RESUMO
The incidence of human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has decreased in Brazil; however, the number of areas reporting human and canine cases has increased, with Leishmania infantum usually preceding human infection. This study aimed to analyze the profile of infectious diseases that are endemic for both human and canine VL, in dogs housed in a shelter located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. Data was obtained between November/2021 to April/2022. All dogs residing at the shelter (98 dogs) were examined and blood was collected for testing for L. infantum, Ehrlichia canis, and Babesia sp. Statistical analyses considered the clinical and laboratory findings. Of the 98 animals, approximately 43% were positive for L. infantum antibodies, 19% were positive for L. infantum kDNA, and 18% were L. infantum positive by culture. Greater levels of anti-leishmania antibodies were observed in dogs with symptoms suggestive of VL. The dogs tested positive for E. canis (19/98) and B. canis (18/98). Lutzomyia longipalpis was captured inside the shelter, representing 74.25% (n = 225) of whole sandflies in the dog shelter. Concomitant infection by L. infantum and E. canis increased the odds of death. Treatment of VL included the use of allopurinol (n = 48) and miltefosine (n = 8). Treated animals showed more signs of Leishmania infection. Tickborn parasites and Leishmania were prevalent in sheltered dogs in a VL-endemic area, which increases the odds of death and poses an additional challenge for caring for abandoned dogs and at the same time setting protocols to manage reservoirs of L. infantum.
Assuntos
Babesia , Doenças do Cão , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Visceral , Leishmaniose , Psychodidae , Humanos , Animais , Cães , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Leishmania infantum/genética , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Opossums are synanthropic marsupials able to interchange among wild, periurban and urban environments, playing an epidemiologically important role as hosts for emerging pathogens and ectoparasites of relevance in public health. The present study aimed to detect and molecularly characterize vector-borne agents in a population of common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from the Island of São Luís do Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Of the 45 animals analyzed, one (2.22%) was positive in the nested PCR assay based on the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasmids. The obtained sequence was phylogenetically positioned in a clade containing sequences of Babesia sp. previously detected in Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris and associated ticks from Brazil. Eight (17.77%) samples were positive in PCR for Ehrlichia spp. based on the dsb gene; four samples were sequenced and positioned into a new clade, sister to E. minasensis and Ehrlichia sp. clade detected in Superorder Xenarthra mammals. No samples tested positive in the screening PCR assays based on the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. Two samples were positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene. Seven animals (15.56%) were positive in the nPCR based on the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas. Of these, three were positive in a PCR based on the 23S rRNA gene. The phylogenies based on both 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes corroborated to each other and positioned the sequences in the same clade of hemoplasmas previously detected in D. aurita and D. albiventris sampled in Brazil. Finally, three (6.66%) animals were positive in the PCR for Hepatozoon spp.; the obtained 18S rRNA sequence was positioned into the H. felis clade.The present study showed, for the first time, the circulation of piroplasmids, Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia spp., hemoplasmas and Bartonella spp. in D. marsupialis sampled in northeastern Brazil, with description of putative novel genotypes of Ehrlichia and Hepatozoon and copositivity by different vector-borne agents. The present work consolidates the "South American Marsupialia" piroplasmid clade, adding one more genotype of Babesia sp. to this clade.
Assuntos
Babesia , Bartonella , Didelphis , Carrapatos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Anaplasma/genética , Ehrlichia/genética , Babesia/genética , Bartonella/genética , MamíferosRESUMO
The growing proximity of wildlife to large urban niches arouses greater interest in understanding wild reservoirs in the epidemiology of diseases of importance to animal and human health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of piroplasmids in opossums rescued from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Blood and bone marrow samples were collected from 15 Didelphis aurita and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the 18S rRNA, cox1, cox3, and hsp70 genes of piroplasmids. Clinical and hematological evaluation of the animals was also performed. Five (33.3%) of the 15 opossums tested positive for piroplasms in the nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA, and in two animals, it was possible to observe intra-erythrocytic structures compatible with merozoites. One of the positive animals showed clinical signs of infection such as jaundice, fever, and apathy. Anemia, low level of plasma protein, leukocytosis, and regenerative erythrocyte signs were observed in positive animals. Phylogenetic analysis based on both 18S rRNA and cox-3 genes demonstrated that the piroplasmids detected in D. aurita formed a unique sub-clade, albeit related to piroplasmids previously detected in Didelphis albiventris and associated ticks from Brazil. This study proposes the novel Piroplasmida Clade, namely "South American Marsupialia Group," and reinforces the need for new clinical-epidemiological surveys to understand the dynamics of these infections in didelphids in Brazil.
