RESUMO
Coenzyme Q (CoQ; ubiquinone) is an essential component of the respiratory chain. It is also a potent antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage to DNA, biological membranes, and lipoproteins. CoQ comprises a six-carbon ring with polar substituents that interact with electron acceptors and donors, and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid chain that allows for its localization in cellular membranes. Human CoQ has 10 isoprenoid units (CoQ10) within the polyisoprenoid chain. Few microorganisms produce CoQ10. This work shows that Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16 produces CoQ10 and CoQ9. The CoQ10 content in RT2316-16 depended strongly on the composition of the growth medium and the age of the culture, whereas the CoQ9 content was less variable probably because it served a different function in the cell. Adding p-hydroxybenzoic acid to the culture media positively influenced the CoQ10 content of the cell. The absence of some B vitamins and p-aminobenzoic acid in the culture medium negatively affected the growth of RT2316-16, but reduced the decline in CoQ10 that otherwise occurred during growth. The highest content of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in the biomass were 855 µg g-1 and 10 mg g-1, respectively. The results presented here suggest that the thraustochytrid RT2316-16 can be a potential vehicle for producing CoQ10. Metabolic signals that trigger the synthesis of CoQ10 in RT2316-16 need to be determined for optimizing culture conditions.
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Antioxidantes , Ubiquinona , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Membranas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Membrana Celular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: DNA methylation patterns are directly associated with diverse metabolic disorders. The status of methyl-donor micronutrients has been associated with DNA methylation levels, and altered ingestion of folate, choline, betaine, B vitamins and methionine may impact genes both globally and at the level of promoter regions. Despite this, the role of methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation on DNA methylation profiles is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to identify and synthesize the evidence about methyl-donor nutrient supplementation on DNA methylation. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with a combination of terms related to DNA methylation assessment, supplementation, and methyl-donor nutrients. Studies (in vitro, animal models, or human clinical trials) were included if DNA methylation levels after any kind of methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation or treatment was investigated. Studies were assessed for bias using Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, risk-of-bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions or Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tools. Data were extracted from studies measuring DNA methylation levels in any sample or tissue, following any kind of methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation or treatment. Separate random-effects meta-analyses were performed for animal model studies and human clinical trials that examined the effects of folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies were included in this systematic review: 18 human clinical trials, 35 in animal model, and 4 in vitro studies. Concerning overall risk of bias, most of the studies were classified as "high risk" or "some concerns." Meta-analysis with meta-regression from studies in animal models showed that folic acid dose significantly affected DNA methylation and that high and very high doses showed increases in DNA methylation when compared to low doses. However, meta-analysis of human clinical trials showed that folic acid supplementation did not promote significant changes in DNA methylation when compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: Folic acid supplementation may change global DNA methylation levels in animals supplemented with high, as compared to low, doses. Heterogeneity in studies and supplementation protocols make it difficult to establish clinical recommendations. However, these effects, even if small, might be of clinical importance in the management of patients with diseases related to DNA hypomethylation.
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Metilação de DNA , Complexo Vitamínico B , Humanos , Animais , Ácido Fólico , Suplementos Nutricionais , MicronutrientesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vitamins B6, B12, and folate are essential for the formation and maintenance of the human brain, but studies evaluating these vitamins with early childhood development (ECD) in children under 5 y are limited and controversial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between vitamins B6, B12, and folate concentrations/status and ECD. METHODS: Data regarding 6520 children aged 6-59 mo from the ENANI-2019 (the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition) were analyzed. ECD was assessed using the Survey of Well-being of Young Children's milestones questionnaire. Vitamin B6 concentration (nmol/L) was classified according to the tertile of the distribution and with the cutoff <20 nmol/L. Folate concentrations >45.3 nmol/L were classified as high, and vitamin B12 <150 pmol/L was deficient. The graded response model was used to estimate developmental age, and the developmental quotient (DQ) was calculated as the developmental age divided by chronological age. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: The DQ mean (95% confidence interval) for Brazilian children was 0.99 (0.97-1.01). Children aged 6-23 mo [1.13 (1.10-1.16)] had a higher DQ mean than those aged 24-35 [0.99 (0.95-1.03)] and 36-59 mo [0.89 (0.86-0.92)]. Child age was inversely associated with DQ (ß = -0.007; P < 0.001). An interaction between child age and vitamin B12 deficiency in the DQ (ß = -0.005; P < 0.001) indicated that, in children aged 36-59 mo, the DQ was markedly lower in children with vitamin B12 deficiency than in those without vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B6 concentrations were directly associated with the DQ (ß = 0.0004; P = 0.031) among children aged 24-59 mo in the adjusted model. No association was observed between folate status and DQ. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, the DQ is lower among older children and those with vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B6 status was directly associated with the DQ in children aged 24-59 mo.
