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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o dimorfismo sexual em uma coleção de mandíbulas portuguesas através de uma metodologia métrica digital, utilizando análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada para identificar quais parâmetros são mais dimórficos e quais são os melhores preditores de sexo. Trinta e três mandíbulas (14 mulheres e 19 homens) e pertences pessoais foram fotograficamente registrados com código e sexo. Os dados foram coletados por tomografia e as medidas foram feitas pelo software Simplant Pro. Foram registrados a largura máxima e mínima do ramo mandibular, altura condilar, altura do processo coronoide, altura da sínfise mandibular, ângulo mandibular, distâncias bimentual, biantegonial, bigonial e bicondilar e comprimento máximo mandibular. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando IBM® SPSS. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os seguintes parâmetros: altura do processo coronoide, altura do côndilo, comprimento máximo da mandíbula e largura mínima do ramo mandibular. Na análise estatística multivariada foi possível identificar a altura do processo coronoide como melhor preditor de sexo com precisão em 72,2% dos casos. Isto permite uma diferenciação mais fácil entre mandíbulas femininas e masculinas com uma precisão de 64,3% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a altura do processo coronoide é o parâmetro mais dimórfico e o melhor preditor de sexo na amostra.

This study aimed to assess sex dimorphism in a collection of Portuguese mandibles through a digital metric methodology by using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify which parameters are the most dimorphic and which are the best sex predictors. Thirty-three mandibles (14 females and 19 males) and personal belongings were photographically registered with code and sex. Data was collected using tomography, and measurements were made using the Simplant Pro software. The maximum and minimum width of the mandibular ramus, condylar height, coronoid process height, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angle, bi-mental, bi-antegonial, bi-gonial and bi-condylar distances, and maximal mandibular length were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS. The results showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: coronoid process height, condyle height, the maximum length of the mandible, and the minimum width of the mandibular ramus. In the multivariate statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the coronoid process height as the best sex predictor accurately in 72.2% of cases. This allows for easier differentiation between female and male mandibles with an accuracy of 64.3% and 78.9%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that the coronoid process height is the most dimorphic parameter and the best sex predictor in the sample.

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SUMMARY: This review article will present an overview of biological profiles in forensic utilities. The biological profile of the skull in the existing literature can help to identify humans, especially if the condition of the victim found is a result of mutilation or a bomb explosion. When it comes to the precision of identifying skeletal remains, the human skull is frequently cited as being first in the estimation of age and ancestry and second in terms of sex and stature. It can be an alternative to assessing the following biological parameters: sex, age, stature, and ancestry. The implementation of biological profiles in the identification process is very important considering that some cases require the assistance of forensic anthropology. This review article shows the importance of the value of skulls. The method that can be applied is craniometry which can be used to determine sex, age, stature, and estimated ancestry. Different results will occur depending on the completeness of the skull. Therefore, estimation formulas have different accurate results. Discriminant function analysis has been performed on various measurement sets and its discriminant power has been validated by many researchers. Geometric morphometric analysis has become the main tool for shape analysis and many attempts have been made to use it in analyzing skulls. Several methods supported by technology have also been developed. It is hoped that the review article will show significant differences in results between studies in Thailand and Indonesia, even though they are in the same racial group.

Este artículo presenta una descripción general de los perfiles biológicos en las utilidades forenses. El perfil biológico del cráneo en la literatura existente puede ayudar a identificar a los humanos, especialmente si la condición en la que se encuentra la víctima es el resultado de una mutilación o la explosión de una bomba. Cuando se trata de la precisión en la identificación de restos óseos, el cráneo humano se cita con frecuencia como el primero en la estimación de edad y ascendencia y el segundo en términos de sexo y estatura. Puede ser una alternativa para evaluar los siguientes parámetros biológicos: sexo, edad, estatura y ascendencia. La implementación de perfiles biológicos en el proceso de identificación es importante considerando que algunos casos requieren la asistencia de la antropología forense. Este artículo de revisión muestra la importancia del valor de las cnezas óseas. El método que se puede aplicar es la craneometría para determinar el sexo, la edad, la estatura y la ascendencia estimada. Se pueden obtener diferentes resultados dependiendo de la integridad del cráneo. Por lo tanto, las fórmulas de estimación tienen resultados precisos diferentes. Se ha realizado un análisis de función discriminante en varios conjuntos de medidas y muchos investigadores han validado su poder discriminante. El análisis a través de la morfometría geométrica se ha convertido en la principal herramienta para el análisis de formas y se ha utilizado frecuentemente en el análisis de cráneos. También se han desarrollado varios métodos apoyados en la tecnología. Se espera que este trabajo muestre diferencias significativas en los resultados entre los estudios realizados en Tailandia e Indonesia, aunque pertenezcan al mismo grupo racial.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the accuracy and applicability of the AncesTrees software with respect to a set of cranial measurements of a Brazilian sample consisting of 114 identified skulls from two osteological collections, predominantly composed of European (n = 59), African (n = 35), and admixed individuals (n = 20). Twenty-four different craniometric measurements are performed and input to AncesTrees via two algorithms, one of which is used in three configurations, with different ancestral groups integrated in the model. The software exhibits superior performance in the estimation of European individuals, reaching 73% accuracy, compared with 66% in the African individuals. Those individuals classified as admixed produce a variety of ancestral classifications, mainly European. Overall, the most accurate combination of AncesTrees is obtained using ancestralForest with only the European and African groups integrated into the algorithm, where the accuracy reaches 70%. The applicability of this software to a specific population is fragile because of the high admixing load, making it necessary to create a more representative anthropometric database of the Brazilian people. Key points: Ancestry estimation methods are seldom validated in Brazil.AncesTrees performed poorly on our sample, with a maximum accuracy of 70%.Brazil's highly mixed population hinders ancestry estimation.Mixed individuals (pardos) are predominantly classified as Europeans.The insertion of Brazilian metric data into the AncesTrees database would produce better results.

