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Inulin is a polymer of d-fructose, characterized by the presence of a terminal glucose, and are a major component of Stevia rebaudiana roots. This type of polymer has nutritional properties and technological applications, such as fat substitutes in low-calorie foods and as the coating of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative method for inulin extraction, in terms of extraction time and yield, since the traditional method of extraction under reflux is both time and energy consuming. Using the response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design it was observed that the alternative extraction method using autoclave presented similar yields to the reflux-based method, but with a shorter extraction time, 121 °C by 17.41 min 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) analysis showed that inulin crude extract from S. rebaudiana roots obtained by autoclave extraction had a higher degree of polymerization when compared to those obtained by the traditional method. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed method using an autoclave is a faster alternative for the extraction of inulin.

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BACKGROUND: Extracted human teeth are used to simulate dental procedures and are essential for practical education and research studies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different sterilization methods for extracted human roots and to assess the effects of these methods on dentin microhardness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The crowns of 40 mandibular incisors were removed. The roots were sectioned at 10 mm and divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group): G1 - no sterilization (control); G2 - microwave radiation (650 W, 5 min); G3 - ethylene oxide (288°C, 3 h); and G4 - autoclave (121°C, 15 min). The roots were immersed in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37°C in variable oxygen atmospheres. After 14 days, the samples were assessed for turbidity. Three slices were obtained from each root, and indentations were made at 30, 60 and 120 µm from the root canal lumen. The microbiological data was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test. Microhardness was evaluated by means of the twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The roots submitted to autoclaving were 100% sterile, which differed from the other methods (p < 0.05); the control specimens had 0% sterility. For microhardness, significant differences were found between the methods, particularly for the apical third (68.06 ±12.50) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although all the evaluated techniques reduced dentin microhardness, autoclaving should be used as the most reliable method of sterilization of extracted dental roots.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the modification of red rice starch by a combination of hydrothermal pretreatments and α-amylase hydrolysis. In vitro digestibility and the morphological, structural, functional, thermal, textural and rheological properties of red rice starch were evaluated. The starch submitted to autoclave (A3) obtained the highest hydrolysis yield (37.66 %) after 300 min. The morphological analysis showed that for the native starch, the granules presented a polyhedral shape and increased in diameter (2.36-394.12 µm) due to hydrothermal pre-treatments. α-Amylase (9 U mg-1) from Aspergillus oryzae modified the structure of red rice starch, presenting technological properties different from native starch. X-ray diffraction (XDR) were altered after the starch granules were cooked, showing a rupture in the amylose and amylopectin molecules, which justifies the greater absorption capacity of oil and milk. Cohesiveness, adhesiveness and apparent viscosity decreased according to HPT temperature and pressure, as well as α-amylase action.

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of prototyped surgical guides after autoclave and 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty prototyped surgical guides were prepared and submitted to two sterilization processes (n = 10): Physics - sterilization by autoclave (saturated water vapor under pressure, temperature of 126 to 130 °C, pressure of 1,7 at 1.9 kgf/cm2, 16 min); Chemistry - sterilization by 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 h. Six pre-established points were measured in the prototyped surgical guides, before and after sterilization, using a digital caliper rule. The comparisons were made using orthogonal contrasts using the linear model of mixed effects (random and fixed). RESULTS: there are no significant differences between autoclave and glutaraldehyde 2% (p>0.05) there are significant differences after autoclave sterilization (p<0.05) and there are not significant differences after 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: autoclave promoted dimensional alteration of the prototyped surgical guides, and the chemical sterilization by glutaraldehyde 2% did not cause dimensional alteration of the prototype surgical guides, being a favorable choice for sterilization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: the sterilization of surgical guides can be performed through the chemical process with 2% glutaraldehyde without changing the linear precision of the prototype surgical guides.

