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Introducción: Las colonias de aves zancudas alcanzan miles de nidos densamente agrupados, que influyen marcadamente sobre las características del suelo o el agua que las rodea por un efecto de hiperfertilización. Esto provoca la acumulación nociva de compuestos nitrogenados, alterando la química del sustrato y produciendo defoliación y muerte de la vegetación. El impacto de estas colonias en los manglares de Cuba no se ha evaluado, por las dificultades logísticas que implica y la complejidad de sus procesos. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se realizó la estimación de las cantidades de biomasa, energía y nutrientes movilizados en una colonia de Bubulcus ibis, durante una etapa de cría, a través de un modelo bioenergético de dinámica de sistemas. Métodos: Se emplearon 29 variables primarias, 3 ecuaciones bioenergéticas y la ecuación de crecimiento postnatal de esta especie, implementadas en el programa STELLA 9.1.3. De la interacción de estas variables se obtuvieron: la energía requerida por ciclo de reproducción, la biomasa consumida y los nutrientes depositados en la colonia. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad y un análisis de incertidumbre para explorar las variables que más influencia tienen sobre los resultados. El modelo fue validado mediante la consistencia en las unidades, la prueba de valores extremos y la comparación con valores registrados en la literatura. Finalmente, se simularon escenarios de disturbios que pueden afectar a una colonia real. Resultados: Según el modelo, para el crecimiento cada pichón requiere de 10 219.2 kcal totales. La colonia debe invertir en total 6.71x106 kcal, lo que representa un consumo cercano a 2.2 toneladas de presas en una etapa de cría. Debido a este consumo, los nutrientes depositados en la colonia mediante las excretas estuvieron compuestos de 49 kg de nitrógeno, 7 kg de fósforo y 56 kg de calcio. Según el análisis de sensibilidad, las variables que producen cambios más fuertes en el resultado son el número de adultos de la colonia y el tamaño medio de puesta. El análisis de incertidumbre mostró poca influencia de las variables seleccionadas sobre las variables respuesta. Los disturbios simulados más dañinos para la colonia fueron las afectaciones al reclutamiento y el aumento de la mortalidad de los pichones.

Introduction: The colonies of wading birds reach thousands of highly grouped nests, which have a marked influence on the characteristics of the soil or the water that surrounds them due to a hyperfertilization effect. This causes the harmful accumulation of nitrogen compounds altering the chemistry of the substrate and causing defoliation and death of vegetation. The impact of these colonies on the mangroves in Cuba has not been evaluated, due to the logistical difficulties involved and the complexity of their processes. Objective: Mathematical modeling is a useful tool in these situations, so in this work the estimation of the quantities of biomass, energy and nutrients mobilized in a colony of herons was carried out, through a bioenergetic model of system dynamics. Methods: We used 29 primary variables, 3 bioenergetic equations and the postnatal growth equation of this species, implemented in the STELLA 9.1.3 program. From the interaction of these variables, the energy required by the reproduction cycle, the biomass consumed and the nutrients deposited in the colony were obtained. A sensitivity analysis and an uncertainty analysis were carried out to explore the variables that have the most influence on the results. The model was validated by the consistency in the units, the test of extreme values and the comparison with values recorded in the literature. Finally, disturbances scenarios that can affect a real colony were simulated. Results: According to the model, each nestling require 10 219.2 kcal to growth. The colony must totally invest 6.71x106 kcal, which represents consumption close to 2.2 tons of dams. Due to this consumption, the nutrients deposited in the colony by the excreta were 49 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphorus and 56 kg of calcium. According to the sensitivity analysis, the variables that produce the strongest changes in the result are the number of adults in the colony and the average clutch size. The uncertainty analysis showed little influence of the variables selected on the response variables. The most harmful simulated disturbances for the colony were the affectations to the recruitment and the increase of the mortality of the nestlings.

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Se realizó un estudio de intervención, cuasi-experimental, de 50 ancianos pertenecientes al área de salud No. 5 de Tulipán, en Cienfuegos, que formaron parte del proyecto bioenergético comunitario Ne Jigo Zen Do, desde septiembre del 2012 hasta junio del 2014, a fin de determinar la influencia de la medicina bioenergética en los cambios de estilos de vida, para lo cual se evaluaron algunas variables antes y después de la intervención, tales como el consumo de medicamentos, la práctica de ejercicios, el nivel de depresión, por citar algunas. Entre los resultados fundamentales se destacaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 65 a 69 años y las afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular. Después de aplicado el proyecto en los pacientes, se obtuvo una ejercitación sistemática y se incrementó el conocimiento y el uso de la medicina natural; asimismo, 72,0 por ciento no presentaba depresión, 70,0 por ciento mostró atención normal y 84,0 por ciento nivel de memoria normal. Finalmente, 90 por ciento de la serie manifestó una máxima satisfacción con los cambios, de modo que se pudo concluir que el proyecto bioenergético repercutió positivamente en los estilos de vida del adulto mayor(AU)