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12 , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Lactente , Vitamina B 6 , Brasil , Estado Nutricional , Vitaminas , Vitamina B 12 , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of B vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving the standard treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. We also aimed to gather the evidence supporting the recommendations for supplementation in clinical practice. METHODS: Performed between March 2020 and September 2021, the main inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with patients ≥ 18 years old, both sexes, fulfilling target diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or mild to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, the RCTs were included if the scales to assess the severity of the symptoms were standardized rating scales in psychiatric. Trials that reported diagnoses of schizophrenia, perinatal depression, bipolar depression, sleep disorders, eating disorders, cancer, and multiple sclerosis in association with any of the mentioned diagnoses were excluded. RESULTS: We identified 20 RCTs that matched all eligibility criteria, totaling 2,256 subjects, diagnosed with MDD, GAD, and depressive or anxiety symptoms. Supplementation with folic acid or L-methylfolate, B1, B12 or methylcobalamin, and vitamin D (in different doses and study duration) significantly decreased depression score scales by increasing response to standard pharmacological treatment or as monotherapy, including partial or complete remission. As for anxiety symptoms, the availability of results is limited to adjuvant vitamin D therapy. DISCUSSION: B vitamins and vitamin D associated with other compounds also showed significant results, so the improvement in symptoms cannot be attributed strictly to those. Our results suggest that intervention with B vitamins and/or vitamin D may be an effective and well-tolerated adjuvant strategy for improving the symptoms of depression and anxiety, according to the patient's clinical status and nutritional biomarkers.
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Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Complexo Vitamínico B , Masculino , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the associations between maternal factors and B-vitamin and choline concentrations in early milk and the trajectories of these vitamins during lactation. OBJECTIVES: In this hypothesis-generating study, we modeled the association between maternal and offspring factors and longitudinal changes in milk B-vitamin and choline concentrations throughout lactation. METHODS: A hundred women were studied in a prospective birth cohort and milk samples from 52 women were collected at 2-8 d, 76 women at 28-50 d, and 42 women at 88-119 d postpartum. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation was assessed by an FFQ. Linear mixed-effects models with interaction terms were used to evaluate changes in milk B-vitamin and choline concentrations over time based on maternal factors and the early postpartum concentrations of these micronutrients. RESULTS: The women with higher early postpartum milk concentrations of niacin (ßinteraction = -0.02; SE = 0.00; P < 0.001), pantothenic acid (ßinteraction = -0.10; SE = 2.56; P < 0.001), vitamin B-12 (ßinteraction= -0.10; SE = 0.03; P < 0.001), and choline (ßinteraction= -0.90; SE = 0.18; P < 0.001) exhibited a decrease in their concentrations throughout lactation. The participants with overweight and obesity prepregnancy experienced an increase in milk vitamin B-12 concentrations over time (ßinteraction = 0.04; SE = 0.02; P = 0.06). In contrast, a decrease in vitamin B-12 concentration was observed among women with vitamin B-12 intake below the RDA during pregnancy (ßinteraction= -0.08; SE = 0.05; P = 0.07). The women with niacin intake below the RDA during lactation experienced an increase in milk concentrations over time (ßinteraction = 0.01; SE = 0.01; P = 0.03). A gestational age at birth >40 wk was associated with an increase in milk choline concentration throughout lactation (ßinteraction = 0.54; SE = 0.16; P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in B-vitamin and choline concentrations in human milk over time may be associated with the early concentrations of these micronutrients in milk, maternal prepregnancy BMI, dietary intake, and gestational age at delivery.
