RESUMO
PURPOSE: The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains controversial. This study aims to investigate if axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) could be safely omitted after a negative SLNB in cN1/2 patients who become cN0 after NAC. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed T1-4, cN1/2 patients who were submitted to NAC between 2010 and 2016. T1-T3 patients who achieved complete axillary clinical response underwent SLNB. Those whose SLNs were negative were not subjected to additional ALND. The oncological outcomes of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-nine T1-T3 patients (45.0%) achieved a complete axillary response (cN0), and were selected to undergo SLNB. SLNs were detected in 55 of them (93.2%). Seventeen of those patients (30.9%) had SLN metastases detected and subsequently underwent ALND. In contrast, 38 patients (69.1%) had no nodal metastases detected and were managed without complementary ALND. After a mean follow-up of 55.8 months, only one patient (2.6%) submitted to SLNB without a complementary ALND had axillary recurrence as compared with three patients (3.2%) in the ALND group (p = 0.71). Distant recurrence occurred more frequently among patients submitted to ALND (92.1%) than among those only submitted to SLNB (7.9%) (p < 0.0006). Overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly better in patients who were not submitted to ALND. CONCLUSION: SLNB could be successfully used in guiding a more selective axillary approach in cN+ patients that became cN0 after NAC. Omitting ALND in CN0 patients with negative SLNs did not seem to compromise disease control and oncological outcomes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Linfonodo Sentinela , Axila/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfonodo Sentinela/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo SentinelaRESUMO
Describir la técnica quirúrgica de la disección axilar dirigida (DAD) usando carbón vegetal como marcador del ganglio linfático axilar metastásico al momento del diagnóstico conjuntamente con la biopsia del ganglio centinela en paciente con cáncer de mama tratada con quimioterapia neoadyuvante con respuesta completa clínica y ecográficamente, demostrando su seguridad y eficacia. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Paciente con cáncer de mama y ganglio linfático metastásico en axila ipsilateral marcado con carbón vegetal al confirmarse ese diagnóstico y tratada con quimioterapia neoadyuvante con posterior negativización tanto clínica como ecográfica del ganglio linfático metastásico. Se planificó para disección axilar dirigida (extirpación del ganglio marcado con carbón vegetal y biopsia de ganglio centinela) con el fin de demostrar la eficacia del marcador utilizado y su relación o no con el ganglio centinela. Resultados: Se comprobó la identificación certera del ganglio afectado marcado con carbón vegetal el cual no presentó migración del colorante o reacción inflamatoria local coincidiendo además con dos ganglios centinelas todos con respuesta patológica completa. El carbón permaneció 153 días desde su administración hasta la cirugía axilar. Conclusión: Esta experiencia admite el marcaje con carbón vegetal del ganglio axilar metastásico al momento de su diagnóstico como un método seguro, sencillo, económico y accesible en relación a otros métodos de marcaje, además su asociación con la biopsia del ganglio centinela nos permite prescindir de la disección axilar en caso de respuesta patológica completa, sin embargo, es importante resaltar que se necesitan evaluar más casos para obtener conclusiones determinantes(AU)
To describe the surgical technique of targeted axillary dissection using charcoal marking of the metastatic lymph node at the time of diagnosis together with sentinel node biopsy in a breast cancer patient who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with complete clinical and sonographical response, demonstrating its safety and efficacy. Material and Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. Patient with breast cancer and metastatic lymph node in the ipsilateral axilla which was marked with charcoal upon confirmation of this diagnosis and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent clinical and sonographical negativization of the metastatic lymph node. It was planned for targeted axillary dissection (removal of charcoal-marked lymph node and sentinel node biopsy) in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the marker used and its relationship or not with the sentinel node. Results: The correct identification of the affected lymph node marked with charcoal was verified, which did not present dye migration or local inflammatory reaction, also coinciding with two sentinel nodes, all of them with a complete pathological response. The charcoal remained 153 days from its administration until the axillary surgery. Conclusion: This experience supports charcoal marking of the metastatic lymph node at the time of diagnosis as a safe, simple, inexpensive and accessible method in relation to other marking methods, in addition its association with sentinel node biopsy allows us to dispense with axillary dissection in case of complete pathological response, however it is important to highlight that more cases need to be evaluated to obtain decisive conclusions(AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Axila/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias da Mama , Carvão Vegetal , Tratamento Farmacológico , LinfonodosRESUMO
Introducción: el correcto estadiamiento clínico en el cáncer de mama contribuye al éxito de la terapéutica, debe basarse en pruebas válidas y seguras. Objetivo: determinar la validez y seguridad del estadiamiento clínico axilar del cáncer de mama. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 74 y 63 pacientes con carcinoma infiltrante de la mama y cirugía como primera opción terapéutica atendida en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana y el Centro Oncológico Territorial de Holguín en el primer semestre de 2010 y 2012. Se determinaron la validez y seguridad del estadiamiento clínico axilar empleado en ambos centros de conjunto y en cada uno de manera aislada, a través del cálculo de la sensibilidad, especificidad y sus índices de error complementarios: proporción de falsos positivos y de falsos negativos, así como los valores predictivos positivo y negativo como índices de seguridad. La prueba de oro fue el diagnóstico histopatológico. Resultados: en los tres casos, la sensibilidad superior al 54 porciento demostró una probabilidad de los métodos empleados para encontrar positividad axilar cuando había invasión metastásica y la especificidad mayor del 71 porciento expresó la capacidad del estadiamiento clínico axilar para clasificar clínicamente como negativas a las axilas no afectadas. Una axila clínicamente positiva fue dos veces más probable en un paciente con invasión axilar que en uno sin metástasis a este nivel. En los tres casos los valores predictivos positivos superaron el 61 porciento y los negativos el 73 porciento. Conclusiones: el estadiamiento clínico axilar en ambos centros fue una prueba válida y segura en pacientes con carcinoma infiltrante de la mama y cirugía como primera opción terapéutica(AU)
Introduction: The correct clinical staging of breast cancer contributes to the success of treatment and it must be based on valid and safe diagnostic tests. Objective: To determine the validity and safety of clinical axillary staging in breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective study of 74 and 63 patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma and surgery as first choice of treatment, who were attended to in the National Institute of Oncology at Havana city and in Oncologic Center of Holguín in the first semester of 2010 and 2012, respectively. The validity and the safety of clinical axillary staging used in both centers together and in each one in isolation were determined: in the first case, the calculation of sensitivity, specificity and complementary error rates were considered: proportion of false positives and false negatives to determine validity, and positive and negative predictive values taken as safety rates. The gold test was the histopathological diagnosis. Results: In the three cases, sensitivity over 54 percent demonstrated the probability of the used methods to detect positive axilla when there was metastatic invasion whereas specificity over 71 percent proved the capacity of clinical axillary staging to clinically classify the non-affected axillae as negative. A clinical positive axilla was twice more likely in a patient with axillary invasion than in another one without metastases at this level. In the three cases, the positive predictive values surpassed 61 percent and the negative ones exceeded 73 percent. Conclusions: the clinical axillary staging in both centers was a valid and safe diagnostic test in patients with infiltrating breast cancer and surgery as first choice of treatment(AU)