An interventional, quasi-experimental study of 50 old men, belonging to the health area No. 5 from Tulipán, in Cienfuegos that took part in the Ne Jigo Zen Do bioenergetic community project, was carried out from September, 2012 to June, 2014, in order to determine the influence of bioenergetic medicine in lifestyles changes, for which some variables were evaluated before and after the intervention, such as medications consumption, making exercises, depression level, just to mention some. Among the main results there were the female sex, the 65 to 69 age group and the osteomioarticular system disorders. After having applied the project in the patients, a systematic exercising was obtained and there was an increase in knowledge and use of the natural medicine; also, 72.0 percent didn't present depression, 70.0 percent showed normal attention and 84.0 percent normal memory level. Finally, 90 percent of the series manifested a maximum satisfaction with the changes, so we could conclude that the bioenergetic project had a positive impact in elderly lifestyles(AU)

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Se realizó un estudio de intervención, cuasi-experimental, de 50 ancianos pertenecientes al área de salud No. 5 de Tulipán, en Cienfuegos, que formaron parte del proyecto bioenergético comunitario Ne Jigo Zen Do, desde septiembre del 2012 hasta junio del 2014, a fin de determinar la influencia de la medicina bioenergética en los cambios de estilos de vida, para lo cual se evaluaron algunas variables antes y después de la intervención, tales como el consumo de medicamentos, la práctica de ejercicios, el nivel de depresión, por citar algunas. Entre los resultados fundamentales se destacaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 65 a 69 años y las afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular. Después de aplicado el proyecto en los pacientes, se obtuvo una ejercitación sistemática y se incrementó el conocimiento y el uso de la medicina natural; asimismo, 72,0 % no presentaba depresión, 70,0 % mostró atención normal y 84,0 % nivel de memoria normal. Finalmente, 90 % de la serie manifestó una máxima satisfacción con los cambios, de modo que se pudo concluir que el proyecto bioenergético repercutió positivamente en los estilos de vida del adulto mayor.

An interventional, quasi-experimental study of 50 old men, belonging to the health area No. 5 from Tulipán, in Cienfuegos that took part in the Ne Jigo Zen Do bioenergetic community project, was carried out from September, 2012 to June, 2014, in order to determine the influence of bioenergetic medicine in lifestyles changes, for which some variables were evaluated before and after the intervention, such as medications consumption, making exercises, depression level, just to mention some. Among the main results there were the female sex, the 65 to 69 age group and the osteomioarticular system disorders. After having applied the project in the patients, a systematic exercising was obtained and there was an increase in knowledge and use of the natural medicine; also, 72.0% didn't present depression, 70.0% showed normal attention and 84.0% normal memory level. Finally, 90% of the series manifested a maximum satisfaction with the changes, so we could conclude that the bioenergetic project had a positive impact in elderly lifestyles.

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Se determinó el efecto de la temperatura sobre la tasa de aclaramiento (TA), ingestión (TI) y consumo especifico de oxígeno (CEO) en individuos de Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1891) de distintos grupos de tallas. Las pruebas de TA y TI se realizaron a una concentración de Chaetoceros calcitrans de aproximadamente 1x10(6) cel.mL-1, se evaluaron dos temperaturas 17 y 22°C y se conformaron diferentes grupos de tallas promedio de 7.6 ± 0.265, 4.9 ± 0.058 y 3.7 ± 0.173 cm. En las pruebas de CEO los grupos de tallas promedio fueron 8.1 ± 0.351, 5.6 ± 0.058 y 4.3 ± 0.100 cm. Los resultados muestran un efecto significativo de la temperatura en la TA (L.h-1) y TI (cel.h-1 x 10(5)) sobre los individuos de mayor tamaño (7.6 ± 0.265 cm), observándose a 22°C un incremento promedio, respecto a 17°C, de hasta 250% para TA y 48% para TI. Además, se observó una relación directa del tamaño corporal con las TA y TI en ambas temperaturas. Se registró el efecto de la temperatura de 22°C sobre CEO en todos los grupos evaluados, con un incremento de 239.8, 165.3 y 183.4% para individuos de tallas de 8.1 ± 0.351, 5.6 ± 0.058 y 4.3 ± 0.100 respectivamente. Asimismo, los resultados muestran una relación indirecta del tamaño corporal con la CEO, en ambas temperaturas evaluadas.