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Colina/administração & dosagem , Leite Humano/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Colina/química , Colina/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactação , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Complexo Vitamínico B/química , Complexo Vitamínico B/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Evidence suggests that the antinociceptive activity of various drugs can be increased when administered in combination with B vitamins (BVs). The aim of this study was to examine the potential interaction between statins and BVs to counter nociception, the latter measured by the formalin test. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), pravastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), BVs (31, 56, 100 and 180 mg/kg) or calculated combinations of BVs with each drug. The effective dose 30 (ED30 ) was calculated for each statin and BVs and subjected to isobolographic analysis, thus finding the ED30 of the combinations. The antinociceptive experimental ED30 values for BVs administered with atorvastatin, pravastatin or rosuvastatin were 1.53 ± 0.38, 6.74 ± 0.04 and 4.26 ± 0.39, respectively, being lower (p < .05) than the corresponding theoretical ED30 : 28.02 ± 2.20, 28.17 ± 2.20 and 29.86 ± 2.21. Since BVs likely boost the antinociceptive effect of statins, these combinations could possibly be advantageous in pain management.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo Vitamínico B/farmacologia , Animais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Masculino , Medição da Dor , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate a mixture of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (a riboflavin-producer, a folate-producer and an immunomodulatory strain) as co-adjuvant for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in cell culture and using a 4T1 cell animal model of breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: The viability of Caco-2 cells exposed to 5-FU and/or LAB was analysed. Mice bearing breast tumour were treated with 5-FU and/or LAB. Tumour growth was measured. Intestinal mucositis (IM) was evaluated in small intestine; haematological parameters and plasma cytokines were determined. The bacterial mixture did not negatively affect the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU on Caco-2 cells. The LAB mixture attenuated the IM and prevented blood cell decreases associated with 5-FU treatment. Mice that received 5-FU and LAB mixture decreased tumour growth and showed modulation of systemic cytokines modified by both tumour growth and 5-FU treatment. The LAB mixture by itself delayed tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS: The mixture of selected LAB was able to reduce the side-effects associated with chemotherapy without affecting its primary anti-tumour activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This bacterial mixture could prevent the interruption of conventional oncologic therapies by reducing undesirable side-effects. In addition, this blend would provide essential nutrients (vitamins) to oncology patients.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Lactobacillales/imunologia , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Citocinas/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mucosite/microbiologia , Mucosite/patologia , Riboflavina/metabolismo , VitaminasRESUMO
The neurotropic B vitamins B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) are essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. Deficiencies may induce neurological disorders like peripheral neuropathy (PN) and mainly occur in vulnerable populations (eg, elderly, diabetics, alcoholics). As epidemiologic cohort studies raised safety concerns about vitamin B6/B12 intake being potentially associated with increased risks of hip fracture (HF) and lung cancer (LC), we explored these aspects and performed comprehensive literature searches. However, we suggest not to neglect actual high-risk factors (eg, smoking in LC, higher age in HF) by focusing on individual nutrients, but to examine the complex interaction of numerous factors involved in disease development. Because it warrants continued consideration, we also provide an update on neurotoxicity associated with vitamin B6. We consider that neurological side effects due to vitamin B6 intake are rare and only occur with high daily doses and/or longer treatment duration. The benefit-risk ratio of high-dose treatment with neurotropic B vitamins in indications like PN is therefore considered advantageous, particularly if dosing recommendations are followed and serum levels monitored.
