RESUMO
RESUMEN El Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (BMM) del centro de Veracruz, México, representa un paisaje alterado por actividades antrópicas, por lo que es necesario evaluar el potencial evolutivo y adaptativo de las aves refugiadas en el sitio, las cuales se enfrentan a un paisaje con un gradiente heterogéneo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de aves en fragmentos de BMM y vegetación secundaria (VS), en el predio Finca La Pastoría, Huatusco, Veracruz, así como, asociar su presencia y/o alimentación a cada hábitat evaluado. Se identificaron las especies y número de individuos en 14 sitios de observación de aves, con el método de muestreo basado en conteo por puntos con radio fijo de 30 m. Se registraron 100 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias y 15 órdenes. En el BMM se identificaron 916 individuos, correspondientes a 89 especies, y en VS 331 individuos de 54 especies, encontrando diferencias significativas de diversidad de aves entre coberturas de muestreo. Destacan los registros de Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi y Vireo griseus, por ser endémicas. La primera está clasificada en peligro de extinción, mientras que la segunda se encuentra sujeta a protección especial y la tercera amenazada. También se registraron Pionus senilis, especie amenazada; Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis y Amazona albifrons, sujetas a protección especial. Este estudio brinda información sobre cómo la avifauna hace uso diferencial de dos coberturas de vegetación, la cual puede servir para generar estrategias sustentables para el manejo y conservación del bosque.
ABSTRACT The Cloud Forest (CF) in central Veracruz, Mexico, represents a landscape that has been altered by anthropic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the evolutionary and adaptive potential of the birds sheltered in the site, which face a landscape with a heterogeneous gradient. The objective of the study was to describe the diversity of birds in fragments of CF and secondary vegetation (VS), in the property "Finca La Pastoría", Huatusco, Veracruz. The species and number of individuals in 14 bird watching sites were identified, with the sampling method based on counting points with a fixed radius of 30 m. 100 species from 33 families and 15 orders were recorded. In the CF, 916 individuals were identified, corresponding to 89 species, and in VS 331 individuals of 54 species, finding significant differences in bird diversity between sampling coverages. The records of Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi and Vireo griseus stand out for being endemic and classified as endangered and threatened, respectively. Furthermore, Pionus senilis, a threatened species, as well as Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis and Amazona albifrons, subject to special protection, were also recorded. This study provides information on how the birds make differential use of two vegetation covers, which can be used to generate sustainable strategies for forest management and conservation.
RESUMO
Fragmentos urbanos têm se tornado verdadeiros refúgios para animais e plantas que buscam nessas áreas com recursos para a sua sobrevivência apresentando, sobretudo, uma grande importância para a conservação de aves que necessitam de um espaço mínimo para encontrar abrigo, alimento, locais propícios para nidificar e outros indivíduos da mesma espécie para reproduzir. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma lista das espécies de aves registradas em um fragmento urbano da Zona da Mata Mineira, assim como avaliar a flutuação de aves aquáticas durante um período de obras no local. Em seis anos de coleta, que foram divididos entre antes, durante e após a obra, foram registradas 160 espécies de aves, com seis espécies novas para a região. Houve variação na riqueza de espécies de aves associadas a ambientes aquáticos durante o estudo e o desaparecimento de Coraciiformes. Os resultados confirmaram o potencial de fragmentos urbanos em abrigar espécies de aves ameaçadas e que vêm enfrentando dificuldades em manter suas populações.(AU)
Birds of the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Urban fragments have become true refuges for animals and plants that seek resource areas for their survival and, above all, are of great importance for conservation of birds that have minimal space to find shelter, food, breeding sites and others. In this sense, the present study aimed to draw up a list of bird species recorded in an urban fragment of Zona da Mata Mineira, as well as to evaluate the fluctuation of waterfowls during a period of construction on site. In six years of collection, which were divided between before, during and after the building, 160 species were recorded with six new species to the region. There was variation in bird species associated with aquatic environments during the study and in the disappearance of Coraciiformes. The results confirmed the potential of urban fragments to house endangered bird species that are facing difficulties in maintaining their populations.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Área Urbana , Aves/classificação , BrasilRESUMO
Fragmentos urbanos têm se tornado verdadeiros refúgios para animais e plantas que buscam nessas áreas com recursos para a sua sobrevivência apresentando, sobretudo, uma grande importância para a conservação de aves que necessitam de um espaço mínimo para encontrar abrigo, alimento, locais propícios para nidificar e outros indivíduos da mesma espécie para reproduzir. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma lista das espécies de aves registradas em um fragmento urbano da Zona da Mata Mineira, assim como avaliar a flutuação de aves aquáticas durante um período de obras no local. Em seis anos de coleta, que foram divididos entre antes, durante e após a obra, foram registradas 160 espécies de aves, com seis espécies novas para a região. Houve variação na riqueza de espécies de aves associadas a ambientes aquáticos durante o estudo e o desaparecimento de Coraciiformes. Os resultados confirmaram o potencial de fragmentos urbanos em abrigar espécies de aves ameaçadas e que vêm enfrentando dificuldades em manter suas populações.