The effect of temperature on the clearance rate (CR), ingestion rate (IR) and specific oxygen consumption (SOC) in individuals of Argopecten purpuratus at different size groups were determined. The CR and IR tests were performed at a concentration of approximately 1x10(6) cel.mlL-1 of Chaetoceros calcitrans, two temperatures 17 and 22 °C were evaluated and different groups of average size were formed of 7.6 ± 0.265, and 0.058 ± 4.9 3.7 ± 0.173 cm. In SOC test the average size groups were 8.1 ± 0.351, 0.058 ± 5.6 and 4.3 ± 0.100 cm. The results show a significant effect of temperature in CR (Lh-1) and IR (cel.h-1 x 10(5)) on the larger individuals (7.6 ± 0.265 cm), it was observed at 22 °C an average increase, about 17 °C, up to 250% to CR and 48% to IR. In addition, a direct relationship of body size with CR and IR in both temperatures was observed. The effect of temperature at 22 ° C on SOC in all groups was evaluated, with an increase of 239.8, 165.3 and 183.4% for size individuals of 8.1 ± 0.351, 0.058 ± 5.6 and 4.3 ± 0.100 respectively. Furthermore, in both evaluated temperatures, the results show an indirect relationship of body size with the SOC.

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Resumo Uma das principais modificações ocorridas no organismo em decorrência do treinamento físico-esportivo envolvendo exercícios físicos de longa duração é o aumento na quantidade e qualidade funcional de mitocôndrias do tecido muscular esquelético. Não existe até o momento um mecanismo causal explicativo para esse fenômeno. A proposta a ser discutida neste ensaio é denominada por "hipótese do acoplamento elétrico-transcripcional". Segundo a mesma, modificações na atividade elétrica celular, principalmente de despolarização membranar, constituem-se em método de controle e regulação dos processos de biossíntese no organismo multicelular. Por exemplo, estudos que provocaram hiperpolarização artificial em células somáticas induziram diferenciação celular e supressão da proliferação, sendo que o contrário ocorreu com a despolarização. Ou seja, a despolarização celular durante o exercício físico devido a contração muscular intensa e constante pode ativar processos responsáveis por biossínteses e, possivelmente, duplicação de mitocôndria.

Abstract One of the main changes happened in skeletal muscle tissue as a result of physical and sport training with prolonged exercise is the increase in the quantity and functional quality of mitochondria. There is not yet an explanatory causal mechanism for this phenomenon. The suggestion to be discussed in this assay is called "electric-transcriptional coupling hypothesis". In this hypothesis, changes in electrical activity, mainly membrane depolarization, are considered methods used for the control of biosynthesis in multicellular organisms. For example, studies that resulted in somatic cell hyperpolarization induced suppression of differentiation and proliferation, and the opposite happened with depolarization. That is, cell depolarization that occur during the exercise as a consequence of intense and prolonged muscle contraction could activate processes responsible for biosynthesis and, possibly, mitochondrial replication.

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Introducción: el climaterio promueve la aparición de síntomas que interfieren en la calidad de vida de la mujer.Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la auriculoterapia y fitoterapia en el manejo de síntomas climatéricos en mujeres de Santa Cruz del Norte del 2010 al 2012.Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental con 239 mujeres con síntomas climatéricos y una muestra de 146 escogidas aleatoriamente y dividida en 69 pacientes donde se utilizó auriculoterapia y 77 para fitoterapia. Los datos se recolectaron mediante encuesta y examen físico y estadísticamente se utilizó la media, desviación estándar, porcentaje, t de Student y Chi cuadrado. Resultados: la mayoría de las pacientes tenían una edad promedio de 49 años, piel blanca, vinculadas laboralmente y con pareja estable; predominaron los sofocos 34,9 por ciento y la ansiedad 27,4 por ciento; la fitoterapia fue más eficaz que la auriculoterapia en el manejo de los sofocos 73,3 por ciento contra 28,6 por ciento respectivamente; p<0,05, a diferencia de la ansiedad donde fue más eficiente la terapéutica auricular al compararla con fitoterapia 77,8 por ciento contra 27,3 por ciento respectivamente; p<0,05; ambas técnicas fueron efectivas en el tratamiento del insomnio fitoterapia 70,6 por ciento y auriculoterapia 64,3 por ciento; p<0,05, no así en el manejo de la cefalea p>0,05; no se presentaron complicaciones en la mayoría de las pacientes tratadas 96,6 por ciento, y no hubo necesidad de tratamiento convencional en un gran número de casos 71,2 por ciento. Conclusión: la auriculoterapia y fitoterapia constituyen dos alternativas terapéuticas eficaces y seguras en el manejo de los síntomas climatéricos, sobre todo los sofocos, el insomnio y la ansiedad (AU)