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Water is considered one of the most important concerns in the world in terms of its use and maintenance as a universal good. Drinking water is considered when it poses no risk to health, is free of chemical and biological agents harmful to human and animal health, and is therefore fit for consumption. The supply of water in vivariums, whether for experimentation or production, may not present a water quality that is satisfactory for consumption, as the supply comes from the ater and sewage treatment system, which may still contain microorganisms and residues, such as iron, chlorine, heavy metals and even other organisms harmful to animal health. The vivariums have physical and chemical systems such as autoclaving, filtration, chlorination and acidification to contain the amount of waste and infectious agents in the water offered to the animals and the laboratory routine -LENA DE SÁ, et al. 2001-. Chemical processes require the need for regular tests to validate the water, ensuring quality for animal ingestion. Filtration, which is a physical method, manages to block undesirable substances through granulation -sand and carbon- and autoclave sterilization becomes more used. -KURTZ, et al. 2020-. In vivariums, whether for experimentation or creation, in addition to filtration, the autoclave becomes one of the indispensable items, as there is a requirement that the animals do not suffer external interference to the point of harming or altering the results of the experiments. NORMATIVA N.33 CONCEA, 2016. The present project aimed to compare water samples, offered to mice, which went through the filtration and autoclaved process, and to determine the parameters of the urine samples. The results of the water analysis were identical between both samples and the values of the reactive strip markers in the urine, showed results within the reference values, demonstrating that filtered water or autoclaved water is effective to maintain the health of the animals.

A água é considerada uma das mais importantes preocupações no mundo no que se refere ao uso à sua manutenção como um bem universal. Considera-se água potável quando ela não oferece nenhum risco à saúde, está livre de agentes químicos e biológicos nocivos à saúde humana e animal, estando assim, própria para consumo. A oferta de água em biotérios, seja ele de experimentação ou de produção, podem não apresentar a qualidade de água que seja satisfatória para o consumo, pois a oferta vem do sistema de tratamento de água e esgoto, que ainda podem conter microorganismos e resíduos, como ferro, cloro, metais pesados e até outros organismos nocivos à saúde animal. Os biotérios contam com sistemas físicos e químicos como autoclavação, filtração, cloração e acidificação para conter a quantidade de resíduos e agentes infecciosos na água ofertada aos animais e a rotina laboratorial (LENA DE SÁ, et al. 2001). Os processos químicos exigem a necessidade de testes regulares para a validação da água, garantindo a qualidade para ingestão animal. Já a filtração, que é um método físico, consegue barrar substâncias indesejáveis por meio de granulação -areia e carbono- e a esterilização por autoclave se tornam mais utilizados -KURTZ, et al. 2020-. Nos biotérios, sejam eles de experimentação ou criação, além da filtração, a autoclave torna-se um dos itens indispensáveis, pois há a exigência que os animais não sofram interferências externas a ponto de prejudicar ou alterar os resultados dos experimentos NORMATIVA N 33 CONCEA 2016. O presente projeto teve como objetivo comparar amostras de água, ofertadas para camundongos, que passaram pelo processo de filtração e autoclavada, e determinar os parâmetros das amostras de urina. Os resultados da análise de água foram idênticos entre ambas as amostras e os valores dos marcadores de fita reativa na urina, mostraram resultados dentro dos valores de referência, demonstrando que água filtrada ou a água autoclavada são eficazes para manter a saúde dos animais.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The most currently recommended method for sterilization of orthodontic pliers is the autoclave, while peracetic acid has also been shown to be effective in the chemical sterilization process. Objective: This study sought to compare the corrosive effects of peracetic acid and autoclave sterilization process of orthodontic pliers. Methods: Four active tungsten carbide (WC) stainless steel tie-cutting pliers from the manufacturers Quinelato (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) and ICE (Cajamar, SP, Brazil) were selected. The active ends of the pliers were sectioned, and six active tips were obtained and distributed into the following groups: 1) control group (no sterilization); 2) AC group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 autoclave sterilization cycles); and 3) AP group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 cycles of sterilization by immersion in 2% peracetic acid solution for 30 minutes). Results: Chemical analysis using X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy showed that after autoclave sterilization, only the ICE pliers presented oxidation corrosion (Δ[O] = +24.5%; Δ[Fe] = +5.8%; Δ[WC] = -1.9%). In comparison, following peracetic acid sterilization, both manufacturers ICE (Δ[O] = +1.8%; Δ[Fe] = +18.0%; Δ[WC] = -1.1%) and Quinelato (Δ[O] = +5.3%; Δ[Fe] = -10.4%; Δ[WC] = -15.2%) showed corrosion. The morphological analysis revealed that peracetic acid caused a pitting and localized corrosion in both brands, while the autoclave caused uniform surface corrosion on the ICE pliers. Conclusion: Autoclave application was the sterilization method that generated less corrosive damage to the orthodontic cutting pliers, when compared to the immersion in 2% peracetic acid.

