RESUMO

Here, we describe the bacterial diversity and physicochemical properties in freshwater samples from the surface and bottom layers of the Billings Reservoir, the largest open-air storage ecosystem in the São Paulo (Brazil) metropolitan area. Forty-four samples (22 from the surface and 22 from the bottom layers) were characterized based on 16S rRNA gene analysis using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomical composition revealed an abundance of the Cyanobacteria phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, which were grouped into 1903 and 2689 different genera in the surface and the deep-water layers, respectively. Chroobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the most dominant classes. The Shannon diversity index was in the range of 2.3-5.39 and 4.04-6.86 in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. Flavobacterium was the most predominant pathogenic genus. Temperature and phosphorus concentrations were among the most influential factors in shaping the microbial communities of both layers. Predictive functional analysis suggests that the reservoir is enriched in motility genes involved in flagellar assembly. The overall results provide new information on the diversity composition, ecological function, and health risks of the bacterial community detected in the Billings freshwater reservoir. The broad bacterial diversity indicates that the bacterioplankton communities in the reservoir were involved in multiple essential environmental processes.

RESUMO

Here, we describe the bacterial diversity and physicochemical properties in freshwater samples from the surface and bottom layers of the Billings Reservoir, the largest open-air storage ecosystem in the São Paulo (Brazil) metropolitan area. Forty-four samples (22 from the surface and 22 from the bottom layers) were characterized based on 16S rRNA gene analysis using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomical composition revealed an abundance of the Cyanobacteria phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, which were grouped into 1903 and 2689 different genera in the surface and the deep-water layers, respectively. Chroobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the most dominant classes. The Shannon diversity index was in the range of 2.3–5.39 and 4.04–6.86 in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. Flavobacterium was the most predominant pathogenic genus. Temperature and phosphorus concentrations were among the most influential factors in shaping the microbial communities of both layers. Predictive functional analysis suggests that the reservoir is enriched in motility genes involved in flagellar assembly. The overall results provide new information on the diversity composition, ecological function, and health risks of the bacterial community detected in the Billings freshwater reservoir. The broad bacterial diversity indicates that the bacterioplankton communities in the reservoir were involved in multiple essential environmental processes.

RESUMO

The presence of endocrine disruptors in reservoirs and water sources has been related to environmental impact and public health issues. In this context, the objective of this study is to show morphological changes in the thyroid gland of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) exposed to the water from Billings Reservoir. Tilapia individuals were kept in two tanks, ten fishes in water from the Billings Reservoir and 10 fishes in mineral water (control). All specimens were sacrificed by medullary section after 5 months treatment period for thyroid collection. Histological analysis of Hematoxylin/Eosin stained glass slides and morphometric study of photomicrograph scans (1000X and 400X) of thyroid follicles (area, perimeter, circumference factor, major and minor diameter) were performed using Image J software. Preliminary study of six fishes (n = 6) from the Billings Reservoir and analysis of8 follicles per individual showed the presence of lymphocytic infiltrate and larger area and perimeter of follicles (26,969,881 ± 13,507,948, 4m2 X 10,957,141 ± 7,286,471,01m2 and 615,793 ± 387,122 ± 182.485,39m X 136.426,80m to p = 0.05). These results indicate that the Tilapia thyroid can be a biomarker for assessment of water contamination.(AU)