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BACKGROUND: Maternal supplementation during lactation could increase milk B-vitamin concentrations, but little is known about the kinetics of milk vitamin responses. OBJECTIVES: We compared acute effects of maternal lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) consumption (n = 22 nutrients, 175%-212% of the RDA intake for the nutrients examined), as a single dose or at spaced intervals during 8 h, on milk concentrations and infant intake from milk of B-vitamins. METHODS: This randomized crossover trial in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala included 26 mother-infant dyads 4-6 mo postpartum who were randomly assigned to receive 3 treatments in a random order: bolus 30-g dose of LNS (Bolus); 3 × 10-g doses of LNS (Divided); and no LNS (Control), with control meals. Mothers attended three 8-h visits during which infant milk consumption was measured and milk samples were collected at every feed. Infant intake was assessed as $\mathop \sum \nolimits_{i\ = \ 1}^n ( {{\rm{milk\ volum}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{feed\ }}n}} \times \ {\rm{nutrient\ concentratio}}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{feed}}\ n}}} )$ over 8 h. RESULTS: Maternal supplementation with the Bolus or Divided dose increased least-squares mean (95% CI) milk and infant intakes of riboflavin [milk: Bolus: 154.4 (138.2, 172.5) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 84.5 (75.8, 94.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 64.5 (56.1, 74.3) µg; Control: 34.5 (30.0, 39.6) µg], thiamin [milk: Bolus: 10.9 (10.1, 11.7) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 7.7 (7.2, 8.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 5.1 (4.4, 6.0) µg; Control: 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) µg], and pyridoxal [milk: Bolus: 90.5 (82.8, 98.9) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 60.8 (55.8, 66.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 39.4 (33.5, 46.4) µg; Control: 25.0 (21.4, 29.2) µg] (all P < 0.001). Only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin in milk [Bolus: 0.054 (0.047, 0.061) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 0.041 (0.035, 0.048) µg · min-1 · mL-1, P = 0.039] and infant cobalamin intake [Bolus: 0.023 (0.020, 0.027) µg; Control: 0.015 (0.013, 0.018) µg, P = 0.001] compared with Control. Niacin was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal supplementation with LNS as a Bolus or Divided dose was similarly effective at increasing milk riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxal and infant intakes, whereas only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin. Niacin was unaffected in 8 h. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464111.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Lactação , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/sangue , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/sangue , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos Cross-Over , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactente , Micronutrientes/química , Leite Humano/química , Niacina/administração & dosagem , Niacina/sangue , Niacina/farmacocinética , Piridoxal/administração & dosagem , Piridoxal/sangue , Piridoxal/farmacocinética , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/sangue , Riboflavina/farmacocinética , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/sangue , Tiamina/farmacocinética , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Vitamina B 12/farmacocinética , Vitaminas/farmacocinética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inflammation mediates the associations among food intake, clinical-nutritional status, and plasma homocysteine (Hcys) in hemodialysis (HD) subjects. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data on 129 subjects undergoing HD (58.9% male, 61.8 ± 15.5 years of age) from the cohort Nutrition and Genetics on HD outcomes (NUGE-HD study). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and metabolic data were collected, and food intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as an inflammatory marker. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Regarding the direct effects, complex B vitamin intake was negatively associated with body mass index, and diabetes mellitus was positively associated with CRP. Plasma CRP also showed a negative association with Hcys, and the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake showed a positive association with Hcys. Regarding indirect effects, the results showed that the relationship between the presence of diabetes mellitus and Hcys is mediated by plasma CRP. In conclusion, the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids had a direct effect on plasma Hcys, whereas inflammation had a direct and mediating effect on the relationship between Hcys and diabetes mellitus in HD subjects. Novelty In end-stage renal disease, CRP influences plasma Hcys directly and also indirectly through its mediating effect. The quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids influence plasma Hcys concentrations in HD subjects.