Birds of the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Urban fragments have become true refuges for animals and plants that seek resource areas for their survival and, above all, are of great importance for conservation of birds that have minimal space to find shelter, food, breeding sites and others. In this sense, the present study aimed to draw up a list of bird species recorded in an urban fragment of Zona da Mata Mineira, as well as to evaluate the fluctuation of waterfowls during a period of construction on site. In six years of collection, which were divided between before, during and after the building, 160 species were recorded with six new species to the region. There was variation in bird species associated with aquatic environments during the study and in the disappearance of Coraciiformes. The results confirmed the potential of urban fragments to house endangered bird species that are facing difficulties in maintaining their populations.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves/classificação , Biodiversidade , Área Urbana , BrasilRESUMO
Oaxaca hosts one of the greatest biodiversity in México, occupying first place in avian diversity compared to other regions of the country. However, the area is undergoing serious problems such as high deforestation rates, soil erosion and over exploitation and extinction of species. These factors have all contributed to the current loss of biodiversity. Also, biological inventories are still incomplete. One of the least explored sites is the semiarid zone of Tehuantepec isthmus, around the locality of Santa Maria del Mar, Oaxaca, México. The area includes floodable grasslands, mangrove areas and dry forest, providing a range of potential habitats for different species. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of temporal lakes on spatial and temporal composition of the avifauna in Santa Maria del Mar, in order to generate information regarding this group within the region and the state, and to understand the importance of flood areas for resident and transitory birds. We conducted 12 avifauna surveys between July 2006 and June 2008, and established two transects of 2km length in each of four habitat types (beach, grassland, dry forest, and mangrove). We found a total of 75 species, corresponding to 16 orders and 30 families. Within an area of 26km², we significantly found 10.1% of the total number of bird species recorded for the entire state, and 6.6% of the total reported in Mexico. The families most represented were: Ardeidae, Laridae and Scolopacidae. Over the entire study period, dry forest was the most diverse habitat; followed by mangrove, grassland and the beach. Of all the species recorded, 38.6% were found at the edge or in the temporal lakes. We found a significant difference in species composition between seasons in the grassland, but no difference in the other habitats. Our results showed a significant effect of temporary lakes on avian diversity during the wet season; it also demonstrated the importance of grassland conservation given its relevance for presence of waterbirds. We suggested a continued and more intense monitoring; and proposed the designation of the area as an important Conservation Bird Area (AiCA).
