RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pre-slaughter management and slaughter operations are considered critical factors for animal welfare and meat quality. Previous studies have found poor animal welfare management at municipal slaughterhouses in Ecuador, and little is known about how this affects the microbiological quality of the meat. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the association of the microbiological quality of beef carcasses and animal welfare indicators in a municipal slaughterhouse in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for 6 months were collected from a municipal slaughterhouse in Ecuador. Five trained researchers were strategically located along the slaughter process. A total of 351 animals were observed with regard to welfare indicators, and their carcasses were sampled to evaluate microbiological quality. Antemortem (slipping, falling, and vocalization) and postmortem animal welfare indicators (bleed interval, pH, temperature, and bruises) were measured. To determine the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and Escherichia coli counts and the presence of Salmonella spp., we collected samples by swabbing four different points of each carcass. The association between microbiological quality and animal welfare indicators was studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: The mean TAB count was 5.3 log CFU/cm2, and the mean total count of E. coli was 2.4 log CFU/cm2. Salmonella spp. were isolated in 3.1% of the carcasses. An electric goad was used in all animals, 19.1% slipped at least once, and 19.9% vocalized. The mean pH of the carcasses was 7.2, and 79.2% of carcasses had bruises. Multivariate analysis showed that Salmonella spp. and the TAB count were associated with pH and the number of bruises (p = 0.01 in both cases). CONCLUSION: Although there was non-significant association between the majority of animal welfare indicators and microbiological quality, the poor management affecting animal welfare and carcass hygiene are worrisome.
RESUMO
In Argentina, Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups O157, O26, O103, O111, O145 and O121 are adulterant in ground beef. In other countries, the zero-tolerance approach to all STEC is implemented for chilled beef. Argentinean abattoirs are interested in implementing effective interventions against STEC on carcasses. Pre-rigor beef carcasses were used to determine whether nine antimicrobial strategies effectively reduced aerobic plate, coliform and E. coli counts and stx and eae gene prevalence. These strategies were: citric acid (2%; automated), acetic acid (2%; manual and automated), lactic acid (LA 2%; manual and automated), LA (3%; automated), electrolytically-generated hypochlorous acid (400â¯ppm; manual), hot water (82⯰C; automated) and INSPEXX (0.2%; automated). Automated application of 2% LA after 30-60-min aeration and 3% LA at 55⯰C were the most effective interventions. Automated application was more effective than manual application. Decontamination of beef carcasses through automated application of lactic acid and hot water would reduce public health risks associated with STEC contamination.
Assuntos
Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Carne Vermelha/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Matadouros , Ácido Acético , Animais , Argentina , Bovinos , Ácido Cítrico , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Hipocloroso , Ácido Láctico , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genética , Temperatura , ÁguaRESUMO
Los bovinos son el principal reservorio de Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC); las estrategias para evitar su transmisión se concentran en la planta de faena. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad higiénico-sanitaria y la frecuencia de detección de STEC en medias reses bovinas de frigoríficos de tránsito provincial. Se procesaron 274 esponjados de media res; en 9 (3,3%) el recuento de E. coli genérico fue marginal, en 4 (1,4%) se aisló E. coli O157, de los cuales 2 fueron caracterizados como stx2c(vh-a)/eae/ehxA, y los otros 2 como no toxigénicos. A partir de una (0,4%) muestra se aisló E. coli no-O157 ONT:H49, stx2a/ehxA/saa. En este trabajo la calidad del producto analizado indica que en la provincia de Tucumán se cumplen las buenas prácticas de manufactura en la faena de bovinos.
