmaniasis.(AU)

Uma alta frequência de leishmaniose felina tem sido relatada em vários países. No entanto, muitas informações sobre a progressão da doença em gatos ainda precisam ser esclarecidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de alterações clinicopatológicas em gatos infectados por Leishmania infantum. Um total de 60 gatos foi dividido em três grupos de 20 animais cada: controle, suspeitos e infectados. Todos os 60 gatos foram submetidos à hemograma e testes bioquímicos. Amostras de soro de 20 animais com leishmaniose também foram utilizadas para diagnosticar o vírus da imunodeficiência felina e o vírus da leucemia felina. Um total de cinco dos animais infectados foram necropsiados para estudo histopatológico. Os principais achados clínicos nos gatos com leishmaniose foram linfadenomegalia (65%), alopecia (55%), lesões ulcerativas na pele e emagrecimento (40%), nódulos cutâneos (25%), redução significativa de hemácias (p=0,0005) e hematócrito (p=0,0007), hiperplasia no baço 4/5(80%), presença de Leishmania no baço 2/5(40%), hepatite 3/5(60%), degeneração hepática 4/5(80%) e nefropatia inflamatória 3/5(60%). Concluiu-se que gatos com leishmaniose apresentaram alterações clínicas, hematológicas e histopatológicas significativas compatíveis com infecção por L. infantum. A observação de linfadenomegalia, emagrecimento, lesões cutâneas e baixa concentração de hemácias, contribui significativamente para o diagnóstico e análise da progressão da leishmaniose felina.(AU)

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Introdução: A dengue é considerada a arbovirose mais comum no mundo, sendo hoje um problema crescente de saúde pública. Objetivo: Por ser considerada de alta prevalência, foi realizada a avaliação hematológica de um paciente hospitalizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na cidade de Umuarama-PR. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, do qual foram analisados os resultados de hemogramas obtidos por um laboratório local, considerando que o paciente constava como sorologia positiva para NS1. Foram avaliados 09 laudos de hemograma emitidos durantes 5 dias de internamento do paciente. Os resultados foram comparados entre os laudos e com os valores de referência disponibilizados pelo próprio laudo. Resultados: Com base na análise dos hemogramas pode-se verificar a redução do hematócrito em 33,33%, macrocitose em 88,9%, leucopenia em 27,3%, trombocitopenia em 27,3%. Conclusão: Conclui-se que através dos laudos avaliados foram encontrados plaquetopenia, leucopenia, linfocitopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocitopenia. Evidenciando o hemograma como uma ferramenta laboratorial de grande auxílio na avaliação do paciente.

Introduction: Dengue is considered the most common arbovirus in the world, and is now a growing public health problem. Objective: Due to its high prevalence, a hematological evaluation of a patient hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit in the city of Umuarama-PR was carried out. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study, in which the results of blood counts obtained by a local laboratory were analyzed, considering that the patient had positive serology for NS1. 09 blood count reports issued during the 5 days of the patient's hospitalization were evaluated. The results were compared between the reports and with the reference values provided by the report itself. Results: Based on the analysis of blood counts, it was possible to verify a reduction in hematocrit in 33.33%, macrocytosis in 88.9%, leukopenia in 27.3%, thrombocytopenia in 27.3%. Conclusion: It is concluded that through the evaluated reports, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia were found. Evidencing the blood count as a laboratory tool of great help in the evaluation of the patient.

Introducción: El dengue es considerado el arbovirus más común en el mundo, y actualmente es un problema creciente de salud pública. Objetivo: Debido a su alta prevalencia, se realizó una evaluación hematológica de un paciente hospitalizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de la ciudad de Umuarama-PR. Metodología: Se trató de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el cual fueron analizados los resultados de los hemogramas obtenidos por un laboratorio local, considerando que el paciente tenía serología positiva para NS1. Fueron evaluados 09 informes de hemogramas emitidos durante los 5 días de internación del paciente. Los resultados se compararon entre los informes y con los valores de referencia proporcionados por el propio informe. Resultados: A partir del análisis de los hemogramas, fue posible verificar reducción del hematocrito en 33,33%, macrocitosis en 88,9%, leucopenia en 27,3%, trombocitopenia en 27,3%. Conclusiones: Se concluye que a través de los reportes evaluados se encontró trombocitopenia, leucopenia, linfocitopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia, monocitopenia. Evidenciando el hemograma como una herramienta de laboratorio de gran ayuda en la evaluación del paciente.