RESUMO Introdução: O método mais recomendado para a esterilização dos alicates ortodônticos é a autoclave; porém, o ácido peracético mostrou-se eficaz no processo de esterilização química. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito corrosivo do ácido peracético e da autoclave no processo de esterilização de alicates ortodônticos. Métodos: Foram selecionados quatro alicates de corte de amarrilho de aço inoxidável, com ponta ativa de carboneto de tungstênio (WC), das marcas Quinelato (Rio Claro/SP, Brasil) e ICE (Cajamar/SP, Brasil), que foram distribuídos em três grupos: 1) Controle (C), o qual não foi submetido à esterilização; 2) Grupo AC, constituído por duas pontas ativas de alicates submetidas a 100 ciclos de esterilização em autoclave; e 3) Grupo AP, formado por duas pontas ativas de alicates submetidas a 100 ciclos de esterilização por imersão em solução de ácido peracético a 2% durante 30 minutos. Resultados: Por meio da análise química (EDS, energia dispersiva de raios X), constatou-se que, após esterilização em autoclave, somente o alicate ICE apresentou corrosão por oxidação (Δ[O] = +24,5%; Δ[Fe] = +5,8% e Δ[WC] = -1,9%), enquanto na esterilização em ácido peracético, ambas as marcas, ICE (Δ[O] = +1,8%; Δ[Fe] = +18,0% e Δ[WC] = -1,1%) e Quinelato (Δ[O] = +5,3%; Δ[Fe] = -10,4% e Δ[WC] = -15,2%), apresentaram corrosão. A análise morfológica demonstrou que o ácido peracético causou uma corrosão localizada em pite em ambas as marcas, enquanto a autoclave ocasionou uma corrosão superficial uniforme no alicate ICE. Conclusão: A autoclave foi o método de esterilização que gerou menor dano corrosivo aos alicates ortodônticos, em comparação à imersão em ácido peracético a 2%.

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Objective: The present study was oriented to estimate the effect of different surface treatments on the microleakage between the soft liner and acrylic with and without the use of autoclave as disinfection method. Material and Methods: Sixty samples were split into two groups: the autoclaved groups and non-autoclaved groups. Each one subdivided into three groups: first one without any treatments as a control group; in the second group surface of the samples were treated with CO2 laser (10.6 nm wavelength for 15 seconds), and in the third group the surface was treated with sandblasting (250 µm Al2O3). All the samples exposed to thermocycling, then the microleakage test was evaluated by gauging dye penetration depth between the soft liner and acrylic disc using a digital microscope. Data analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. In addition, t-test was used for comparison between two groups (P-value ≤ 0.05). Results: The maximum mean values for the microleakage were observed in the untreated group (control) followed by the group treated by CO2 laser and the lowest mean value of microleakage was related to the third group for both non-autoclaved and autoclaved groups with significant differences among them. In addition, depending on the use of autoclave, there was non-significant in all studied groups. Conclusions: There was a decrease in the microleakage when the surface treated with CO2laser and sandblast. The use of autoclave did not badly change the microleakage between the soft liner and denture base. (AU)

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na microinfiltração entre o soft liner e o acrílico usando ou não a autoclve como método de desinfecção. Material e Métodos: Sessenta amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo com uso da autoclave e grupo sem uso da autoclave. Cada um subdivide em três grupos: o primeiro sem nenhum tratamento como grupo controle; no segundo grupo, a superfície das amostras foi tratada com laser de CO2 (comprimento de onda de 10,6 nm por 15 segundos) e, no terceiro grupo, a superfície foi tratada com jateamento (250 µm Al2O3). Todas as amostras foram expostas à termociclagem, em seguida o teste de microinfiltração foi realizado medindo-se a profundidade de penetração do corante entre o soft liner e o disco de acrílico em microscópio digital. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por One-way ANOVA e testes post-hoc de Tukey. Além disso, o teste t foi usado para comparação entre dois grupos (P-valor ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os valores médios máximos de microinfiltração foram observados no grupo não tratado (controle) seguido pelo grupo tratado com laser de CO2 e o valor médio mínimo de microinfiltração foi relacionado ao terceiro grupo para ambos os grupos não autoclavado e autoclavado com diferenças significativas entre eles. Além disso, dependendo do uso de autoclave, não houve significância em todos os grupos estudados. Conclusão: Houve diminuição da microinfiltração quando a superfície foi tratada com laser de CO2e jateamento. O uso de autoclave não alterou a microinfiltração entre o soft liner e a base da prótese (AU)