Assuntos
Didelphis , Marsupiais , Piroplasmida , Animais , Humanos , Filogenia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Piroplasmida/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genéticaRESUMO
O artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre os efeitos reprodutivos da infecção pelos principais patógenos transmitidos por vetores que acometem cães, Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. e Trypanosoma spp. São discutidas a patologia genital, fertilidade masculina e feminina, transmissão venérea, transmissão vertical, transmissão horizontal mãe-filho e sua relevância na epidemiologia das doenças.(AU)
The article presents a review of the reproductive effects of infection by main vector-borne pathogens of dogs, Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Trypanosoma spp. Genital pathology, male and female fertility, venereal transmission, vertical transmission, horizontal mother-offspring transmission and their relevance to the epidemiology of the diseases are discussed.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Cães , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores/veterinária , Doenças Genitais/veterinária , Babesia/patogenicidade , Trypanosoma/patogenicidade , Ehrlichia/patogenicidade , Anaplasma/patogenicidade , Leishmania/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis cause important economic losses in livestock production. In Uruguay, the main aetiological agents of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. The aim of this work was to describe the outbreaks of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay between 2016 and 2018. Convenience sampling was carried out. We worked with blood and organ samples from bovines with clinical signs and autopsy findings compatible with babesiosis and anaplasmosis. A total of 140 presumptive outbreaks were studied. Epidemiological information such as place, date of occurrence, age, number of sick and dead animals, clinical signs, autopsy findings, the presence of ticks and health management that involved injectables were registered. The diagnoses were carried out by blood and organ smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed by multiplex PCR. There were 83 (59.2%) positive outbreaks, comprising 35 (42.2%) A. marginale, 19 (22.9%) B. bigemina, 18 (21.7%) B. bovis and 11 (13.2%) mixed infections (Babesia spp. + A. marginale). Cows were the most commonly affected category. The clinical signs and autopsy findings with a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) were anaemia, pale mucous membranes, fever, jaundice, ataxia and aggressiveness, splenomegaly, and orange discolouration of the liver. Babesiosis had a seasonal occurrence, mainly in autumn, while anaplasmosis cases were recorded throughout the year. The use of injectable agents was associated with A. marginale transmission. This work contributes updated information about epidemiological and clinical patterns of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay, which is important for implementing preventive measures and control.
Assuntos
Anaplasmose , Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Anaplasmose/diagnóstico , Animais , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Feminino , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The order Piroplasmida encompasses tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical importance positioned in two main families: Babesiidae and Theileriidae. Even though previous studies carried out in Brazil recorded the occurrence of piroplasmid species circulating in small mammals, 18S RNA gene sequences were only partially sequenced, preventing the assessment of their phylogenetic positioning. The current study aimed to detect and characterize, using morphological, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches, piroplasmids from wild mammals and associated ticks sampled in Central-Western Brazil. Out of 67 Didelphis albiventris sampled, 22 (16.4%) were positive for piroplasmids by PCR. In contrast, none of the 48 small rodents and 14 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) was PCR-positive. Four Amblyomma dubitatum ticks-one from Rattus rattus, one from H. hydrochaeris, and two from D. albiventris-out of 114 Amblyomma spp. DNA samples were positive for piroplasmids by PCR. The phylogenetic inference performed using the near-complete 18S rRNA gene positioned the putative novel piroplasmid species detected in D. albiventris and associated A. dubitatum ticks near to Babesia sensu lato clade (Western group-cluster III) and distant from the Australian marsupial-associated piroplasms. Phylogenetic inferences based on two additional molecular markers, namely hsp-70 and cox-1, supported the near-complete 18S rRNA gene phylogenetic inference. Finally, the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences detected in ticks from rodents (R. rattus and H. hydrochaeris) showed 97.2-99.4% identity with the Piroplasmida previously detected in a capybara from Brazil, raising evidence that a still uncharacterized piroplasmid species has been identified in the capybara, the largest rodent species from South America.