Assuntos
Homocisteína/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Estado Nutricional , Diálise Renal , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus , Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Arsenic is a known childhood neurotoxicant, but its neurotoxicity at low exposure levels is still not well established. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to test the association between low-level arsenic exposure and executive functions (EF) among children in Montevideo. We also assessed effect modification by arsenic methylation capacity, a susceptibility factor for the health effects of arsenic, and by B-vitamin intake, which impacts arsenic methylation. METHODS: Arsenic exposure was assessed as the specific gravity-adjusted sum of urinary arsenic metabolites (U-As) among 255 ~ 7 year-old children, and methylation capacity as the proportion of urinary monomethylarsonic acid (%MMA). Arsenic concentrations from kitchen water samples at participants' homes were assessed. B-vitamin intake was calculated from the average of two 24-hour dietary recalls. EF was measured using three tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery- Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional shift task (IED), and Spatial Span (SSP). Generalized linear models assessed the association between U-As and EF measures; models were adjusted for age, sex, maternal education, possessions score, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory score, season, and school clusters. Additional analyses were conducted to address issues of residual confounding and sample size. A "B-vitamin index" was calculated using principal component analysis. Effect modification by the index and urinary %MMA was assessed in strata split at the respective medians of these variables. RESULTS: The median (range) U-As and water arsenic levels were 9.9 µg/L (2.2, 47.7) and 0.45 µg/L (0.1, 18.9) respectively, indicating that exposure originated mainly from other sources. U-As was inversely associated with the number of stages completed (ß = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.002) and pre-executive shift errors (ß = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.02) of the IED task, and span length of the SSP task (ß = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.004). There was no clear pattern of effect modification by B-vitamin intake or urinary %MMA. CONCLUSION: Low-level arsenic exposure may adversely affect executive function among children but additional, including longitudinal, studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Arsênio , Arsenicais , Arsênio/análise , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Exposição Ambiental , Função Executiva , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , UruguaiRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Detoxification of inorganic arsenic (iAs) occurs when it methylates to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of urinary iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA indicate efficient methylation. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure is understudied. OBJECTIVES: Our study objective was to assess the association between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure (<50 µg/L in water; urinary arsenic 5-50 µg/L). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 290 â¼7-y-old children in Montevideo. Intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 was calculated by averaging 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Total urinary arsenic concentration was measured as the sum of urinary iAs, MMA, and DMA, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity; iAs methylation was measured as urinary percentage As, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA. Arsenic concentrations from household water sources were assessed. Linear regressions tested the relationships between individual energy-adjusted B-vitamins and iAs methylation. RESULTS: Median (range) arsenic concentrations in urine and water were 9.9 (2.2-48.7) and 0.45 (0.1-18.9) µg/L, respectively. The median (range) of urinary percentage iAs, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA was 10.6% (0.0-33.8), 9.7% (2.6-24.8), and 79.1% (58.5-95.4), respectively. The median (range) intake levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B-6 were 0.81 (0.19-2.56), 1.0 (0.30-2.24), 8.6 (3.5-23.3), and 0.67 (0.25-1.73) mg/1000 kcal, respectively, whereas those of folate and vitamin B-12 were 216 (75-466) and 1.7 (0.34-8.3) µg/1000 kcal, respectively. Vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA (ß = -1.60; 95% CI: -3.07, -0.15). No other statistically significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA, our findings suggest limited support for a relation between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children exposed to low-level arsenic.
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Arsênio/metabolismo , Dieta , Exposição Ambiental , Vitamina B 6/administração & dosagem , Arsênio/análise , Arsênio/urina , Arsenicais/urina , Ácido Cacodílico/urina , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Inativação Metabólica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metilação , Niacina/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Uruguai , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Água/químicaRESUMO
Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of infraorbital nerve (IoN) results in whisker pad mechanical allodynia in rats and activation glial cells contributing to the development of orofacial pain. Whisker pad mechanical allodynia (von Frey stimuli) was tested pre and postoperatively and conducted during the treatment time. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamins B complex (VBC) has been demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in ameliorate neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of PBM, VBC or the combined treatment VBC â+ âPBM on orofacial pain due to CCI-IoN. Behavioral and molecular approaches were used to analyses nociception, cellular and neurochemical alterations. CCI-IoN caused mechanical allodynia and cellular alterations including increased expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), administration of VBC (B1/B6/B12 at 180/180/1.8 âmg/kg, s.c., 5 times all long 10 sessions) and PBM therapy (904 ânm, power of 75Wpico, average power of 0.0434 âW, pulse frequency of 9500 âHz, area of the beam 0.13 âcm2, 18 âs duration, energy density 6 âJ/cm2, with an energy per point of 0.78 âJ for 10 sessions) or their combination presented improvement of the nociceptive behavior and decreased expression of GFAP and Iba-1. Additionally, CCI-IoN rats exhibited an upregulation of IL1ß, IL6 and TNF-α expression and all treatments prevented this upregulation and also increased IL10 expression. Overall, the present results highlight the pain reliever effect of VBC or PBM alone or in combination, through the modulation of glial cells and cytokines expression in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of rats.