Introduction: climaterium promotes the apparition of symptoms that interfere in the quality of life of the woman.Objective: to evaluate the efficiency and security of the auriculotherapy and phytoteraphy in the management of climacteric symptoms in women of Santa Cruz del Norte from 2010 to 2012. Methods: quasi-experimental study with 239 women with climacteric symptoms and a sample of 146 women chosen randomly and divided into 69 patients to whom were applied auriculotherapy and 77 for phytoteraphy. The data were collected by means of a survey and physical examination and statistically used the mean, standard deviation, percentage, Student's t-test and chi-square.Results: the majority of the patients had an average age of 49 years, white skin, they had a job and with a stable couple; there was predominance of stifling sensations 34,9 per cent and anxiety 27,4 per cent; the phytoteraphy was more effective than the auriculotherapy in the management of stifling sensation 73,3 per cent against 28,6 per cent respectively; p<0,05, unlike the anxiety where the auricular therapy was more efficient when comparing it to phytoteraphy 77,8 per cent against 27,3 per cent respectively; p<0,05; both techniques were effective in the treatment of insomnia phytoteraphy 70,6 per cent and auriculotherapy 64,3 per cent; p<0,05, not this way in the management of cephalea p>0,05; no complications presented in the majority of the patients treated 96,6 per cent, and there was not need of conventional treatment in a great number of cases 71,2 per cent.Conclusion: the auriculotherapy and phytoteraphy constitute two effective and safe therapeutic alternatives in the management of climacteric symptoms, especially the stifling sensations, insomnia and anxiety(AU)

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Los profesionales de enfermería desempeñan un rol importante en la aplicación y cumplimiento de las diferentes modalidades de disciplina de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional, pues estos procederes están comprendidos dentro de las actividades, funciones y habilidades de su modelo profesional, cuyo objeto de estudio es el cuidado a la persona, la familia, la comunidad y el entorno. Se ocupa además de diagnosticar y tratar en el área de sus competencias las respuestas individuales y colectivas a las manifestaciones del proceso salud-enfermedad, aplicando la lógica del proceso de atención de enfermería como método científico de la profesión; teniendo en cuenta acciones de promoción, prevención, curación y rehabilitación para garantizar el bienestar físico, mental y social. También utiliza los procesos docentes, administrativos e investigativos para garantizar la calidad y optimización de los servicios de enfermería, en la búsqueda de la excelencia. Hoy en día los profesionales de enfermería aplican escasamente el proceso de atención de enfermería no incluyendo así, acciones relacionadas con la medicina bioenergética(AU)

Nurses play an important role in the implementation and enforcement of the various forms of discipline of Natural and Traditional Medicine, as these procedures are included in the activities, functions and abilities of its professional model, whose object of study is the care to the individual, family, community and the environment. It also deals with diagnosis and treatment in the area of competence of individual and collective manifestations of the health-disease process responses, applying the logic of the process of nursing as a scientific method of the profession; considering promotion, prevention, cure and rehabilitation to ensure the physical, mental and social well-being. Teachers also used administrative and investigative processes to ensure the quality and optimization of nursing services in the pursuit of excellence. Today nurses sparingly apply the nursing process not including actions related to the bioenergetic medicine(AU)

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Apoyados en las nuevas tendencias pedagógicas y la necesidad de integrar las disciplinas de las Ciencias Básicas, surgió la nueva disciplina Morfofisiología Humana que estudia la forma, estructura y función del organismo. Una vez analizado el programa de estudio, los documentos metodológicos y normativos de la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana III se encontró que la misma no tiene incluido los anexos para integrar la Medicina Bioenergética y Natural (MBN), y que el mismo no cumple con las indicaciones contenidas en el acuerdo 42/82 del Consejo del Consejo de Ministros, para la consolidación y desarrollo de la Medicina Tradicional Natural. Por lo que se decidió realizar este trabajo para diseñar un sistema de contenidos donde se vincularan algunas modalidades de la MBN a la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana III, para el logro del objetivo propuesto se llevó a cabo una actualización del tema, su pertinencia y aplicabilidad se hizo a partir de un cuestionario a especialistas lo cual demostró la validez de la propuesta(AU)