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OBJECTIVES: This systematic review evaluated the influence of autoclave sterilization procedures on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search without restrictions was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Open Grey. The hand search was also performed in the main endodontic journals. The eligible studies were submitted to the methodological assessment and data extraction. RESULTS: From 203 abstracts, a total of 10 articles matched the eligible criteria. After reading the full articles, 2 were excluded because of the absence of the heat-treated instruments in the experimental design and 3 due to the lack of a control group using heat-treated instruments without autoclave sterilization. From the 5 included studies, 1 presented a low risk of bias, 3 presented moderate and 1 high risk. It was observed heterogeneous findings in the included studies, with autoclave sterilization cycles increasing, decreasing or not affecting the cyclic fatigue life of heat-treated NiTi instruments. However, the retrieved studies evaluating the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic instruments presented different protocols and assessing outcomes, this variability makes the findings less comparable within and also between groups and preclude the establishment of an unbiased scientific evidence base. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the little scientific evidence and considerable risk of bias, it is still possible to conclude that autoclave sterilization procedures appear to influence the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated NiTi instruments.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) of experimental dentin posts (EDPs) obtained from human and bovine teeth sterilized by autoclaving and gamma radiation. Eighty-four mandibulary premolars were obturated and divided into three post groups: the glass fiber group (Fb) human EDP group (Hm) and the bovine EDP group (Bv). Three subgroups (n=12) were obtained for each EDP groups according to the sterilization methods; no sterilization (Cnt), steam autoclaving (Aut), and gamma radiation (Rad) a total dose of 25 kGy. All posts were cemented to root canals using a dual cured resin cement (Panavia SA). After the micro slices (1mm in thickness) were obtained of each subgroup, PBS test was performed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests (α=.05). The post type and sterilization method was significantly effective on the PBS values according to the ANOVA (P<.001). No sterilization apllied EDP groups showed significantly higher PBS values than the sterilized groups (P<.001). Bv_Cnt (9.42 ±1.31) showed significantly lower PBS values than both Fb (12.36 ±1.54) and Hm_Cnt (11.06 ±1.38) groups (P<.001). Both steam autoclaving and gamma radiation affect the PBS values and fracture modes of EDPs negatively. The bovine EDPs are not as effective as human EDPs with regard to the PBS to the root dentin.

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio preliminar es evaluar el push-out bond strength de los postes de dentina experimentales (PDE) obtenidos de dientes humanos y bovinos esterilizados por autoclave y radiación gamma. Ochenta y cuatro premolares mandibulares fueron obturadores y se dividieron en tres grupos experimentales de postes: el grupo de fibra de vidrio (Fb) grupo PDE humano (Hm) y el grupo PDE bovino (Bv). Se obtuvieron tres subgrupos (n=12) para cada grupo de PDE según los métodos de esterilización; sin esterilización (Cnt), autoclave a vapor (Aut) y radiación gamma (Rad) con una dosis total de 25 kGy. Todos los postes se cementaron a los conductos radiculares utilizando un cemento de resina de curado doble (Panavia SA). Después de que se obtuvieron las micro rebanadas (1 mm de espesor) de cada subgrupo, se realizó una prueba de push-out bond strength. Los datos se analizaron utilizando ANOVA de dos vías y las pruebas de comparación múltiple de Tukey (α=.05). El tipo de poste y el método de esterilización fueron significativamente efectivos en los valores de push-out bond strength según el ANOVA (P <.001). Los grupos de PDE no aplicados a la esterilización mostraron valores de push-out bond strength significativamente mayores que los grupos esterilizados (p <0,001). Bv_Cnt (9.42 ±1.31) mostró valores de push-out bond strength significativamente más bajos que los grupos Fb (12.36 ±1.54) y Hm_Cnt (11.06 ±1.38) (P <.001). Tanto el autoclave al vapor como la radiación gamma afectan negativamente los valores de push-out bond strength y los modos de fractura de los PDE. Los PDE bovinos no son tan efectivos como los PDE humanos con respecto a la fuerza de adhesión a la dentina de la raíz.

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CONTEXT: The aim was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of different diamond burs after successive cuts and repeated sterilization in an autoclave. The morphology and grit sizes were analyzed and correlated to cutting efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten medium-grit diamond burs of five different manufacturers were investigated (KG, KG Sorensen; TH, Tri-Hawk; KM, Komet; HC, Heico; and FD, Frank Dental). Changes in the cutting efficiency of diamond burs on composite resin blocks were measured after five repeated cuts and after five sterilization cycles. Grit sizes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and correlated to cutting efficiency. The data were statistically analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed for diamond burs (P < 0.0001) and condition (P < 0.0001). FD presented the lowest mean cut time (21.88s), followed by KM (36.08s). TH (40.18s), HC (41.65s), and KG (42.23s) had the highest cut times. The number of cuts was not statistically significant. New burs had a significantly shorter cutting time (33.38s) when compared with the ones after sterilization cycles (39.55s). A moderate to strong positive correlation was found between diamond size and cutting time (Pearson's coefficient of 0.77). CONCLUSION: All diamond burs demonstrated lower cutting efficiency after repeated autoclaving. Cutting efficiency did not decrease as the number of cuts increased.