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OBJECTIVES: Millions of children globally, including the U.S., are exposed to low levels of arsenic from water and food. Arsenic is a known neurotoxicant at high levels but its effects at lower exposure levels are understudied. Arsenic methylation capacity, influenced by B-vitamin intake and status, potentially influences arsenic toxicity. In a cross-secitonal study of 5-8 year-old children from Montevideo, we assessed the relationship between urinary arsenic (U-As) and academic achievement, and tested for effect modification by B-vitamin intake, status, and arsenic methylation capacity. METHODS: Broad math and reading scores were calculated based on six subtests (calculation, math facts fluency, applied problems, sentence reading fluency, letter word identification, passage comprehension) from the Woodcock-Muñoz Achievement Battery. B-vitamin intake was assessed from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls, serum folate and vitamin B-12 levels were measured in a subset of participants. Arsenic methylation capacity was measured as the proportion of urinary monomethylarsonic acid (%MMA). Multiple imputation using chained equations was conducted to account for missing covariate and exposure data. Ordinal regressions assessed associations between U-As and achievement score tertiles in the complete case and imputed samples. A "B-vitamin index" was calculated using principal component analysis. Interactions by urinary %MMA and the B-vitamin index were assessed. RESULTS: Median specific gravity adjusted U-As was 11.7⯵g/L (range: 2.6, 50.1). We found no association between U-As and broad math and reading scores, nor effect modification by %MMA or B-vitamins. CONCLUSION: At low-levels of exposure, U-As does not appear to affect children's academic achievement.
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Sucesso Acadêmico , Arsênio/metabolismo , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Complexo Vitamínico B/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metilação , UruguaiRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurotropic B vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes and beyond in the nervous system. Particularly vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) contribute essentially to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Their importance is highlighted by many neurological diseases related to deficiencies in one or more of these vitamins, but they can improve certain neurological conditions even without a (proven) deficiency. AIM: This review focuses on the most important biochemical mechanisms, how they are linked with neurological functions and what deficits arise from malfunctioning of these pathways. DISCUSSION: We discussed the main role of B Vitamins on several functions in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS) including cellular energetic processes, antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, and both myelin and neurotransmitter synthesis. We also provide an overview of possible biochemical synergies between thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin and discuss by which major roles each of them may contribute to the synergy and how these functions are inter-related and complement each other. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the current knowledge on the neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12, we conclude that a biochemical synergy becomes apparent in many different pathways in the nervous system, particularly in the PNS as exemplified by their combined use in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos do Sistema Nervoso , Piridoxina/fisiologia , Tiamina/fisiologia , Vitamina B 12/fisiologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/fisiologia , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiologia , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/fisiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supra-nutritional level of selected B vitamins in different types of diet on broiler performance. Two experiments were conducted using male and female one-day-old chicks (n=288 each; initial body weights in experiment I and II was, respectively, 47.57 ± 0.43, and 47.98 ± 0.31) reared in batteries up to 18 days. In experiment I, the chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and, in experiment II, a diet containing oxidized animal by-product meals and soybean oil was used. Both experiments followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of the factors: i) supplementation levels of selected B vitamins (control, 3- or 6-times control of the vitamins riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12); ii) dietary nutritional density (low or high), totaling 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 6 birds each (3 males and 3 females). As result of this study, in Exp. I, chicks showed higher weight gain (741.1 g vs. 697.3 g) and feed intake (920.2 vs. 878.5 g) when fed low-nutritional density diet with supra-nutritional vitamin level 6-times higher than the control. However, this effect was not found in the performance of chickens fed high-nutritional density diet. Despite the poor quality of the ingredients used in Exp. II, no statistical effect was shown of the use of vitamin super-dose in rations with different dietary nutrient density. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved for chickens fed high-nutritional density diet (1.191 vs. 1.246 in experiment I, 1.244 vs. 1.275 in experiment II, p 0.01). We conclude that birds fed a vegetable diet formulated with low-dietary density improved body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) when receiving supra-nutritional levels of vitamins 6-times higher than the control.