Oaxaca alberga una biodiversidad de las más grandes en México, ocupando el primer lugar en diversidad de aves si se le compara con otras regiones del país. Sin embargo, el área sufre serios problemas tales como altas tasas de deforestación, erosión de suelo y sobre explotación y extinción de especies. Todos estos factores han contribuido con la actual pérdida de diversidad biológica. Además, los inventarios biológicos aún están incompletos. Una de las zonas menos exploradas es la parte semiárida del istmo de Tehuantepec, en los alrededores de la localidad de Santa María del Mar, Oaxaca, México. El área incluye pastizales inundables, áreas de manglar y de selva seca, y provee de una gama de hábitat potenciales para diversas especies. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de las lagunas temporales en la composición espacial y temporal de la avifauna en Santa María del Mar, con el propósito de generar información relacionada con este grupo dentro de la región y del estado, además de comprender la importancia de las áreas inundables para las aves residentes y migratorias. Entre julio 2006 y junio 2008 realizamos 12 monitoreos de la avifauna, y establecimos dos transectos de 2km de longitud para cada uno de los cuatro tipos de hábitat (playa, pastizal, selva seca y manglar). Encontramos un total de 75 especies, correspondendiendo a 16 órdenes y 30 familias. Dentro de un área de 26km², de manera significativa registramos el 10.1% del total de aves registradas para todo el estado y el 6.6% del total de especies registradas para México. Las familias mejor representadas fueron: Ardeidae, Laridae y Scolopacidae. Para todo el periodo de estudio, la selva seca fue el hábitat más diverso, seguido por el manglar, el pastizal abierto y la playa. Del total de especies registradas, el 38.6% se encontraron en el borde o dentro de lagunas temporales. Encontramos una diferencia significativa en la composición de especies entre temporadas en el pastizal, pero no se encontró diferencia entre el resto de los hábitat. Nuestros resultados muestran un efecto significativo de las lagunas temporales sobre la diversidad de la avifauna durante la temporada lluviosa; también evidencian la importancia de la conservación de los pastizales, dada su relevancia para la presencia de aves acuáticas. Sugerimos realizar un monitoreo continuo e intensivo, y proponemos que la zona sea designada como un área de importancia para la Conservación de las Aves (AiCA).
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Aves/classificação , Lagos , México , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Fragmentation of natural habitats is a central concern of biodiversity conservation and is considered a significant factor contributing to species loss and populations decline. We studied this in Cotové Agricultural Center in the municipality of Santa Fe de Antioquia (Colombia),where the conversion of natural forests to different land use systems, has limited the amount of available habitat. With the aim to describe the effect of habitat loss on bird presence in five land uses (fruiting trees, silvopastoral systems, secondary forest, pasture low density of trees and grass cutting) in this area, we studied bird diversity using two methods: fixed point counts and mist nets to analyze the influence of land use in the composition, richness and abundance of birds present were studied. A total of 6 633 individuals of 101 species were observed of which 11 species were migratory. The insectivorous and frugivorous foraging guilds were better represented. The Shannon index indicated the highest values of alpha diversity for the silvopastoral system, and the fruit with the lowest. The grazing and silvopastoral land systems shared more species with low tree density. The importance of the environmental heterogeneity found is highlighted as a positive factor for bird species richness, mostly of low and middle habitat specificity, and preferably from edge habitats and open areas. In order to preserve natural regeneration and connectivity between different land use types, and to promote stability of bird species populations, some management actions should be implemented in the area.
En el Centro Agropecuario Cotové, en el municipio de Santa Fe de Antioquia (Colombia), se estudió la diversidad de aves utilizando las metodologías de puntos fijos de conteo y redes de niebla en cinco usos del suelo (Frutales, Sistema silvopastoril, Bosque secundario, Pastoreo con baja densidad de árboles y Pastos de corte), para analizar la influencia sobre la composición, riqueza y abundancia de la avifauna. Se registraron 6 633 individuos de 101 especies, de las cuales 11 especies son migratorias. En términos de abundancia, la mayoría de las especies fueron raras y pocas comunes. Los gremios alimenticios mejor representados fueron insectívoros y frugívoros. El índice de Shannon indica que el Sistema silvopastoril presenta los valores de diversidad alfa más altos y los frutales los más bajos. Los usos del suelo que compartieron más especies fueron sistema Silvopastoril y Pastoreo con baja densidad de árboles. La heterogeneidad ambiental del centro actúa de forma diferente para las especies, beneficia en su mayoría aves de baja y media especificidad de hábitat, y con preferencia de hábitats de borde y áreas abiertas, por lo que se deben implementar acciones de manejo dirigidas a la conservación de áreas de regeneración natural y conectividad entre usos del suelo, para que las poblaciones de especies de aves presentes en la zona puedan ser mantenidas en el tiempo.