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BACKGROUND: Biologic indicator tests (BIs) are considered the most meaningful way to verify sterilization. OBJECTIVE: To monitor the cycles of sterilization using BIs in dry heat sterilizers and steam autoclaves and to identify the causes of failures in the cycles of sterilization in dental offices in San Luis Potosí, México. METHODS: An invitation to participate was sent to 400 dental offices, and 206 practitioners of 200 dental offices were included. A questionnaire was given to each of the participants, asking for the following information: sterilizer type, operational parameters used (eg, temperature, pressure, and length of exposure), frequency of sterilization cycles per day, use of BIs, and maintenance procedures of the sterilizer. Two hundred thirty sterilizers were monitored using BIs. The sterilizers with positive results were monitored a second and third time to identify the cause of the failure. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of practitioners (n = 46) used BIs, and 17% (n = 39) of the sterilizers reported positive results (bacterial growth). The detected failures were a mistake in the procedure (eg, temperature, time, or pressure), an absence of supervision of the procedure performed by the assistant, and improper maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: There are opportunities to increase information on infection control, to improve the adoption of standard quality control methods for sterilization as a routine process, to improve training on proper testing, and standardize processes.

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O objetivo do estudo foi comparar equipamentos e tecidos alternativos na determinação de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), com o método convencional. Foram utilizados dois tecidos, sendo o nylon (50 μm) e TNT (100g/m²), e dois equipamentos (digestor de fibra e autoclave) para determinação dos teores de FDN e FDA, comparado com o convencional. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e 10 repetições. O teor de FDN obtido utilizando o tecido de TNT, nos dois equipamentos avaliados, diferiu dos valores verificados pelo método convencional (P0,01), indicando ser uma possível alternativa ao método convencional. Não houve diferença (P>0,01) entre os métodos alternativos de análise de FDN. Na análise dos teores de FDA não foi observado similaridade nos valores obtidos com os equipamentos e tecidos avaliados (P0,01), podendo ser indicado como alternativo prático para análises de FDA. O teor de FDN independente do equipamento utilizado, e o teor de FDA obtido no equipamento digestor de fibra, ambos com o tecido nylon, são semelhantes ao método convencional...

The objective of this study was to compare alternative devices and tissues for the determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the conventional method. Two tissues, nylon (50 μm) and TNT (100 g/m²), and two devices (fiber digester and autoclave) were used for the determination of NDF and ADF content compared to the conventional method. A completely randomized experimental design, which consisted of five treatments and 10 repetitions, was used. The NDF content obtained with TNT in the two devices differed from that obtained with the conventional method (P0.01), indicating this combination as a possible alternative to the conventional method. There was no difference (P>0.01) between the alternative methods for the analysis of NDF. The content of ADF differed between the devices and tissues evaluated (P0.01) and may be indicated as a practical alternative for the analysis of ADF. The NDF content obtained with nylon tissue, irrespective of the equipment used, and the ADF content obtained with nylon tissue in the fiber digester were similar to the conventional method...

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O objetivo do estudo foi comparar equipamentos e tecidos alternativos na determinação de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), com o método convencional. Foram utilizados dois tecidos, sendo o nylon (50 μm) e TNT (100g/m²), e dois equipamentos (digestor de fibra e autoclave) para determinação dos teores de FDN e FDA, comparado com o convencional. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e 10 repetições. O teor de FDN obtido utilizando o tecido de TNT, nos dois equipamentos avaliados, diferiu dos valores verificados pelo método convencional (P<0,01). Entretanto, o uso do tecido nylon nos equipamentos autoclave e digestor de fibra foi semelhante (P>0,01), indicando ser uma possível alternativa ao método convencional. Não houve diferença (P>0,01) entre os métodos alternativos de análise de FDN. Na análise dos teores de FDA não foi observado similaridade nos valores obtidos com os equipamentos e tecidos avaliados (P<0,01). No entanto, os valores obtidos com o tecido nylon no equipamento digestor de fibra foram semelhantes ao método convencional (P>0,01), podendo ser indicado como alternativo prático para análises de FDA. O teor de FDN independente do equipamento utilizado, e o teor de FDA obtido no equipamento digestor de fibra, ambos com o tecido nylon, são semelhantes ao método convencional...(AU)