Assuntos
Animais , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/biossíntese , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supra-nutritional level of selected B vitamins in different types of diet on broiler performance. Two experiments were conducted using male and female one-day-old chicks (n=288 each; initial body weights in experiment I and II was, respectively, 47.57 ± 0.43, and 47.98 ± 0.31) reared in batteries up to 18 days. In experiment I, the chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and, in experiment II, a diet containing oxidized animal by-product meals and soybean oil was used. Both experiments followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of the factors: i) supplementation levels of selected B vitamins (control, 3- or 6-times control of the vitamins riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12); ii) dietary nutritional density (low or high), totaling 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 6 birds each (3 males and 3 females). As result of this study, in Exp. I, chicks showed higher weight gain (741.1 g vs. 697.3 g) and feed intake (920.2 vs. 878.5 g) when fed low-nutritional density diet with supra-nutritional vitamin level 6-times higher than the control. However, this effect was not found in the performance of chickens fed high-nutritional density diet. Despite the poor quality of the ingredients used in Exp. II, no statistical effect was shown of the use of vitamin super-dose in rations with different dietary nutrient density. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved for chickens fed high-nutritional density diet (1.191 vs. 1.246 in experiment I, 1.244 vs. 1.275 in experiment II, p 0.01). We conclude that birds fed a vegetable diet formulated with low-dietary density improved body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) when receiving supra-nutritional levels of vitamins 6-times higher than the control.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/análise , Complexo Vitamínico B/biossíntese , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
Vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate are essential for methylation reactions and possibly influence the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells (RBC). Associations between B-vitamin biomarkers and fatty acid (FA) profile were analyzed in Brazilian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 249 children and adolescents, aged 9-13 years old. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and the healthy eating index (HEI). Biomarkers for vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate were measured in plasma. The FA profile and the metabolites of one-carbon metabolism were measured in RBC. Associations were tested with multiple linear regression models. An increase of 1 nmol/L in vitamin B2 was associated with an increase of 0.19 mg/dL of EPA, 0.20 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.25 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. An increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma folate was associated with an increase of 0.14 mg/dL of EPA, 0.22 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.21 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. These findings highlight the importance of an adequate intake of vitamin B2 and folate in childhood, since they may improve the FA profile in RBCs and may help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/sangue , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Riboflavina/sangue , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Dieta Saudável , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Vitamina B 6/sangueRESUMO
Melatonin, a hormone secreted in cow milk, has beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin supplementation and nocturnal milking on the concentration of melatonin in cow milk. Twenty-one confined cows in the final period of lactation were used for the study and the supplemented vitamins were: rumen-protected B vitamins, A, D3, E, and niacin (B3) not protected from rumen degradation. The experimental period had a duration of 10 days. Milk samples were collected during the first two days, without supplementation of vitamins (WITHOUT), and during the final two days, eight days after the beginning of supplementation (WITH). Samples of milk produced without and with supplementation, milked at 05:00 h (NIGHT) or from the total milk produced in the two daily milkings (TOTAL), were analyzed. The concentration of melatonin was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the ELISA kit, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey´s test with 5% significance. Supplementation of the diet with vitamins (WITH) did not affect melatonin concentration in TOTAL milk, but it resulted in a concentration 40.55% lower in the NIGHT milk than in the milk from cows without (WITHOUT) supplementation (6.57 vs. 11.06 pg mL-1). Milk milked at night showed melatonin concentrations 1.43 to 2.38 times higher than daily TOTAL milk. The total milk of the herd showed a concentration of 2.13 pg mL-1. The differentiated collection of milk produced during the night period makes it possible to obtain milk with high levels of melatonin.