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Introducción: Los primeros casos con neumonía atípica de etiología desconocida fueron reportados en Wuhan, China en diciembre de 2019. En enero 2020 se describió como agente causal un nuevo tipo de virus de la familia Coronaviridae, denominado SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Evaluar la significación clínica de los cambios hematológicos y morfológicos en la sangre periférica de pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal que incluyó a los pacientes con COVID-19 que ingresaron en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Freyre de Andrade desde el 1ro de junio hasta 31 de septiembre de 2021. Los pacientes fueron asignados a dos grupos según fueron admitidos, en las unidades de vigilancia intensiva o en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se les realizó hemograma completo y lámina periférica el día del ingreso para evaluar la significación clínica de estas variables en la evolución de estos pacientes. Resultados: El sexo femenino predominó en los pacientes ingresados en unidades de vigilancia intensiva (67,36 %) y el masculino en los ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (63,26 %). La media de edad fue mayor en el grupo de pacientes en cuidados intensivos (65,83 años). La leucocitosis y el menor recuento de plaquetas predominaron en los pacientes ingresados en cuidados intensivos, seguido de linfopenia. Las macroplaquetas, las vacuolas citoplasmáticas y las granulaciones tóxicas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: El hemograma y el frotis de sangre periférica son útiles para diagnosticar y predecir la evolución de los pacientes y permiten un mejor manejo de la infección.

Introduction: The first cases of atypical pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In January 2020 a new virus from Coronaviridae family was described as causal agent and was named SARS-COV-2. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of numerical values of complete blood count (CBC) and morphologic changes on peripheral blood on patients with COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive, observational, transversal study included patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted in Freyre de Andrade Hospital in Havana, between June 1st and September 31st of 2022 was carried out. Patients were assigned to two groups according to their admission in intensive vigilance ward or intensive care unit. CBC test and peripheral blood smear were performed on admission day to evaluate the significance on clinical evolution. Results: Female sex predominated on intensive vigilance group (67,36 %) and male in intensive care group (63,26 %). Media of age was superior in intensive care group (67,83 years). Leukocytosis and low level of platelets count were significantly more common in more severe group followed by lymphopenia. The presence of big platelets, cytoplasmic vacuoles and toxic granules were more common in intensive care unit group. Conclusions: The CBC and peripheral blood smear are useful tools to diagnose and predict clinical evolution and allow a better management of infection.

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Background: Pyometra is a bacterial and hormone-induced reproductive disease that occurs in the post-estrus luteal phase in intact queens. Pyometra is more common in the diestrus period due to the high progesterone concentration (in queens that mated, spontaneously ovulated, or were induced to ovulate). However, it can also be seen due to the use of exogenous hormones such as progesterone for the suppression of estrus. More research is needed in cases of pyometra in queens, as well as in bitches. Because, considering that the pathogenesis and characteristics of feline pyometra is similar to bitches, studies on pyometra-affected bitches are taken as reference in studies and applications on queens. From this point of view, the aims of this study were to reveal the changes in complete blood count, blood gas, and serum biochemistry parameters in feline pyometra cases and to determine the correlation between the mentioned parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 25 female cats of different breeds were used, between the ages of 6 months and 7 years, 15 were diagnosed with pyometra, and 10 healthy. Anamnesis, clinical findings, and ultrasonographic examinations were used in the diagnosis of pyometra. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on queens brought to the clinic with complaints such as anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, abdominal tension, and fever. The control group (n =10) consisted of queens that were introduced to the clinic and were reproductively healthy. Before any treatment in queens with pyometra and the control group, 1 mL blood samples were taken from v. cephalica to evaluate complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemistry parameters. In complete WBC, Lym, Mon, Gra, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and PLT parameters and, blood gas parameters such as pH, pCO2 , pO2 , sO2 , Na, K, Cl, lactate, glucose, HCO3 , and BE were also evaluated in taken blood samples. Biochemical parameters BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, amylase, T.BIL, D.BIL, P, CHOL, TG, LDH, TP, CPK, ALP, Ca, GGT were measured in serum samples. After examination and laboratory analysis, ovariohysterectomy was performed on queens as a treatment. Granulocyte, WBC, HCT and MCH levels of the pyometra group were higher (P < 0.05) and Lym levels were lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. According to these results, pH, HCO3 , and BE were lower (P < 0.05) in queens with pyometra than those in the control group, while Na and lactate parameters were higher (P < 0.05). According to the results of biochemical analysis, it was determined that BUN, creatinine levels, GGT, and LDH enzyme activities were found to be higher in the pyometra group compared to the control group, while the Ca level was found to be low (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between BUN and creatinine and LDH, WBC, granulocyte, HCT, and lactate, and a negative correlation between lymphocytes, pH, and BE in the correlation analysis performed on queens with pyometra and control group. However, a positive correlation was observed between creatinine and LDH and HCT, and a negative correlation between lymphocyte, pH and BE. Discussion: There is not enough information about pyometra in queens. As a result, it was determined that there were significant changes in complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemical parameters in queens with pyometra in this study. These changes were generally thought to be related to dehydration and sepsis or endotoxemia. In addition, it was evaluated that prerenal azotemia occurring in pyometra affected queens may cause renal dysfunction. For this reason, it is thought that the results obtained in the presented study may contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pyometra cases in queens.