Assuntos
Babesia , Didelphis , Marsupiais , Carrapatos , Animais , Austrália , Babesia/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Ratos , RoedoresRESUMO
In this study, we evaluated the monitoring of tick fever (TF) in a Brazilian dairy farm in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from July 10 to August 4, 2018. We aimed to identify diagnostic and treatment flaws in the protocol adopted by the farm, and to establish a novel and accurate TF monitoring protocol based on precision dairy farming and rational use of antimicrobials and antiparasitic drugs, while evaluating the economic benefits of the proposed strategy. We monitored TF in 395 heifer calves aged between 3 and 14 mo. According to the farm's standard protocol, all calves with an increase of 0.5°C in rectal temperature compared with the previous week's measurement were treated for Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. Blood smears were collected from the tail tip of the treated calves. During the last week of the study, we prepared blood smears of all calves regardless of treatment indication. Economic analysis was performed. The results indicated that at least 56.86% (261/459) of the calves did not require treatment for TF, whereas only 23.09% (106/459) had treatment indications. Negative blood smears (45.97%; 211/459) indicated the possibility of calves being affected by another disease or a condition that was not being adequately treated or those not necessarily sick. These results demonstrate the excessive use of medications, representing a direct economic loss, in addition to potentially favoring the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobials. In contrast, 9.42% (26/276) of calves had no treatment indication based on rectal temperature but had treatment indications based on blood smears. Only 5.73% (42/735) of blood smears had co-infection with hemopathogens, and none had triple co-infection. Therefore, we proposed the monitoring of TF using rectal temperature and microscopic analysis. If implemented, this strategy would result in a direct annual savings of approximately $22,638.96 (77.99%) related to medication for the treatment of TF. Therefore, implementing the proposed protocol would be cheaper than treatment based only on rectal temperatures. The currently implemented TF protocols overestimate the occurrence of TF, resulting in overtreatment. Thus, implementing a TF monitoring protocol based on a microscopy tool is justified, with benefits including rational use of medication, potential to generate savings, and reduced morbidity and mortality rates, in addition to enabling other diagnoses.
Assuntos
Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Carrapatos , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Fazendas , FemininoRESUMO
The causative agents of Babesiosis are intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia. Babesia parasites are present around the world, affecting several mammals including humans, pets and livestock, hence its medical and veterinary relevance. Babesia spp. detection in its invertebrate host is a main point in understanding the biology of the parasite to acquire more knowledge on the host-Babesia-vector interactions, as increasing knowledge of the Babesia lifecycle and babesiosis epidemiology can help prevent babesiosis outbreaks in susceptible mammals. The aim of the present review is to highlight the newest findings in this field, based on a bibliographic compilation of research studies recently carried out for the detection of the main Babesia species found in tick vectors affecting mammalian hosts, including the different tick stages such as adult ticks, larvae, nymphs and eggs, as well as the detection method implemented: microscopic tools for parasite identification and molecular tools for parasite DNA detection by conventional PCR, nested-PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-RLB hybridization, real time-PCR, LAMP and RAP assays. Although molecular identification of Babesia parasites has been achieved in several tick species and tissue samples, it is still necessary to carry out transmission experiments through biological models to confirm the vectorial capacity of various tick species.
RESUMO
Detection of bovine Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale is based on the reading of Giemsa-stained blood or organ smears, which can have low sensitivity. Our aim was to improve the detection of bovine Babesia spp. and A. marginale by validating a multiplex PCR (mPCR). We used 466 samples of blood and/or organs of animals with signs and presumptive autopsy findings of babesiosis or anaplasmosis. The primers in our mPCR amplified the rap-1a gene region of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, and the msp-5 region of A. marginale. We used a Bayesian model with a non-informative priori distribution for the prevalence estimate and informative priori distribution for estimation of sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity for smear detection of Babesia spp. were 68.6% and 99.1%, and for A. marginale 85.6% and 98.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for mPCR detection for Babesia spp. were 94.2% and 97.1%, and for A. marginale 95.2% and 92.7%, respectively. Our mPCR had good accuracy in detecting Babesia spp. and A. marginale, and would be a reliable test for veterinarians to choose the correct treatment for each agent.