The objective of this study was to compare alternative devices and tissues for the determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the conventional method. Two tissues, nylon (50 μm) and TNT (100 g/m²), and two devices (fiber digester and autoclave) were used for the determination of NDF and ADF content compared to the conventional method. A completely randomized experimental design, which consisted of five treatments and 10 repetitions, was used. The NDF content obtained with TNT in the two devices differed from that obtained with the conventional method (P<0.01). However, the use of nylon in the autoclave and fiber digester provided similar values (P>0.01), indicating this combination as a possible alternative to the conventional method. There was no difference (P>0.01) between the alternative methods for the analysis of NDF. The content of ADF differed between the devices and tissues evaluated (P<0.01). However, the use of nylon tissue in the fiber digester provided values similar to the conventional method (P>0.01) and may be indicated as a practical alternative for the analysis of ADF. The NDF content obtained with nylon tissue, irrespective of the equipment used, and the ADF content obtained with nylon tissue in the fiber digester were similar to the conventional method...(AU)

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A limpeza, desinfecção, esterilização e acondicionamento dos materiais cirúrgicos são considerados fatores importantes para o controlo de infecção hospitalar. A abraçadeira autoestática de náilon é um dispositivo projetado para a sua utilização em instalações electrohidráulicas. São fabricados em poliamida e resistentes ao desgaste e aos produtos químicos. Recentemente, este material tem sido utilizado em várias intervenções cirúrgicas na medicina veterinária e na medicina humana. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos diferentes métodos de antissepsia e esterilização da abraçadeira autoestática de náilon. Foram definidos quatro grupos das abraçadeiras: Grupo I (grupo controlo positivo) não foi submetido a qualquer método de antissepsia e/ou esterilização; Grupo II foi submetido à esterilização na autoclave; Grupo III submetida à antissepsia no forno de micro-ondas; Grupo IV submetido ao amônio quaternário. Concluiu-se que a esterilização das abraçadeiras autoestáticas de náilon utilizando a autoclave a uma temperatura de 121ºC, durante 15 minutos, e o forno micro-ondas com 100 mL de água posicionada no centro do prato giratório na potência máxima (608,52 watts), durante 10 minutos, foram eficazes na esterilização e antissepsia das abraçadeiras de náilon. Paralelamente, a emersão das abraçadeiras em amônio quaternário na diluição de 4:1, durante 30 minutos, foi eficaz no processo de antissepsia. (AU)

Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and packing surgical materials are considered important factors for hospital infection control. Nylon ties are devices design for using in electrohydraulic facilities. They are made from polyamide, resistant to wear and chemical agents. Recently, this material has been used in varied surgical interventions, in veterinary medicine and human medicine. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of antisepsis and sterilization of nylon ties. Was delineate four nylon ties groups. The Group I (control group) wasn´t submitted to any antisepsis and/or sterilization. The group II was submitted to sterilization by autoclave, the Group III and Group IV were submitted to antisepsis by microwave oven and quaternary ammonium, respectively. Was conclude that the nylon ties sterilization with autoclave at 121 oC temperature for fifteen minutes and the microwave oven with 100 mL of water positioned at the center of the revolving plate with a maximum power (608.52 watts) during ten minutes were effective in sterilization and antisepsis of nylon ties. In other hand, the emersion of nylon ties in quaternary ammonium solution with 4:1 dilution, for thirteen minutes, was effective for antisepsis. (AU)

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A limpeza, desinfecção, esterilização e acondicionamento dos materiais cirúrgicos são considerados fatores importantes para o controlo de infecção hospitalar. A abraçadeira autoestática de náilon é um dispositivo projetado para a sua utilização em instalações electrohidráulicas. São fabricados em poliamida e resistentes ao desgaste e aos produtos químicos. Recentemente, este material tem sido utilizado em várias intervenções cirúrgicas na medicina veterinária e na medicina humana. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos diferentes métodos de antissepsia e esterilização da abraçadeira autoestática de náilon. Foram definidos quatro grupos das abraçadeiras: Grupo I (grupo controlo positivo) não foi submetido a qualquer método de antissepsia e/ou esterilização; Grupo II foi submetido à esterilização na autoclave; Grupo III submetida à antissepsia no forno de micro-ondas; Grupo IV submetido ao amônio quaternário. Concluiu-se que a esterilização das abraçadeiras autoestáticas de náilon utilizando a autoclave a uma temperatura de 121ºC, durante 15 minutos, e o forno micro-ondas com 100 mL de água posicionada no centro do prato giratório na potência máxima (608,52 watts), durante 10 minutos, foram eficazes na esterilização e antissepsia das abraçadeiras de náilon. Paralelamente, a emersão das abraçadeiras em amônio quaternário na diluição de 4:1, durante 30 minutos, foi eficaz no processo de antissepsia.

Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and packing surgical materials are considered important factors for hospital infection control. Nylon ties are devices design for using in electrohydraulic facilities. They are made from polyamide, resistant to wear and chemical agents. Recently, this material has been used in varied surgical interventions, in veterinary medicine and human medicine. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of antisepsis and sterilization of nylon ties. Was delineate four nylon ties groups. The Group I (control group) wasn´t submitted to any antisepsis and/or sterilization. The group II was submitted to sterilization by autoclave, the Group III and Group IV were submitted to antisepsis by microwave oven and quaternary ammonium, respectively. Was conclude that the nylon ties sterilization with autoclave at 121 oC temperature for fifteen minutes and the microwave oven with 100 mL of water positioned at the center of the revolving plate with a maximum power (608.52 watts) during ten minutes were effective in sterilization and antisepsis of nylon ties. In other hand, the emersion of nylon ties in quaternary ammonium solution with 4:1 dilution, for thirteen minutes, was effective for antisepsis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Minas Gerais com o objetivo de validar o processo de descontaminação de resíduos infectantes do subgrupo A1 e identificar possíveis falhas no procedimento preliminar à sua disposição final. Foram avaliados tanto a descontaminação dos resíduos totalmente descartáveis acondicionados em sacos plásticos termorresistentes quanto o processo de descontaminação dos resíduos reutilizáveis provenientes do Laboratório de Tuberculose, acondicionados em caixas metálicas. Enquanto os resultados obtidos no primeiro estudo indicaram uma deficiência considerável no tratamento dos resíduos, no segundo caso a eficácia foi comprovada. Medidas preventivas e corretivas foram propostas e adotadas como consequência deste trabalho, e são aqui descritas.

Laboratory studies were performed at the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Minas Gerais in order to validate the process of infectious waste decontamination (subgroup A1) from the public health service and identify possible flaws in the procedure preliminary to its final disposal. We evaluated both the decontamination of disposable waste packed in thermo-resistant plastic bags as well and the decontamination process of reusable waste from the Tuberculosis Laboratory packed in metallic boxes. The results of the first study indicated a significant deficiency in waste treatment, while in the second case efficacy was demonstrated. Preventive and corrective measures were proposed and adopted as a result of this work and are described herein.

RESUMO

Neste artigo foram delineados os procedimentos que devem ser observados desde a instalação de uma autoclave até a liberação do material esterilizado. Como todo procedimento estabelecido com o objetivo de implantar excelência dos resultados, a esterilização por vapor úmido sob pressão realizada em uma autoclave deve ter todos os parâmetros de funcionamento analisados e documentos. Assim, um roteiro embasado na literatura disponível nas bases de dados, aliado a nossa experiência de mais de 40 anos implantando Boas Práticas de Laboratório (GLP Good Laboratory Practices), foi delineado, prevendo desdea qualificação da instalação do equipamento, a qualificação operacional compreendendo: remoção do ar no interior da câmara, qualidade do vapor, distribuição do calor no interior da câmara, instrumentos de validação, indicadores de esterilização, documentação, liberação do produto, frequência de requalificação e a manutenção da higiene da autoclave.(AU)

In this article was outlined the procedures to be observed from the installation of an autoclave until the release of the sterilization material. Like anuy procedure established in order to deploy excellent results, sterilization by moist steam pressure carried out in an auticlave must have all operating parameters GLP - Good Laboratory Practices was design . It provides from the equipment installation qualification to the operational qualification and comprises the following itens: removing air inside the chamber, steam quality, hear distribution within the chamver, validation tools, sterilization indicators, information, the product delivery, frequency of rehabilitation and maintanance of hygiene of the autoclave.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neste artigo foram delineados os procedimentos que devem ser observados desde a instalação de uma autoclave até a liberação do material esterilizado. Como todo procedimento estabelecido com o objetivo de implantar excelência dos resultados, a esterilização por vapor úmido sob pressão realizada em uma autoclave deve ter todos os parâmetros de funcionamento analisados e documentos. Assim, um roteiro embasado na literatura disponível nas bases de dados, aliado a nossa experiência de mais de 40 anos implantando Boas Práticas de Laboratório (GLP Good Laboratory Practices), foi delineado, prevendo desdea qualificação da instalação do equipamento, a qualificação operacional compreendendo: remoção do ar no interior da câmara, qualidade do vapor, distribuição do calor no interior da câmara, instrumentos de validação, indicadores de esterilização, documentação, liberação do produto, frequência de requalificação e a manutenção da higiene da autoclave.