Melatonina é um hormônio secretado no leite e tem efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde humana. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação da dieta com vitaminas e da ordenha noturna sobre a concentração de melatonina no leite de vacas. Foram utilizadas 21 vacas confinadas, na fase final de lactação e as vitaminas suplementadas foram do complexo B, vitaminas A, D3 e E rúmen-protegidas, sendo a niacina (B3) não protegida da degradação ruminal. O período experimental teve duração de 10 dias, as amostras de leite foram coletadas nos dois primeiros dias, sem suplementação de vitaminas (SEM) e nos dois dias finais, oito dias após início da suplementação (COM). Foram analisadas amostras do leite produzido sem e com suplementação, nas ordenhas realizadas às 05:00 h (NOITE) e do leite total produzido nas duas ordenhas diárias (TOTAL). A concentração de melatonina foi determinada através de imunoensaio enzimático em kit de ELISA e os resultados analisados ANOVA e teste Tukey com 5% significância. A suplementação da dieta COM vitaminas não teve efeitos sobre a concentração de melatonina no leite TOTAL, porém, no leite da NOITE, resultou em concentração 40,55% menor que o leite de vacas SEM suplementação (6,57 vs 11,06 pg mL-1, respectivamente). O leite da ordenha da NOITE apresentou concentração de melatonina 1,43 a 2,38 vezes superior ao leite TOTAL diário. O leite total do rebanho apresentou concentração de 2,13 pg mL-1. A coleta diferenciada do leite produzido no período noturno possibilita a obtenção de leite com alta concentração de melatonina.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Lactente , Bovinos , Melatonina/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Substitutos do Leite Humano , Suplementos Nutricionais/análiseRESUMO
Melatonin, a hormone secreted in cow milk, has beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin supplementation and nocturnal milking on the concentration of melatonin in cow milk. Twenty-one confined cows in the final period of lactation were used for the study and the supplemented vitamins were: rumen-protected B vitamins, A, D3, E, and niacin (B3) not protected from rumen degradation. The experimental period had a duration of 10 days. Milk samples were collected during the first two days, without supplementation of vitamins (WITHOUT), and during the final two days, eight days after the beginning of supplementation (WITH). Samples of milk produced without and with supplementation, milked at 05:00 h (NIGHT) or from the total milk produced in the two daily milkings (TOTAL), were analyzed. The concentration of melatonin was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the ELISA kit, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey´s test with 5% significance. Supplementation of the diet with vitamins (WITH) did not affect melatonin concentration in TOTAL milk, but it resulted in a concentration 40.55% lower in the NIGHT milk than in the milk from cows without (WITHOUT) supplementation (6.57 vs. 11.06 pg mL-1). Milk milked at night showed melatonin concentrations 1.43 to 2.38 times higher than daily TOTAL milk. The total milk of the herd showed a concentration of 2.13 pg mL-1. The differentiated collection of milk produced during the night period makes it possible to obtain milk with high levels of melatonin.(AU)
Melatonina é um hormônio secretado no leite e tem efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde humana. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação da dieta com vitaminas e da ordenha noturna sobre a concentração de melatonina no leite de vacas. Foram utilizadas 21 vacas confinadas, na fase final de lactação e as vitaminas suplementadas foram do complexo B, vitaminas A, D3 e E rúmen-protegidas, sendo a niacina (B3) não protegida da degradação ruminal. O período experimental teve duração de 10 dias, as amostras de leite foram coletadas nos dois primeiros dias, sem suplementação de vitaminas (SEM) e nos dois dias finais, oito dias após início da suplementação (COM). Foram analisadas amostras do leite produzido sem e com suplementação, nas ordenhas realizadas às 05:00 h (NOITE) e do leite total produzido nas duas ordenhas diárias (TOTAL). A concentração de melatonina foi determinada através de imunoensaio enzimático em kit de ELISA e os resultados analisados ANOVA e teste Tukey com 5% significância. A suplementação da dieta COM vitaminas não teve efeitos sobre a concentração de melatonina no leite TOTAL, porém, no leite da NOITE, resultou em concentração 40,55% menor que o leite de vacas SEM suplementação (6,57 vs 11,06 pg mL-1, respectivamente). O leite da ordenha da NOITE apresentou concentração de melatonina 1,43 a 2,38 vezes superior ao leite TOTAL diário. O leite total do rebanho apresentou concentração de 2,13 pg mL-1. A coleta diferenciada do leite produzido no período noturno possibilita a obtenção de leite com alta concentração de melatonina.(AU)