Assuntos
Anaplasma marginale/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/diagnóstico , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Anaplasma marginale/genética , Anaplasmose/sangue , Animais , Babesia/genética , Babesiose/sangue , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , UruguaiRESUMO
A babesiose canina é uma hemoparasitose, causada por um protozoário do gênero Babesia spp., que parasita os eritrócitos de animais infectados. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil hematológico e epidemiológico de cães diagnosticados com babesiose, através da visualização, no esfregaço sanguíneo, de merozoítos no interior dos eritrócitos, na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, durante cinco anos (2015 a 2019). No período, foram observados 38 cães acometidos. O segundo semestre, o período seco, foi o que apresentou um maior número de casos (60,5%). Observou-se maior frequência em cães machos (57,8%), sem raça definida (57,8%), com menos de um ano de idade (73,6%). As alterações hematológicas mais frequentes foram trombocitopenia (86,8%) e anemia (81,5%). Sugere-se, nesses casos, a inclusão da babesiose como diagnóstico diferencial. Apesar da baixa sensibilidade, a pesquisa de hemoparasitos, no esfregaço sanguíneo, pode ser utilizada na rotina clínica.
Canine babesiosis is a hemoparasitosis caused by a protozoan of the genus Babesia spp., that parasitize the erythrocytes of infected animals. This study aimed to analyze the hematological and epidemiological profile of dogs diagnosed with babesiosis, through visualization in blood smear of merozoites inside erythrocytes, in the city of Fortaleza/CE, for five years (2015 to 2019). During the period, 38 affected dogs were observed. The second half, the dry period, was the one with the highest number of cases (60.5%). A higher frequency was observed in male dogs (57.8%), mixed breed (57.8%) under one year of age (73.6%). The most frequent hematological changes were thrombocytopenia (86.8%) and anemia (81.5%). In these cases, it is suggested to include babesiosis as a differential diagnosis. Despite the low sensitivity, the search for hemoparasites in the blood smear can be used in the clinical routine.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/sangue , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Trombocitopenia/veterinária , Anemia/veterinária , BrasilRESUMO
Domestic dogs may carry several vector-borne pathogens, including zoonotic agents, especially in tropical regions like Central America. The epidemiology of these pathogens is prone to change due to urbanization, trade and travel as well as climate change, necessitating repeated monitoring. This study aims to present a comprehensive picture of canine vector-borne diseases in Costa Rica, combining data on seroprevalence with molecular species identification of the causative pathogens. In this survey, 294 dogs from all seven provinces of Costa Rica were included. After a clinical examination, diagnostic blood samples were analyzed with regard to packed cell volume (PCV) and presence of microfilaria. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) as well as antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. Seropositive and microfilaremic blood samples were analyzed by PCR to detect current infections and identify the pathogen species. Overall, 45.24% (133/294, 95% CI: 39.45-51.11%) of dogs were seropositive for at least one of the tested pathogens. Seroprevalence was highest for Ehrlichia spp. (39.46%, 116/294, 95% CI: 33.83-45.29%), followed by Babesia spp. (23.13%, 68/294, 95% CI: 18.43-28.38%), Anaplasma spp. (13.27%, 39/294, 95% CI: 9.61-17.69%), and B. burgdorferi s.l. (0.34%, 1/294, 95% CI: 0.01-1.88%). Generalized linear mixed models indicated a significant association of Ehrlichia-, Anaplasma- and Babesia-seropositivity, as well as a significant effect of age and breed on Ehrlichia-seropositivity. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative effect of Ehrlichia-, Anaplasma-, and Babesia-seropositivity on PCV was found. Regarding current infections, Ehrlichia canis DNA was detected in 51.72% (60/116, 95% CI: 42.26-61.10%) of Ehrlichia-seropositive dogs, while Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia chaffeensis were not detected. Furthermore, 10.26% (4/39, 95% CI: 2.87-24.22%) of Anaplasma-seropositive dogs were coinfected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys, while one animal (2.56%, 95% CI: 0.65-13.48%) was infected with A. phagocytophilum only. Among Babesia-seropositive dogs, Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis were detected in one animal each (1.47%, 1/68, 95% CI: 0.04-7.92%). Dirofilaria immitis antigen was detected in 4.42% (13/294, 95% CI: 2.38-7.44%) of dogs. In microfilaremic animals, D. immitis as well as Acanthocheilonema reconditum infections were identified. This survey demonstrates that canine vector-borne pathogens, including zoonotic agents like A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis, are widespread in Costa Rica. Thus, protection of dogs from disease-transmitting vectors is recommended from an animal welfare as well as public health perspective.