Based on new educational trends and the need to integrate the disciplines of Basic Sciences, Human Morphophysiology the new discipline that studies la shape, structure and function of the body arises; Once analyzed the, methodological program and normative documents of the subject Human Morphophysiology III that not has included the Annexes to integrate Bioenergetics and Natural Medicine (MBN), so not comply with the instructions contained in the agreement 42 analyzed/ 82 Council of the Cabinet, for the consolidation and development of Natural Traditional Medicine. So we decided to do this work to design a content system where some embodiments of the MBN be linked to the subject Human Morphophysiology III, to achieve the proposed objective that is carried out an update of the topic, its relevance and applicability was done toa questionnaire from specialists which demonstrated the validity of the proposal(AU)

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En el presente artículo se aborda el ejercicio de la medicina tradicional y natural, mediante un análisis desde la teoría de las complejidades, con una interpretación de la organización y existencia de los seres vivos, a partir de regularidades no aplicadas en la medicina alopática y la medicina bioenergética al atender al hombre y su entorno sociocultural, lo cual propicia una práctica médica más sistémica, eficiente y ética. Además, se pretende perfeccionar la medicina bioenergética complementada por el enfoque sistémico complejo y su aplicación en diferentes escenarios. La citada teoría fortalece la visión científica de la medicina tradicional y natural desde los puntos de vista teórico y práctico(AU)

In this work, the use of the traditional and natural medicine is investigated, by means of an analysis from the theory of complexities, with an interpretation of the organization and the existence of the alive beings, from regularities not applied in the alopathic and bioenergetic medicine, when assisting man and his social and cultural environment, which favors a more systemic, efficient and ethical medical practice. Besides, it is intended to improve the bioenergetic medicine, supplemented by the complex systemic approach and its application in different scenarios. The mentioned theory strengthens the scientific vision of the traditional and natural medicine from the theoretical and practical points of view(AU)

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En el presente artículo se aborda el ejercicio de la medicina tradicional y natural, mediante un análisis desde la teoría de las complejidades, con una interpretación de la organización y existencia de los seres vivos, a partir de regularidades no aplicadas en la medicina alopática y la medicina bioenergética al atender al hombre y su entorno sociocultural, lo cual propicia una práctica médica más sistémica, eficiente y ética. Además, se pretende perfeccionar la medicina bioenergética complementada por el enfoque sistémico complejo y su aplicación en diferentes escenarios. La citada teoría fortalece la visión científica de la medicina tradicional y natural desde los puntos de vista teórico y práctico.

In this work, the use of the traditional and natural medicine is investigated, by means of an analysis from the theory of complexities, with an interpretation of the organization and the existence of the alive beings, from regularities not applied in the alopathic and bioenergetic medicine, when assisting man and his social and cultural environment, which favors a more systemic, efficient and ethical medical practice. Besides, it is intended to improve the bioenergetic medicine, supplemented by the complex systemic approach and its application in different scenarios. The mentioned theory strengthens the scientific vision of the traditional and natural medicine from the theoretical and practical points of view.

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Tem sido sugerido que a participação do metabolismo anaeróbio alático (MAA) pode ser estimada a partir do cálculo da fase rápida do excesso do consumo de oxigênio após o exercício (EPOC RÁPIDO). Considerando que o Déficit Máximo Acumulado de Oxigênio (MAOD) representa a quantidade total de energia transferida pelos metabolismos anaeróbios, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar se o método de subtrair o EPOC RÁPIDO do MAOD (MAOD LA-1) proporciona uma estimativa satisfatória do metabolismo anaeróbio lático (MAL). Para esse fim, o MAOD LA-1 foi comparado ao método capaz de expressar em equivalente de oxigênio a energia oriunda do acúmulo de lactato no sangue (MAOD LA-2). Nove homens adultos ativos foram submetidos a quatro sessões experimentais: 1) um teste progressivo até a exaustão em um cicloergômetro para a mensuração do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e da potência externa correspondente ao VO2max (WVO2max); 2 e 3) seis testes de cargas constantes (3 testes por sessão) com intensidades abaixo da WVO2max; 4) um teste de carga constante com a intensidade equivalente a 110% da WVO2max. O principal achado foi que os dois métodos (MAOD LA-1 e MAOD LA-2) empregados na estimativa da contribuição do MAL no MAOD geraram valores estatisticamente similares (p > 0,05). Além disso, os valores percentuais do MAOD LA-1 (representando o MAL) e do EPOC RÁPIDO (representando o MAA) foram de aproximadamente 78% e 22%, respectivamente. Logo, os procedimentos propostos na presente investigação podem auxiliar futuros trabalhos que porventura objetivem fragmentar as contribuições dos componentes anaeróbio do MAOD.

