RESUMO

There is a great diversity of spiders in the world, around 50,000 species, among which the brown spiders stand out, belonging to the genus Loxosceles. They are reclusive and not very aggressive spiders, but their presence in domestic environments increase interactions with humans. In Brazil, the bites from Loxosceles sp. represent a challenge to public health, requiring the production of antiarachnid serum, currently manufactured only by Butantan Institute. Research and production of serums require care and training to prevent accidents and ensure the well-being of these animals. O objective of the study was to record physiological and pathological aspects of spiders Loxosceles gaucho through photographs, aiming to create material to assist employees of the Arthropod Bioterium of the Butantan Institute in the management of these animals. Data collection took place over 78 hours spread over 13 days, using pre-adult animals. Photographs were captured with a smartphone iphone 14, with the help of artificial light Right light. The results revealed information about the physiology and pathologies of these spiders, highlighting theimportance of understanding, mainly, the processes related to molting. A Photographic Guide was developed to help trainemployees. It is concluded that it is urgent to train employees to deal with spiders, highlighting the importance of photographic records. These images offer an accurate and detailed representation, enabling analysis detailed, in addition to serving as essential permanent records for research, documentation, teaching and training.Investments in resources, such as a professional camera, for creating material quality education, are necessary for future advances in understanding and management of these species.

No mundo, há uma grande diversidade de aranhas, cerca de 50.000 espécies, dentre as quais destacam-se as aranhas-marrons, pertencentes ao gênero Loxosceles. São aranhas reclusas e pouco agressivas, mas sua presença em ambientes domésticos aumenta as interações com humanos. No Brasil, as picadas de Loxosceles sp. representam um desafio para a saúde pública, exigindo a produção de soro antiaracnídico, atualmente fabricado apenas pelo Instituto Butantan. A pesquisa e produção de soros demandam cuidados e treinamento para prevenir acidentes e garantir o bem-estar desses animais. O objetivo do estudo foi registrar aspectos fisiológicos e patológicos das aranhas Loxosceles gaucho através de fotografias, visando criar um material para auxiliar os funcionários do Biotério de Artrópodes do Instituto Butantan no manejo desses animais. A coleta de dados ocorreu ao longo de 78 horas distribuídas em 13 dias, utilizando animais pré-adultos. Fotografias foram capturadas com um smartphone iphone 14, com o auxílio de uma luz artificial Right light. Os resultados revelaram informações sobre a fisiologia e patologias dessas aranhas, destacando a importância de compreender, principalmente, os processos relacionados à muda. Um Guia Fotográfico foi desenvolvido para ajudar na capacitação dos funcionários. Conclui-se que é urgente capacitar os funcionários para lidar com as aranhas, destacando a importância dos registros fotográficos. Estas imagens oferecem uma representação precisa e detalhada, possibilitando análises minuciosas, além de servirem como registros permanentes essenciais para pesquisa, documentação, ensino e treinamento. Investimentos em recursos, como por exemplo, uma câmera profissional, para a elaboração de material educativo de qualidade, são necessários para avanços futuros no entendimento e manejo dessas espécies.

RESUMO

The Viperidae family comprises a monophyletic group of more than 329 snake species widespread around the world. One of its genera is Crotalus, the rattlesnakes. The species Crotalus durissus adopt the ambush strategy to hunt their prey, that is, the snake remains coiled and in an active posture at the hunting site and strikes only when passing a possible prey. An apropriate feeding management for snakes in captivity should consider factors such as the size of the food and the control of environmental variables, as they directly influence the acceptance or refusal of food by the snake. According to public policies, snakes kept in facilities of institutions of teaching or scientific research must be fed by rodents previously euthanized. The Serpentarium of the Butantan Institute is considered a semi-extensive captivity where the animals are exposed to conditions that resemble their natural habitat.Until 2016, the animals were fed with live rodents in the serpentarium. From 2017 until current days, euthanized rodents are offered in the bioterium, an intensive captivity where the animals remain individualized in plastic boxes, and the temperature and humidity are controlled according to the animal's needs. The objective of this work was to verify if the change in the feeding management of the rattlesnakes had an influence on the acceptance or rejection of food by the snakes. For this, we analyzed the routine feeding records of 11 animals within a period of two years before and after the change of management. We recorded the number of times food was offered, accepted and rejected for each snake in each type of treatment. There was no significant difference between the two food routines tested. However, the mean value of food acceptance was higher when the rodent was offered euthanized, and the mean value of food rejection was higher when the rodent was offered alive. Thus, we discussed that the small increase in acceptance and the small decrease in the rejection of food by snakes may have occurred due to the combination of factors such as greater control of environmental variables and reduced stress. This study shows that there is no significant difference in the acceptance and rejection of food by the snake comparing two treatments of food management. However, even with asmall sample number, there is still a tendency to better use when the prey is offered euthanized in intensive captivity.