RESUMO
A babesiose é causada por hematozoários, como Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemna. Os sinais clínicos encontrados são febre, depressão, anorexia, icterícia, taquicardia, taquipneia, hemoglobinúria e quando há desenvolvimento da babesiose cerebral, os animais infectados por Babesia bovis demonstram sinais neurológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar caso de babesiose cerebral em bovino jovem, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Ensino Superior e Formação Integral FAEF. Em neonatos esta enfermidade ocorre com baixa frequência, devido à transferência de imunidade passiva. A necropsia é de essencial importância para o diagnóstico e prevenção desta enfermidade nos animais.(AU)
Babesiosis is caused by hematozoa, such as Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemna. The clinical signs found are fever, depression, anorexia, jaundice, tachycardia, tachypnea, hemoglobinuria and when there is development of cerebral babesiosis, Babesia bovis infected animals show neurological signs. The objective of this work is to report case of cerebral babesiosis in young bovine, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Higher Education and Integral Training - FAEF. In neonates this disease occurs with low frequency, due to the transference of passive immunity. Necropsy is of essential importance for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease in animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Babesiose/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Babesia , Imunização Passiva/veterináriaRESUMO
A babesiose é causada por hematozoários, como Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemna. Os sinais clínicos encontrados são febre, depressão, anorexia, icterícia, taquicardia, taquipneia, hemoglobinúria e quando há desenvolvimento da babesiose cerebral, os animais infectados por Babesia bovis demonstram sinais neurológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar caso de babesiose cerebral em bovino jovem, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Ensino Superior e Formação Integral FAEF. Em neonatos esta enfermidade ocorre com baixa frequência, devido à transferência de imunidade passiva. A necropsia é de essencial importância para o diagnóstico e prevenção desta enfermidade nos animais.
Babesiosis is caused by hematozoa, such as Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemna. The clinical signs found are fever, depression, anorexia, jaundice, tachycardia, tachypnea, hemoglobinuria and when there is development of cerebral babesiosis, Babesia bovis infected animals show neurological signs. The objective of this work is to report case of cerebral babesiosis in young bovine, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Higher Education and Integral Training - FAEF. In neonates this disease occurs with low frequency, due to the transference of passive immunity. Necropsy is of essential importance for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease in animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Babesia , Babesiose/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Imunização Passiva/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been increasingly recognized in cats living in areas endemic for the disease. Co-infection with Leishmania infantum and other infectious agents is well established in dogs. However, for cats, data on co-infections with L. infantum and other infectious agents are still sparse. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens, Mycoplasma spp., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats from an area endemic for VL in southeastern Brazil. RESULTS: Of the 90 cats, eight (8.9%) were infected with Mycoplasma spp., five (5.5%) were FIV- positive and one (1.1%) was FeLV-positive. Co-infection with L. infantum and at least one other infectious agent was found in 9/50 (18.0%; CI: 8.6-31.4%) cats. In Group 1 (cats infected naturally by L. infantum), 4/50 (8.0%) cats were positive for FIV, 4/50 (8%) for Mycoplasma spp. and 1/50 (2.0%) was co-infected with FeLV and Mycoplasma spp. In Group 2 (cats non-infected with L. infantum), 2/40 (5.0%) cats were infected with Mycoplasma spp. and 1/40 (2.5%) was co-infected with FIV and Mycoplasma spp. All cats were negative for Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp. and Anaplasma platys. CONCLUSION: A low prevalence of co-infection in Leishmania-infected and non-infected cats was found. Co-infections with Leishmania and vector-borne diseases in cats are not common in this area endemic for VL in Brazil.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida Felina/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Leucemia Felina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Gatos , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida Felina/virologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/isolamento & purificação , Leucemia Felina/virologia , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Some tick-borne pathogens that infect domestic cats have been considered emergent in veterinary medicine. Occurrences of Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and Cytauxzoon spp. have been described in several regions of Brazil. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of a Hepatozoon sp. strain detected in domestic cats in the metropolitan area of Cuiabá, in Midwestern Brazil. Based on a molecular analysis, we detected the presence of Hepatozoon species circulating among cats in this region. The aforementioned strain is closely related to other isolates of H. felis detected in wild felids. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis indicates that this genotype is grouped into a clade of 18S rRNA sequences previously described for the genus Hepatozoon in wild felids around the world. Hepatozoon felis strains detected in cats from Spain and Israel showed, respectively, 98% and 97% identity to our sequence and are clustered on a separate branch of the phylogenetic tree. This finding suggests a high diversity of Hepatozoon genotypes occurring in cats in Europe and South America. None of the analyzed cats were positive for Babesia spp. or Cytauxzoon spp. by PCR analysis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Animais de Estimação/parasitologia , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Babesia/genética , Gatos , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/transmissão , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18SRESUMO
In the present study, 87 Aberdeen Angus calves were used to assess the effects of low dose, agent-specific drugs on weight gain after a babesiosis and anaplasmosis outbreak. All animals were weighed on weaning (day 34) and again on day zero, with a mean (on day zero) of 223.46 Kg and an average individual daily weight gain (ADG) of 0.258 Kg. The animals were then separated in three groups: G1 was composed of 37 calves with below average ADG; G2 was composed of 35 animals with below average ADG; and G3 was composed of 15 animals with above average ADG. On day zero animals in G1 were treated with 1.17 mg Kg-1 of diminazene diaceturate and 6.7 mg Kg-1 of oxytetracycline; those in G2 were treated with 1.2 mg Kg-1 of imidocarb dipropionate; and those in G3 were not treated. The animals were then monitored daily for the onset of disease, and on days 15 and 34 they were weighed and had their blood harvested. Animals in G1 had the better overall ADG (0.613 Kg day-1) (P 0.05), with no clinical cases during the experiment. The performance in G2 was moderate, not differing from either G1 or G3 (mean ADG = 0.528 Kg day-1), however, this group had two clinical cases of anaplasmosis during the experiment. Animals in G3 had the worst performance, considering ADG (0.343 Kg day-1). When total weight gain per animal is compared for the study period (35 days), those in G1 gained an average...(AU)
No presente estudo foram utilizados novilhos da raça Aberdeen Angus remanescentes de um de surto de babesiose e anaplasmose, expostos a infestações por carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. No dia zero, o lote de 87 novilhos pesando em média 223,46 Kg, apresentava GMD de peso vivo de 0,258 Kg por dia nos últimos 34 dias. O lote foi dividido em 3 grupos: G1, 37 novilhos com GMD abaixo da média; G2, 35 novilhos com GMD abaixo da média; G3, 15 novilhos com GMD acima da média geral do lote. Os novilhos do G1 foram submetidos à quimioprofilaxia com uso de 1,17 mg Kg-1 de diaceturato de diminazeno e 6,7 mg Kg-1 de oxitetraciclina. Os novilhos do G2 foram submetidos à quimioprofilaxia com o uso de 1,2 mg Kg-1 de dipropionato de imidocarb. Os animais do G3 não foram medicados. O G1 obteve o melhor desempenho de ganho de peso no período (0,613 Kg dia-1) (P 0,05) e não apresentou nenhum caso clínico da doença durante o experimento. O protocolo quimioprofilático do G2 teve desempenho mediano, sem diferença dos demais grupos (0,528 Kg dia-1) e o G3 teve o pior desempenho (0,343 Kg dia-1), porém ocorreram 2 quadros clínicos de anaplasmose no final do experimento no G2. Na comparação do desempenho no ganho de peso total por animal no período, o G3 (Controle) obteve 11,667 Kg, O G2 obteve 17,957 Kg e o G1 obteve 20,851 Kg. O protocolo quimioprofilático a base de diaceturato de...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Aumento de Peso , Quimioprevenção/veterinária , Babesiose , AnaplasmoseRESUMO
In the present study, 87 Aberdeen Angus calves were used to assess the effects of low dose, agent-specific drugs on weight gain after a babesiosis and anaplasmosis outbreak. All animals were weighed on weaning (day 34) and again on day zero, with a mean (on day zero) of 223.46 Kg and an average individual daily weight gain (ADG) of 0.258 Kg. The animals were then separated in three groups: G1 was composed of 37 calves with below average ADG; G2 was composed of 35 animals with below average ADG; and G3 was composed of 15 animals with above average ADG. On day zero animals in G1 were treated with 1.17 mg Kg-1 of diminazene diaceturate and 6.7 mg Kg-1 of oxytetracycline; those in G2 were treated with 1.2 mg Kg-1 of imidocarb dipropionate; and those in G3 were not treated. The animals were then monitored daily for the onset of disease, and on days 15 and 34 they were weighed and had their blood harvested. Animals in G1 had the better overall ADG (0.613 Kg day-1) (P 0.05), with no clinical cases during the experiment. The performance in G2 was moderate, not differing from either G1 or G3 (mean ADG = 0.528 Kg day-1), however, this group had two clinical cases of anaplasmosis during the experiment. Animals in G3 had the worst performance, considering ADG (0.343 Kg day-1). When total weight gain per animal is compared for the study period (35 days), those in G1 gained an average...