It has been suggested that the participation of alactic anaerobic metabolism (AAM) in physical activity can be estimated by calculating the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC FAST). Considering that maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) represents the total amount of energy transferred by anaerobic metabolisms, this study aimed to analyze whether subtracting EPOC FAST from MAOD (MAOD LA-1) provides a satisfactory estimate of lactic anaerobic metabolism (LAM). For this purpose, MAOD LA-1 was compared with the method by which the energy derived from blood lactate accumulation (MAOD LA-2) is expressed as oxygen equivalent. Nine active adult men were submitted to four experimental sessions: 1) a maximal incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to measure the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and the external power corresponding to VO2max (WVO2max); 2) and 3) six constant-workload tests (3 per session) at intensities below WVO2max; 4) one constant-workload test at an intensity corresponding to 110% of WVO2max. The main finding was that both methods (MAOD LA-1 e MAOD LA-2) that were used to estimate the contribution of LAM in MAOD resulted in similar statistical values (p > 0.05). In addition, percentage values of MAOD LA-1 (representing MAL) and EPOC FAST (representing AAM) were approximately 78 and 22%, respectively. Thus, the procedure proposed in this paper may be of interest to future studies on the.

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No metabolismo quimioheterotrófico, um mesmo substrato orgânico é utilizado como fonte de energia e síntese celular. Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia que pode ser usada para calcular a estequiometria do metabolismo quimioheterotrófico considerando o tempo de detenção celular e o decaimento endógeno. O método se baseia em princípios da bioenergética e é útil para o desenvolvimento de balanços de massa em processos biológicos de tratamento de águas residuárias. Também serve para se estimar as necessidades de nutrientes, alcalinidade e aceptores de elétrons para as reações desejadas, assim como a biomassa formada e gases produzidos.

In chemohetrotrophic metabolism, an organic substrate is used as energy and cell synthesis sources. This article presents a methodology that can be used to calculate the stoichiometry of chemoheterotrophic metabolism, considering solids detention time and endogenous decay. The method is based on bioenergetic principles, and is useful for mass balance calculations for biological processes used in wastewater treatment. It is also applied to estimate nutrients, alkalinity and electron acceptor requirements for the intended reactions, as well as biomass and gas production.

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A raíz de las trasformaciones necesarias en el campo de la Educación Médica y con la integración de las ciencias básicas biomédicas surge la disciplina Morfofisiología Humana, que al revisar los documentos metodológicos normativos de la misma no tiene incluido los anexos para integrar la Medicina Bioenergética y Natural (MBN), por la importancia que reviste el dominio de estas temáticas, se realiza este trabajo para diseñar un sistema de contenidos donde se vinculen algunas modalidades de la MBN a la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana V satisfaciendo los requerimientos de perfeccionamiento de profesionales vinculados a la atención comunitaria. Para el logro del objetivo propuesto se llevó a cabo una actualización del tema a través de la revisión de literatura especializada y documental de los diferentes planes de estudios y programas. La constatación de la validez de la propuesta a partir de un cuestionario a especialistas demostró su pertinencia y aplicabilidad (AU)

Following the necessary transformations in the field of Medical Education and the integration of Basic Biomedical Sciences arises Human Morphophysiology as a discipline, that in reviewing regulatory documents and methodology it is no included Bioenergetics and Natural Medicine (MBN) by the importance of mastering these issues, this study is done to design a system of content where some modalities linked to the subject MBN Human Morphophysiology V continue satisfying the requirements of professional linked to community care. To achieve the proposed objective was carried out update the issue through the review of documentary literatures and different curricula and programs. The verification of the validity of the proposal from a questionnaire to specialists demonstrated its relevance and applicability

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Con la finalidad de realizar una actualización de los conocimientos sobre la aplicación de la acupuntura en estomatología, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema basado en la información obtenida de textos y revistas consultadas en centros de referencia y a través de localizadores electrónicos como Pubmed, Medline y Google de los últimos años. Según se pudo constatar esta temática tiene vigencia y su aplicación resulta de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de las afecciones estomatológicas.(AU)

To carry out an updating of knowledges on implementation of Acupuncture in Stomatology, a bibliographic review was conducted on this subject on the base of information gathered from texts and journals consulted in reference center and through electronic localization devices like Pubmed, Medline and Google of the past years. It was confirmed that this subject matter has validity and its implementation is very useful in the treatment of stomatologic affections.(AU)

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Con la finalidad de realizar una actualización de los conocimientos sobre la aplicación de la acupuntura en estomatología, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema basado en la información obtenida de textos y revistas consultadas en centros de referencia y a través de localizadores electrónicos como Pubmed, Medline y Google de los últimos años. Según se pudo constatar esta temática tiene vigencia y su aplicación resulta de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de las afecciones estomatológicas(AU)