A presença de disruptores endócrinos em represas e mananciais e os conseqüentes problemas ambientais e de saúde pública têm sido relatados, nesse contexto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo evidenciar as alterações morfológicas na tireoide de Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) expostas às águas da Represa Billings. Para alcançar esse objetivo 20 tilápias foram armazenadas por 5 meses em dois aquários, sendo 10 peixes em um com a água proveniente da represa Billings e 10 peixes em um aquário com água mineral (controle). Após esse período os peixes foram sacrificados por secção medular para extração da tireóide. Foram realizadas análises histológicas das mesmas em lâminas coradas com hematoxilina/eosina e análises morfométricas de foto digitalizações (1000X e 400X), utilizando-se o programa Image J, dos folículos tireoideanos (área, perímetro, fator de circunferência, maior e menor diâmetro). Nas análises preliminares de seis peixes (n=6) expostos a água da represa Billings, observou-se em 8 folículos de cada exemplar, a presença de infiltrado linfocitário e também maior área e perímetro dos folículos (26.969.881 ± 13.507.948,4µm2 X 10.957.141 ± 7.286.471,01µm2 e 615.793 ± 182.485,39µm X 387.122 ± 136.426,80µm para p = 0,05). Esses resultados indicam que a tireóide de tilápias do Nilo pode ser um biomarcador para avaliação de águas contaminadas.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The presence of endocrine disruptors in reservoirs and water sources has been related to environmental impact and public health issues. In this context, the objective of this study is to show morphological changes in the thyroid gland of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) exposed to the water from Billings Reservoir. Tilapia individuals were kept in two tanks, ten fishes in water from the Billings Reservoir and 10 fishes in mineral water (control). All specimens were sacrificed by medullary section after 5 months treatment period for thyroid collection. Histological analysis of Hematoxylin/Eosin stained glass slides and morphometric study of photomicrograph scans (1000X and 400X) of thyroid follicles (area, perimeter, circumference factor, major and minor diameter) were performed using Image J software. Preliminary study of six fishes (n = 6) from the Billings Reservoir and analysis of8 follicles per individual showed the presence of lymphocytic infiltrate and larger area and perimeter of follicles (26,969,881 ± 13,507,948, 4m2 X 10,957,141 ± 7,286,471,01m2 and 615,793 ± 387,122 ± 182.485,39m X 136.426,80m to p = 0.05). These results indicate that the Tilapia thyroid can be a biomarker for assessment of water contamination.

A presença de disruptores endócrinos em represas e mananciais e os conseqüentes problemas ambientais e de saúde pública têm sido relatados, nesse contexto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo evidenciar as alterações morfológicas na tireoide de Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) expostas às águas da Represa Billings. Para alcançar esse objetivo 20 tilápias foram armazenadas por 5 meses em dois aquários, sendo 10 peixes em um com a água proveniente da represa Billings e 10 peixes em um aquário com água mineral (controle). Após esse período os peixes foram sacrificados por secção medular para extração da tireóide. Foram realizadas análises histológicas das mesmas em lâminas coradas com hematoxilina/eosina e análises morfométricas de foto digitalizações (1000X e 400X), utilizando-se o programa Image J, dos folículos tireoideanos (área, perímetro, fator de circunferência, maior e menor diâmetro). Nas análises preliminares de seis peixes (n=6) expostos a água da represa Billings, observou-se em 8 folículos de cada exemplar, a presença de infiltrado linfocitário e também maior área e perímetro dos folículos (26.969.881 ± 13.507.948,4µm2 X 10.957.141 ± 7.286.471,01µm2 e 615.793 ± 182.485,39µm X 387.122 ± 136.426,80µm para p = 0,05). Esses resultados indicam que a tireóide de tilápias do Nilo pode ser um biomarcador para avaliação de águas contaminadas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Registrou-se a mal acofauna e a helmintofauna associada nas coleções hídricas do município de Santo André, em especial da Represa Billings, contribuindo para a identificação de focos de parasitoses no município, em especial da esquistossomose. As coletas foram realizadas em coleções hídricas do tipo piscinão, lago, córrego e represa, no períodode abril a maio de 2009. Os moluscos dulciaquícolas foram identificados e submetidos a exame parasitológicopara a verificação da presença de larvas de trematódeos. Foram identificadas oito espécies e um gênero de moluscos:Biomphalaria tenagophila, Drepanotrema depressissimum, Lymnaea columella, Lymnaea viatrix, Melanoides tuberculatus,Omalonyx matheroni, Physa acuta, Physa marmorata, e Pomacea sp. É ampliada a distribuição geográfica deL. viatrix no Estado de São Paulo. Foram encontrados espécimes de B. tenagophila infectados por larvas de trematódeosidentificadas como Cercaria caratinguensis, Cercaria granulifera e echinocercaria I, e de L. columella infectadospor Ornatae cercaria. A presença de B. tenagophila, L. columella, L. viatrix e M. tuberculatus, em coleções hídricas de Santo André, deve ser visto com certa cautela, já que são espécies hospedeiras intermediárias de trematódeosque parasitam o homem e animais. Santo André é um município de risco potencial para parasitoses por apresentarregistro de moluscos hospedeiros intermediários de helmintos...