No presente estudo foram utilizados novilhos da raça Aberdeen Angus remanescentes de um de surto de babesiose e anaplasmose, expostos a infestações por carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. No dia zero, o lote de 87 novilhos pesando em média 223,46 Kg, apresentava GMD de peso vivo de 0,258 Kg por dia nos últimos 34 dias. O lote foi dividido em 3 grupos: G1, 37 novilhos com GMD abaixo da média; G2, 35 novilhos com GMD abaixo da média; G3, 15 novilhos com GMD acima da média geral do lote. Os novilhos do G1 foram submetidos à quimioprofilaxia com uso de 1,17 mg Kg-1 de diaceturato de diminazeno e 6,7 mg Kg-1 de oxitetraciclina. Os novilhos do G2 foram submetidos à quimioprofilaxia com o uso de 1,2 mg Kg-1 de dipropionato de imidocarb. Os animais do G3 não foram medicados. O G1 obteve o melhor desempenho de ganho de peso no período (0,613 Kg dia-1) (P 0,05) e não apresentou nenhum caso clínico da doença durante o experimento. O protocolo quimioprofilático do G2 teve desempenho mediano, sem diferença dos demais grupos (0,528 Kg dia-1) e o G3 teve o pior desempenho (0,343 Kg dia-1), porém ocorreram 2 quadros clínicos de anaplasmose no final do experimento no G2. Na comparação do desempenho no ganho de peso total por animal no período, o G3 (Controle) obteve 11,667 Kg, O G2 obteve 17,957 Kg e o G1 obteve 20,851 Kg. O protocolo quimioprofilático a base de diaceturato de...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Anaplasmose , Aumento de Peso , Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Quimioprevenção/veterináriaRESUMO
Os hemoparasitos pertencentes ao gênero Babesia são intensamente estudados devido sua importância na economia da pecuária mundial. Culturas de hemócitos e células embrionárias de carrapatos constituem excelentes substratos para o isolamento e cultivo de hemoparasitos patogênicos, incluindo Babesia spp. Esta metodologia contribui para estudos da biologia, fisiopatologia, bem como controle da espécie. O presente estudo teve como objetivos cultivar in vitro, esporocinetos de Babesia bigemina em hemócitos e em células embrionárias de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Após desinfecção superficial de fêmeas ingurtitadas, a hemolinfa foi coletada e transferida para frascos de cultura com 25 cm2 e tubo de 10cm² e incubados a 28 °C. Para iniciar o cultivo primário embrionário, fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. (B) microlpus foram incubadas à 28°C e após 13 dias de postura, os ovos foram desinfectados superficialmente, macerados, filtrados e transferidos para meio de cultivo L15 suplementado e em temperatura de 28ºC. Observações foram realizadas diariamente em microscópio de contraste de fase invertido. Realizou-se Citospin e gota espessa das amostras, que foram coradas com Giemsa e observadas em microscopia de luz. Foram realizadas PCR para B. bigemina e Babesia bovis, utilizando dois pares de iniciadores para identificar o gene 18SrRNA para ambas espécies e também foi realizado a morfometria dos esporocinetos para confirmação da espécie. Esporocinetos de B. bigemina criopreservados a partir da cultura de hemócitos, foram descongelados, reativados em hemócitos livres de infecção e em células de linhagem CTVM/BME2. Observou-se o desenvolvimento dos esporocinetos de B. bigemina a partir do primeiro dia do cultivo, após reativação nas células. Os protozoários apresentaram boa motilidade e capacidade de aderência na membrana celular pela extremidade apical. No citoplasma dos hemócitos observou-se formas redondas, móveis e com núcleo vísivel de esporocinetos de B. bigemina. Nas amostras coradas do 3° e 17° dia do cultivo de esporocinetos de B. bigemina em hemócitos foram observadas formas íntegras