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Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

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Interstitial pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy that commonly results in uterine rupture and life-threatening haemorrhage. Interstitial ectopic pregnancies are associated with a 2-5% mortality rate and a high risk of uterine rupture before 12 weeks of gestation when compared to tubal pregnancy. Due to the thickness and distensibility of the interstitial segment of the Fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy in this location attains a considerable size before complications arise. Unfortunately, this clinical entity may prove to be a diagnostic challenge, leading to delays in treatment and significant morbidity and mortality in women of reproductive age. Herein, we report a case of a ruptured interstitial ectopic pregnancy occurring at 17 weeks of gestation that was successfully managed with surgical intervention, after proving to be a diagnostic challenge.

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Dirofilaria immitis is a nematode that infects canids worldwide as well as other mammalian species, including humans. Worms and dogs are well adapted to one another, making dogs the best urban host for the parasite. Nevertheless, 30% of dogs do not sufficiently present microfilaremia, that is, the low larval load impairs transmission by mosquitoes and diagnosis by its detection in the blood samples. Therefore, the canine diagnosis must always include a microfilaria test and serological tests to detect adult worm antigens. To describe the clinical findings in naturally infected dogs in Rio de Janeiro, 34 dogs were included in the study. All dogs were evaluated for history, anamnesis, physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), D. immitis testing for antigens (ELISA test SNAP 4Dx Plus®), and microfilarial burden. The most frequent complaint from the owners was coughing (14.7%, 5/34). The most common CBC finding was eosinophilia (29.4%), followed by thrombocytopenia (26.5%) and neutrophilia (14.7%). Of the 34 animals, 91.2% were microfilaremic, with a mean count of 11.939 microfilaria/mL. Veterinarians working in areas endemic to D. immitis should always undergo screening tests and pulmonary auscultation, and increased expiratory sounds, even in the absence of coughing, can be considered a sign of the disease, along with eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia.

Dirofilaria immitis, é um nematoide que infecta canídeos em todo o mundo, bem como outras espécies de mamíferos, incluindo humanos. Os vermes e os cães estão bem adaptados um ao outro, tornando os cães o melhor hospedeiro urbano para o parasita. Contudo, 30% dos cães não apresentam microfilaremia, prejudicando a transmissão pelos mosquitos e o diagnóstico por detecção de larvas em amostras de sangue. Portanto, o diagnóstico canino deve incluir sempre a pesquisa de microfilárias e sorologia para detecção do antígeno do verme adulto. Com o objetivo de descrever os achados clínicos de cães naturalmente infectados no Rio de Janeiro, 34 cães foram incluídos. Todos os cães foram avaliados por histórico, anamnese, exame físico, hemograma completo (CBC), teste de antígenos, pesquisa e contagem de microfilárias de D. immitis. A queixa mais frequente dos responsáveis foi a tosse (14,7% - 5/34). O achado de hemograma mais comum foi eosinofilia (29,4%), seguido de trombocitopenia (26,5%) e neutrofilia (14,7%). Dos 34 animais, 91,2% eram microfilarêmicos com contagem média de 11.939 microfilárias/mL. Os veterinários que atuam em áreas endêmicas de D. immitis devem sempre realizar exames de triagem e ausculta pulmonar, pois mesmo na ausência de tosse, sons expiratórios aumentados podem ser considerados um sinal da doença, assim como eosinofilia, trombocitopenia e neutrofilia.

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BACKGROUND: The development and state of innate immune cell function during the first 90 days of life in dairy calves have not been fully described. OBJECTIVE: This transversal study attempted to examine the changes that occur in circulating blood cells and the innate immune response in healthy calves from birth to 89 days of age. METHODS: Healthy Holstein calves represent three windows of development, G1 from 1 to 7 days old (n = 26), G2 from 30 to 40 days old (n = 28), and G3 from 60 to 89 days old (n = 36) were sampled once each from a single herd. A few biomarkers of the general health and innate and inflammatory immune responses were measured. RESULTS: The youngest calves had the lowest red blood cell (RBC) counts, cell hemoglobin concentration means (CHCMs), red cell distribution widths (RDWs), and cell hemoglobin contents of mature red blood cells (CHm) compared with the other groups. They also had the lowest iron concentrations and highest intracellular myeloperoxidase indices. However, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte concentrations gradually increased from G1 to G3. G2 calves had the lowest serum protein concentrations and highest number of innate immune cells compared with the other groups. Calves were able to mount phagocytic and ROS responses from birth. CONCLUSIONS: The physiologic responses of circulating blood cells and innate immune responses in dairy calves are shown according to age. Neonates had limitations in several RBC and WBC indices and immunologic responses that would likely impact overall vigor and health. Fortunately, these limitations resolve by 90 days of age.

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