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Reliable age-at-death estimates from the adult skeleton are of fundamental importance in forensic anthropology, because it contributes to the identity parameters used in a medicolegal death investigation. However, reliable estimates are difficult because many traditional aging methods depend on a set of population-specific criteria derived from individuals of European and African descent. The absence of information on the potential differences in the aging patterns of underrepresented, especially Latinx, populations may hinder our efforts to produce useful age-at-death estimates. In response to these concerns, this study explores the utility of currently available aging techniques and whether population-specific aging methods among Latinx groups are needed. The authors obtained data from two skeletal collections representing modern individuals of Mexican and Puerto Rican origin. They examined five newly developed computational shape-based techniques using 3D laser scans of the pubic symphysis and one traditional bone-to-phase technique. A validation test of all computational and traditional methods was implemented, and new population-specific equations using the computational algorithms were generated and tested against a subsample. Results suggest that traditional and computational aging techniques applied to the pubic symphysis perform best with individuals within 35-45 years of age. Levels of bias and inaccuracy increase as chronological age increases, with overestimation of individuals younger than 35 years and underestimation of individuals older than 45 years. New regression models provided error rates comparable to, and in some occasions outperformed, the original computational models developed on white American males, but age estimates did not significantly improve. This study shows that population-specific models do not necessarily improve age estimates in Latinx samples. Results do suggest that computational methods can ultimately outperform the Suchey-Brooks method and provide improved objectivity when estimating age at death in Latinx samples.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil biológico y social del paciente pediátrico con trasplante hepático por insuficiencia hepática aguda (IHA) y la evolución postrasplante. Material y Método: trabajo retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional, se revisaron la base de datos de 142 pacientes trasplantados por IHA desde 1992 al 2008. Se describieron los datos demográficos y sociales, indicaciones de trasplante, tipo de injerto utilizado, compatibilidad del grupo ABO, evolución pos trasplante (resultados primarios), complicaciones del trasplante y sobrevida. Resultados: El 51% de los casos de IHA fue asociado a la hepatitis infecciosa por virus A (HAV) y el 41% correspondió a las IHA indeterminadas. El 85% de la población trasplantada (120 casos) recibió un donante de tipo cadavérico (DC) y la compatibilidad de grupo ABO fue del 85%. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron: biliares 33 casos, infecciones bacterianas 20 casos y vasculares 13 casos. El rechazo agudo estuvo presente en 72 casos mientras que el rechazo crónico se diagnosticó en 7 casos. La sobrevida de la IHA al año del postrasplante fue del 80% y a los 5 y 10 años fue del 77%. La conciencia de enfermedad reflejada en el cumplimiento de las consignas médicos sociales estuvo presente en un 86,25%. El 70% de los padres de los niños trasplantados eran biológicos y el 52% de la población provino del área centro (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, y Santa Fe). La cobertura estuvo a cargo del estado en el 45% de la muestra (AU)

The aim of this study was to describe the social and biological profile of pediatric patients who undergo liver transplantation because of acute liver failure (ALF) and post-transplant outcome. Material and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted. The database of 142 patients who underwent liver transplantation because of ALF between 1992 and 2008 was reviewed. Demographic and social features, indication for transplantation, type of graft used, ABO group compatibility, post-transplant outcome (primary results), complications of the transplantation and survival were evaluated. Results: ALF was associated with infectious hepatitis A (HAV) in 51% of the cases and with indeterminate ALF in 41%. Overall, 85% of the transplanted patients (120 cases) received a deceased donor (DD) organ and ABO group compatibility was 85%. Most common complications were: biliary in 33 cases, bacterial infections in 20 cases, and vascular in 13 cases. Acute rejection was observed in 72 cases while chronic rejection was diagnosed in seven cases. Oneyear post-transplant survival after ALF was 80%, while 5- and 10-year survival was 77%. Disease awareness expressed in compliance with medical and social indications was observed in 86%. Seventy percent of the parents of transplanted children were there biological parents and 52% of the population came from the central area of the country (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, y Santa Fe). Forty-five percent of the sample had public health care coverage (AU)

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