To carry out an updating of knowledges on implementation of Acupuncture in Stomatology, a bibliographic review was conducted on this subject on the base of information gathered from texts and journals consulted in reference center and through electronic localization devices like Pubmed, Medline and Google of the past years. It was confirmed that this subject matter has validity and its implementation is very useful in the treatment of stomatologic affections(AU)

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las crisis de sacrolumbalgias agudas no específicas presentan una alta incidencia y constituyen un problema que afecta mayormente a pacientes en edad laboral. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el de establecer diferencias entre el uso o no de la electroacupuntura en el tratamiento de la crisis de sacrolumbalgia aguda no específica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio experimental terapéutico del tipo ensayo clínico, en 100 pacientes de ambos sexos y edades entre 27 y 65 años que asistieron al departamento de medicina tradicional, sección de consulta externa del Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional Frank País procedentes de la consulta externa de ortopedia de la institución y de áreas de salud del municipio La Lisa.Se aplicaron criterios de exclusión y se dividieron en dos grupos, uno recibió tratamiento de electroacupuntura y el otro tratamiento convencional. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento con electroacupuntura mostró ser más eficaz tanto en relación con el inicio en la remisión de los síntomas dolorosos como en el tiempo necesario para la remisión completa. CONCLUSIÓN: Por lo anterior la terapia con electroacupuntura se recomienda en el tratamiento de la sacrolumbalgia aguda no específica(AU)

INTRODUCTION: The scapulothoracic friction syndrome is a pain cause in the posterior area of the shoulder and that may be provoked by a dysfunction of this joint. When conservative treatment fails or when it is due to tumor injuries, surgical treatment is prescribed. The aim of present paper is to assess the results obtained with this type of treatment in our study group. METHODS: An intervention study was conducted in 17 patients with a scapulothoracic friction syndrome operated on the Upper Member Service of the Frank País International Orthopedics Scientific Complex from March, 2002 to March, 2008. Surgical technique was in correspondence with the triggering cause of this syndrome. Functional assessment of results was made at 6 months after surgery taking into account three categories of the Shoulder Functional Assessment Test of the Los Angeles University, California (pain, function and the patient's satisfaction grade), also for our study, three categories more were added to this test (flexion, abduction and antepulsion). RESULTS: Mean age in our series was of 31,8 years; 15 patients (89,4 percent were women, the more involved age groups were those under 20 years and between 31 to 40 years each, with predominance of the dominant limb in 10 patients (58,8 percent) with greater frequency in the intellectual ones. Assessment of pain, function, flexion, abduction and antepulsion showed a significant trend to improve of score. The 82 percent of patients showed excellent or good results(AU)

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las crisis de sacrolumbalgias agudas no específicas presentan una alta incidencia y constituyen un problema que afecta mayormente a pacientes en edad laboral. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el de establecer diferencias entre el uso o no de la electroacupuntura en el tratamiento de la crisis de sacrolumbalgia aguda no específica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio experimental terapéutico del tipo ensayo clínico, en 100 pacientes de ambos sexos y edades entre 27 y 65 años que asistieron al departamento de medicina tradicional, sección de consulta externa del Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional Frank País procedentes de la consulta externa de ortopedia de la institución y de áreas de salud del municipio La Lisa.Se aplicaron criterios de exclusión y se dividieron en dos grupos, uno recibió tratamiento de electroacupuntura y el otro tratamiento convencional. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento con electroacupuntura mostró ser más eficaz tanto en relación con el inicio en la remisión de los síntomas dolorosos como en el tiempo necesario para la remisión completa. CONCLUSIÓN: Por lo anterior la terapia con electroacupuntura se recomienda en el tratamiento de la sacrolumbalgia aguda no específica

INTRODUCTION: The scapulothoracic friction syndrome is a pain cause in the posterior area of the shoulder and that may be provoked by a dysfunction of this joint. When conservative treatment fails or when it is due to tumor injuries, surgical treatment is prescribed. The aim of present paper is to assess the results obtained with this type of treatment in our study group. METHODS: An intervention study was conducted in 17 patients with a scapulothoracic friction syndrome operated on the Upper Member Service of the Frank País International Orthopedics Scientific Complex from March, 2002 to March, 2008. Surgical technique was in correspondence with the triggering cause of this syndrome. Functional assessment of results was made at 6 months after surgery taking into account three categories of the Shoulder Functional Assessment Test of the Los Angeles University, California (pain, function and the patient's satisfaction grade), also for our study, three categories more were added to this test (flexion, abduction and antepulsion). RESULTS: Mean age in our series was of 31,8 years; 15 patients (89,4 percent were women, the more involved age groups were those under 20 years and between 31 to 40 years each, with predominance of the dominant limb in 10 patients (58,8 percent) with greater frequency in the intellectual ones. Assessment of pain, function, flexion, abduction and antepulsion showed a significant trend to improve of score. The 82 percent of patients showed excellent or good results