A família Viperidae compreende um grupo monofilético de aproximadamente 329 espécies de serpentes distribuídas ao redor do mundo. Um dos gêneros da família Viperidae é o gênero Crotalus. As cascavéis da espécie Crotalus durissus adotam a estratégia de emboscada para caçar sua presa, ou seja, a serpente permanece enrodilhada e em postura ativa no local de caça e desfere o bote ao passar uma possível presa. Um manejo alimentar correto para serpentes em cativeiro deve considerar fatores como o tamanho do alimento e o controle das variáveis ambientais, pois influenciam diretamente na aceitação ou recusa do alimento pela serpente. De acordo normativas públicas, deve-se priorizar o oferecimento de roedores previamente eutanasiados para serpentes mantidas em instalações de instituições de ensino ou pesquisa científica. O Serpentário do Instituto Butantan é considerado um cativeiro do tipo semi-extensivo onde os animais ficam expostos a condições que se assemelham ao habitat natural. Até o ano de 2016, os animais eram alimentados com roedores vivos no serpentário. A partir do ano de 2017, roedores passaram a ser oferecidos eutanasiados e no biotério intensivo, onde os animais permanecem individualizados em caixas plásticas, e a temperatura e umidade é controlada de acordo com a necessidade do animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a mudança no manejo alimentar do plantel de cascavéis teve influência na aceitação ou rejeição do alimento pelas serpentes. Para isso foram analisadas as fichas de rotina alimentar de 11 animais dentro de um período de dois anos antes e após a mudança de manejo. Foram anotados o número de vezes em que a alimentação foi oferecida, aceita e rejeitada para cada serpente em cada tipo de tratamento. Não houve diferença significativa entre as duas rotinas alimentares testadas. Entretanto, o valor médio de aceitação do alimento foi maior quando o roedor era oferecido eutanasiado, e o valor médio de rejeição do alimento foi maior quando o roedor era oferecido vivo. Discutimos que o pequeno aumento na aceitação e a pequena diminuição na rejeição do alimento pelas serpentes pode ter ocorrido pela união de fatores como o maior controle das variáveis ambientais e a diminuição do estresse. Este estudo mostra que não há uma diferença significativa na aceitação e rejeição do alimento pela serpente comparando dois tratamentos de manejo alimentar. Porém, mesmo com número amostral pequeno, ainda é observado uma tendência ao melhor aproveitamento quando a presa é oferecida eutanasiada em cativeiro intensivo.

RESUMO

O Mycoplasma pulmonis é o agente etiológico primário da micoplasmose respiratória murina (MRM), importante patologia que acomete os ratos de laboratório, animais há muito utilizados para a realização de pesquisas experimentais e que, nos últimos anos, também passaram a ser criados como animais de companhia, com crescente presença em clínicas veterinárias. A MRM, uma patologia crônica que pode se apresentar de maneira subclínica, tem a sua instalação eprogressão usualmente associadas a falhas de manejo. O conhecimento sobre a MRM em ratos, é fundamental para a convivência saudável dos tutores com esses animais, além de ser essencial para que os animais empregados em investigações científicas possibilitem a obtenção de resultados experimentais fidedignos.

Mycoplasma pulmonis is the primary etiologic agent of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), an important pathology of laboratory rats. For a long time, rats have been used in experimental research but nowadays it was observed an increasing number of rats treated as pets with a progressive presence of them in veterinary clinics. MRM is a chronic pathology often subclinical that is usually associated with inadequate management conditions. The objective of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of MRM in rats, to make possible a healthy coexistence of these animals with their owners and also for the achievement of reliable experimental results when they were applied in scientific investigations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O Mycoplasma pulmonis é o agente etiológico primário da micoplasmose respiratória murina (MRM), importante patologia que acomete os ratos de laboratório, animais há muito utilizados para a realização de pesquisas experimentais e que, nos últimos anos, também passaram a ser criados como animais de companhia, com crescente presença em clínicas veterinárias. A MRM, uma patologia crônica que pode se apresentar de maneira subclínica, tem a sua instalação eprogressão usualmente associadas a falhas de manejo. O conhecimento sobre a MRM em ratos, é fundamental para a convivência saudável dos tutores com esses animais, além de ser essencial para que os animais empregados em investigações científicas possibilitem a obtenção de resultados experimentais fidedignos.(AU)

Mycoplasma pulmonis is the primary etiologic agent of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), an important pathology of laboratory rats. For a long time, rats have been used in experimental research but nowadays it was observed an increasing number of rats treated as pets with a progressive presence of them in veterinary clinics. MRM is a chronic pathology often subclinical that is usually associated with inadequate management conditions. The objective of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of MRM in rats, to make possible a healthy coexistence of these animals with their owners and also for the achievement of reliable experimental results when they were applied in scientific investigations.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed

RESUMO

Medical ethics that becomes more and more consolidated and important underwent modifications because of experiences with animals. This humanitarian movement initiated some time ago is now picking the best results, with permanent attention an care regarding this aspect at the Brazilian Medical Universities. The animal involuntarily involved, contribute with medical and surgical research and should be respected. The results should benefit both

A ética médica, cada vez mais consolidada, sofre reajuste em função da ética aplicada aos animais de experimentação científica. Este movimento humanitário plantado há algum tempo, colhe os melhores frutos graças as credenciadas lideranças universitárias numa constate vigilância do assunto nas Faculdades de Medicina no Brasil. Os animais contribuindo, mesmo que involuntariamente, com o homem, se prestam a experimentação clínica e cirúrgica, desde que com respeito e cujos resultados retornem em benefícios para o homem e para eles próprios.

RESUMO

Medical ethics that becomes more and more consolidated and important underwent modifications because of experiences with animals. This humanitarian movement initiated some time ago is now picking the best results, with permanent attention an care regarding this aspect at the Brazilian Medical Universities. The animal involuntarily involved, contribute with medical and surgical research and should be respected. The results should benefit both

A ética médica, cada vez mais consolidada, sofre reajuste em função da ética aplicada aos animais de experimentação científica. Este movimento humanitário plantado há algum tempo, colhe os melhores frutos graças as credenciadas lideranças universitárias numa constate vigilância do assunto nas Faculdades de Medicina no Brasil. Os animais contribuindo, mesmo que involuntariamente, com o homem, se prestam a experimentação clínica e cirúrgica, desde que com respeito e cujos resultados retornem em benefícios para o homem e para eles próprios.