We registered the malacological and helminthological fauna in water collections in the county of Santo Andre, especiallythe Billings Reservoir, auxiliary in the identification of outbreaks of parasitic diseases in the county, special ofschistosomiasis. The snails were collected in water collections like artificial pool, lake, stream and reservoir in the periodfrom April to May 2009. The freshwater mollusks were identified and submitted to a parasitological exam to verifythe presence of trematodes larvae. Eight species and one genus of mollusks were found: Biomphalaria tenagophila,Drepanotrema depressissimum, Lymnaea columella, Lymnaea viatrix, Melanoides tuberculatus, Omalonyx matheroni,Physa acuta, Physa marmorata e Pomacea sp. The geographic distribution of L. viatrix is expanded in the state of SaoPaulo, which until now was only known in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul. Specimensof B. tenagophila were also found infected by larvae of trematodes, identified as Cercaria caratinguensis, Cercariagranulifera and echinocercária I and of L. columella infected by Ornatae cercaria. The presence of B. tenagophila, L.columella, L. viatrix and M. tuberculatus in water collections in the county of Santo André should be viewed with somecaution, because they are intermediate hosts of trematode that affect animal.and human population. Santo Andreis considered a potential risk for parasitic diseases for presenting records of intermediate helminthes host mollusks...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The income of small-scale fisheries of two urban reservoirs in Brazil: Represa Billings (127 km²) located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, the capital city of the state of São Paulo and Lago Paranoá (38 km²) located in Brasília (DF), the capital city of Brazil were calculated and compared. Both fisheries are mainly based on the alien Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (more than 80% of the total catch). Although these reservoirs are nearly 900 km apart, their native fish fauna belong to the Upper Paraná Province. The Represa Billings fishers have, on average, a daily profit of R$ 15.8 (U$ 8.4 mostly employing gill nets) and Lago Paranoá fishers R$ 46.6 (U$ 24.9, mostly employing cast nets), which is a statistically significant difference (P 0.001). The profit of the fisheries is explained by the factor "reservoir" and covariate "days of fishing". Due to the increasing violence in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, the Represa Billings fishery is vanishing.

Neste artigo, foi calculada e comparada a renda média de pescadores de pequena escala, que operam em dois reservatórios urbanos no Brasil: na Represa Billings (127 km²), localizada na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, e no Lago Paranoá (38 km²), localizado em Brasília (DF). Ambas as pescarias são baseadas em espécies exóticas, principalmente a Tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (mais de 80% das capturas). Os pescadores da Represa Billings têm um ganho médio diário de R$ 17,75 (U$ 8,4), empregando principalmente a rede-de-espera. Os pescadores do Lago Paranoá têm um ganho médio diário de R$ 46,58 (U$ 24,9), empregando principalmente a tarrafa. A renda dos pescadores de Brasília é estatisticamente superior à dos pescadores de São Paulo (P 0.01). O lucro dessas pescarias é explicado pela natureza do reservatório (Paranoá ou Billings) e pelos dias de pesca. Devido ao aumento da violência na região metropolitana de São Paulo, as pescarias na Represa Billings estão desaparecendo.