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Os estudos acerca dos programas destinados à prevenção de recaída em pacientes dependentes de substâncias psicoativas tem sido um tema cada vez mais abordado por diversos autores de diferentes especialidades. A importância dessas pesquisas se deve pelo crescente número de usuários a cada dia e por toda complexidade em torno da problemática em questão. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os benefícios e as limitações de uma vivência formulada para auxiliar a prevenção de recaída. A dinâmica é baseada nas técnicas da Bioenergética e de meditação, cuja finalidade consiste em reduzir os níveis dos sintomas ligados à abstinência, como a fissura – desejo intenso de utilizar a substância – e a ansiedade. O projeto contou com a colaboração de pacientes participantes de um programa de recuperação na cidade de Curitiba. No decorrer dos seis meses do programa foi possível identificar os fatores que interferem significativamente na superação da dependência e, ainda, constatar a eficácia da vivência elaborada na prevenção da recaída dos pacientes que estavam determinados em sua recuperação. (AU)

The studies on programs for the prevention of relapse in patients addicted to psychoactive substances have been an issue increasingly addressed by several authors from different specialties. The importance of those researches is due to the increasing number of users every day and all the complexity surrounding the issue. This study aims to evaluate the benefits and limitations of an experience formulated to help prevent relapse. The dynamics is based on the techniques of Bioenergetics and meditation, which aims to reduce levels of symptoms associated with withdrawal, such as craving – an intense desire to use the substance – and anxiety. The project involved the collaboration of patients subscribed in a recovery program in Curitiba. During the six months of the program was possible to identify the factors that interfere significantly on the overcoming of the addiction, and also verify the effectiveness of the experience developed in preventing relapse of patients who were determined to recover. (AU)

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Este artigo propõe uma reflexão a respeito da função do espaço intersubjetivo na psicoterapia – em especial, por meio da abordagem corporal Bioenergética – na elaboração de memórias pré-verbais. Estas se inscrevem no corpo muito precocemente e se manifestam ao longo da vida por meio de uma linguagem que não tem como meio a palavra, mas são constantemente transmitidas de forma inconsciente pela vitalidade do organismo – e/ou pelas restrições a esta vitalidade – na respiração, no tônus muscular, nos gestos e na movimentação, nas posturas. Assim se fazem presentes os primeiros anos da infância: atualizando-se nos vínculos e formas de se relacionar do adulto, buscando uma integração e uma decodificação consoantes com o desenvolvimento, até então impossíveis, que proporcionam regulação, amadurecimento e transformação. (AU)

This article proposes a reflection on the role of the intersubjective space in psychotherapy – in particular, by the Bioenergetics body-oriented approach – on the integration of pre-verbal memories. These are registered in the body very early and manifested lifelong through a language that hasn’t the word as a means, but are constantly unconsciously transmitted by the vitality of the body – and/or restrictions for this vitality – through breathing, muscle tone, gestures and movements, postures. Therefore the early childhood years are updated in the attachments and ways of relating of the adult, seeking an integration and a decoding according to the development, thitherto impossible, to provide regulation, maturation and transformation. (AU)

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O tratamento biológico de águas residuárias é realizado por microrganismos que utilizam determinado substrato para obtenção de energia e crescimento celular através de reações de oxidação-redução e fermentação. Esses mecanismos podem ser expressos por meio de reações estequiométricas desenvolvidas a partir de princípios da termodinâmica. As reações são dependentes dos compostos doadores e aceptores de elétrons. As equações balanceadas resultantes permitem estimar as necessidades de nutrientes, a variação de pH/alcalinidade, a produção de biomassa e gases e o coeficiente de produção celular associados aos sistemas biológicos de tratamento. Esta nota técnica descreveu a metodologia para cálculo estequiométrico de reações bioquímicas usando princípios de bioenergética, apresentando exemplos para diferentes substratos e aceptores de elétrons.

Biological wastewater treatment is performed by microorganisms by means of oxidation-reduction and fermentation reactions that release energy for growth and maintenance. These processes can be represented by stoichiometric reactions developed based on thermodynamic principles. Reactions are dependent on the compounds used as electron donor and acceptor. The overall stoichiometric reactions allow estimations of nutrient requirements, alkalinity/pH changes, biomass and gas production, and yield coefficient. This article described a methodology for stoichiometry calculations using bioenergetic principles, presenting examples with different substrates and electron acceptors.