piriformes de esporocinetos imaturos e maduros, com núcleo corado de vermelho escuro, as vezes, centralizado ou próximo da extremidade apical. Nas amostras do 17° dia de cultivo foram observados muitas formas pequenas redondas e ovais, compatíveis com esporocinetos imaturos. Pela técnica PCR foi possível a amplificação do DNA para o gene 18SrRNA de B. bigemina, assim como pelo estudo comparativo das mensurações dos esporocinetos. Os hemócitos e células embrionárias de R. (B.) microplus constituíram-se em substratos eficientes para cultivo in vitro de esporocinetos de B. bigemina. Foi possível a criopreservação de esporocinetos de B. bigemina em nitrogênio líquido e a sua reativação em cultura de hemócitos de R. (B.) microplus e em células da linhagem BME2
Assuntos
Animais , Babesia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Economia/estatística & dados numéricos , Economia/tendênciasRESUMO
Com o objetivo de estudar a fauna parasitária de Cerdocyon thous e Pseudalopex gymnocercus foram estimadas a prevalência, a intensidade média de infecção e abundância de helmintos gastrintestinais e artrópodes nesses hospedeiros. Foram capturados 40 canídeos silvestres na Região Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos municípios de Pedro Osório e Pelotas. Os animais foram capturados usando-se armadilha tipo Live Trap. Logo após a captura, os animais eram sedados, momento em que se coletava sangue e buscava-se coletar artrópodes ectoparasitos mediante exame minucioso. Em seguida os animais eram transportados para o Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia do Instituto de Biologia da UFPel, onde eram sacrificados usando-se pentobarbital sódico. Após a necropsia, os compartimentos do trato digestório, respiratório e renal foram isolados e examinados na busca de parasitos. O crânio dos animais foi usado para identificação taxonômica dos canídeos, dos quais 45% eram C. thous e 55% P. gymnocercus, podendo-se inferir que ambos canídeos são encontrados habitando a região fisiográfica desse trabalho. A totalidade dos animais (100%) apresentou-se parasitado. Amblyomma aureolatum é o carrapato com maior prevalência em P. gymnocercus (23,7%) e C. thous (61,11%) na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nos nematódeos, os parasitos mais freqüentes foram: Ancyl
RESUMO
Com o objetivo de estudar a fauna parasitária de Cerdocyon thous e Pseudalopex gymnocercus foram estimadas a prevalência, a intensidade média de infecção e abundância de helmintos gastrintestinais e artrópodes nesses hospedeiros. Foram capturados 40 canídeos silvestres na Região Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos municípios de Pedro Osório e Pelotas. Os animais foram capturados usando-se armadilha tipo Live Trap. Logo após a captura, os animais eram sedados, momento em que se coletava sangue e buscava-se coletar artrópodes ectoparasitos mediante exame minucioso. Em seguida os animais eram transportados para o Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia do Instituto de Biologia da UFPel, onde eram sacrificados usando-se pentobarbital sódico. Após a necropsia, os compartimentos do trato digestório, respiratório e renal foram isolados e examinados na busca de parasitos. O crânio dos animais foi usado para identificação taxonômica dos canídeos, dos quais 45% eram C. thous e 55% P. gymnocercus, podendo-se inferir que ambos canídeos são encontrados habitando a região fisiográfica desse trabalho. A totalidade dos animais (100%) apresentou-se parasitado. Amblyomma aureolatum é o carrapato com maior prevalência em P. gymnocercus (23,7%) e C. thous (61,11%) na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nos nematódeos, os parasitos mais freqüentes foram: Ancyl