In this article was outlined the procedures to be observed from the installation of an autoclave until the release of the sterilization material. Like anuy procedure established in order to deploy excellent results, sterilization by moist steam pressure carried out in an auticlave must have all operating parameters GLP - Good Laboratory Practices was design . It provides from the equipment installation qualification to the operational qualification and comprises the following itens: removing air inside the chamber, steam quality, hear distribution within the chamver, validation tools, sterilization indicators, information, the product delivery, frequency of rehabilitation and maintanance of hygiene of the autoclave.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de esterilização em autoclaves de consultórios odontológicos, mediante o emprego de indicadores biológicos, assim como, através de questionário, conhecer a prática clínica do processamento do instrumental contaminado. Foram introduzidos em 40 autoclaves, juntamente como instrumental, três indicadores biológicos (próximo ao filtro, no centro e junto à porta). Após, os indicadores (testes e controle) foram incubados por 48 horas, para aferição do meio de cultura. Os indicadores-teste apresentaram mudança da cor do meio de cultura de roxo para amarelo em 14 (35%) das autoclaves, indicando ausência de esterilização. A maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs) associa ao calor úmido, outros métodos de esterilização, como o químico e o calor seco. Nenhum cirurgião-dentista emprega rotineiramente o monitoramento biológico em seu consultório. Dos 31 cirurgiões-dentistas (77,5%) que empregam o controle físico e/ou químico da esterilização, apenas 74,2% dos mesmos, o fazem a cada ciclo. A grande maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas (75%) emprega o envelope para o empacotamento do instrumental. No entanto, 77,5% dos mesmos não escrevem na embalagem a data da esterilização. Concluiu-se que 35% das autoclaves analisadas não estão realizando o processo de esterilização do instrumental e que algumas falhas durante o processamento do instrumental contaminado ainda existem e deveriam ser corrigidas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of autoclave sterilization at dental offices by means of biological indicators and questionnaires, as well as to know the clinical practice of processing the contaminated instruments. Three biological indicators (close to the filter, at the center and close to the door) were introduced into 40 autoclaves along with instruments. Next, indicators (test and control) were incubated for 48 hours in order to check the culture medium. The test-indicators had a change in the color of the culture medium from purple to yellow in 14 (35%) of autoclaves. Most dental surgeons (DS) associate other sterilization methods, such as chemical and dry heat, with damp heat. No Dental Surgeon routinely use biological monitoring at their offices. From the 31 Dental Surgeons (77.5%) who use physical and/or chemical control of sterilization, only 74.2% do it every cycle. The great majority of DS (75%) use the envelope for packing instruments. However, 77.5% of them do not write the sterilization date on the package. It was concluded that 35% of the analyzed autoclaves did not perform the instrument sterilization process and that some flaws during processing of the contaminated instruments still occur and should be corrected.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in endodontic files after in vitro contamination with E. coli LPS and sterilization in dry heat or wet heat, with or without previous immersion in a Ca(OH)2 suspension. LPS was quantified using the Kinetic QCL TM test and data were analyzed statistically by the t-test. LPS was quantified only in the contaminated group, not submitted to any immersion or sterilization procedure (0.262±0.1296 endotoxin units/mL) (p=0.0003). In conclusion, both wet heat and dry heat sterilization were effective in inactivating LPS without the need of previous immersion of the files in a Ca(OH)2 suspension.

Este estudo avaliou a presença de endotoxina (LPS) em limas endodônticas após contaminação in vitro com LPS de E. coli e esterilização em autoclave ou forno de Pasteur, com ou sem imersão prévia em suspensão de hidróxido de cálcio. A quantificação do LPS foi efetuada pelo teste Kinetic QCL TM, e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística (teste t). LPS foi quantificado apenas no grupo contaminado e não submetido a nenhum procedimento de imersão ou esterilização (0,262±0,1296 unidades de endotoxina/mL) (p=0,0003). Concluiu-se que a esterilização das limas em autoclave ou forno de Pasteur foi eficaz na inativação do LPS, não sendo necessária a sua imersão prévia em suspensão de hidróxido de cálcio.