Cattle are the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and the strategies to prevent the transmission of these microorganisms are concentrated in the slaughtering plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality and the frequency of detection of STEC in beef carcasses in abattoirs from Tucuman province. Two hundred and seventy four beef carcass sponges were processed; the count of generic E. coli was marginal in 9 (3,3%) of them. Escherichia coli O157 was isolated in 4 (1,4%) samples; 2 of which were characterized as stx2c(vh-a)/eae/ehxA whereas the other 2 were non-toxigenic strains. Non-O157 E. coli ONT:H49, stx2a/ehxA/saa was isolated from 1 sample (0,4%). In this work the quality of the analyzed product indicates that the good practices of manufacture are fulfilled in slaughtering facilities in Tucumán province.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Matadouros , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Carne , Argentina , Escherichia coli O157 , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/análise , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Carne/microbiologiaRESUMO
Cattle are the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and the strategies to prevent the transmission of these microorganisms are concentrated in the slaughtering plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality and the frequency of detection of STEC in beef carcasses in abattoirs from Tucuman province. Two hundred and seventy four beef carcass sponges were processed; the count of generic E. coli was marginal in 9 (3,3%) of them. Escherichia coli O157 was isolated in 4 (1,4%) samples; 2 of which were characterized as stx2c(vh-a)/eae/ehxA whereas the other 2 were non-toxigenic strains. Non-O157 E. coli ONT:H49, stx2a/ehxA/saa was isolated from 1 sample (0,4%). In this work the quality of the analyzed product indicates that the good practices of manufacture are fulfilled in slaughtering facilities in Tucumán province.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Carne , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Animais , Argentina , Bovinos , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli O157 , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/análise , Carne/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A total of 120 beef carcasses were analyzed during processing at a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. The carcasses were sampled by swab at three different steps of the slaughter line and then they were tested for Salmonella and E. coli. The Salmonella isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella prevalence distribution was modeled and the probability of contamination was simulated using @Risk program and 10,000 interactions. Results demonstrated that 4 beef carcasses (3.3%) were positive for Salmonella only in the first point. The six isolates of Salmonella were classified: S. Newport (n = 3), S. Saintpaul (n = 2) and S. Anatum (n = 1). No Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to any of the antimicrobials tested. As expected, the most contaminated point with E. coli was the first point (hide), presenting counts from 0.31 to 5.07 log cfu/100 cm(2). Much smaller E. coli counts were observed in the other points. Results indicated low levels of Salmonella and E. coli on the beef carcasses analyzed and also low probability of contamination of the carcasses by Salmonella, suggesting adequate microbiological quality.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carga Bacteriana , Brasil , Cadáver , Bovinos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A total of 120 beef carcasses were analyzed during processing at a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. The carcasses were sampled by swab at three different steps of the slaughter line and then they were tested for Salmonella and E. coli. The Salmonella isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella prevalence distribution was modeled and the probability of contamination was simulated using @Risk program and 10,000 interactions. Results demonstrated that 4 beef carcasses (3.3%) were positive for Salmonella only in the first point. The six isolates of Salmonella were classified: S. Newport (n = 3), S. Saintpaul (n = 2) and S. Anatum (n = 1). No Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to any of the antimicrobials tested. As expected, the most contaminated point with E. coli was the first point (hide), presenting counts from 0.31 to 5.07 log cfu/100 cm². Much smaller E. coli counts were observed in the other points. Results indicated low levels of Salmonella and E. coli on the beef carcasses analyzed and also low probability of contamination of the carcasses by Salmonella, suggesting adequate microbiological quality.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Matadouros , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carga Bacteriana , Brasil , Cadáver , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A total of 120 beef carcasses were analyzed during processing at a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. The carcasses were sampled by swab at three different steps of the slaughter line and then they were tested for Salmonella and E. coli. The Salmonella isolates were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella prevalence distribution was modeled and the probability of contamination was simulated using @Risk program and 10,000 interactions. Results demonstrated that 4 beef carcasses (3.3%) were positive for Salmonella only in the first point. The six isolates of Salmonella were classified: S. Newport (n = 3), S. Saintpaul (n = 2) and S. Anatum (n = 1). No Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to any of the antimicrobials tested. As expected, the most contaminated point with E. coli was the first point (hide), presenting counts from 0.31 to 5.07 log cfu/100 cm². Much smaller E. coli counts were observed in the other points. Results indicated low levels of Salmonella and E. coli on the beef carcasses analyzed and also low probability of contamination of the carcasses by Salmonella, suggesting adequate microbiological quality.(AU)