RESUMO
AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were assessed in female Mexican migrant laborers. Thirty-two women were administered a modified version of the Hispanic Condom Questionnaire. Respondents were knowledgeable about the major modes of HIV transmission, but one-third to one-half of the women believed that they could contract AIDS from unlikely casual sources. Although respondents reported few negative beliefs about condom use, actual condom use with sex partners was low and knowledge of proper condom use was problematic. Consequently, 75 percent reported never carrying condoms. Implications of these findings for future research and provision of services for female Mexican migrants are discussed.
PIP: According to US Department of Health and Human Services data for 1990, there are approximately 4.1 million migrant workers in the US, mainly of Mexican background. Half of all Mexican immigrants over the past 2 decades have been women. Findings are presented from a December 1992 assessment of AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among a sample of female Mexican migrant laborers in Jalisco, Mexico, a small agricultural sending community 210 km from Guadalajara. The 32 women administered a modified version of the Hispanic Condom Questionnaire were of mean age 34.2 years and had lived and worked in the US since 1982. Women currently living in the US were visiting Jalisco for the Christmas holiday. Although the surveyed women were knowledgeable about the major modes of HIV transmission, 33-50% believed that they could contract AIDS from unlikely casual sources. Respondents reported few negative beliefs about condom use, but actual condom use with sex partners was low and knowledge of proper condom use was inadequate. 42% reported ever using a condom and 75% reported almost never carrying condoms. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to future research and the provision of services to female Mexican migrants.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Preservativos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Migrantes , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Serviço Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PIP: Many doctors believe that the maternity services they provide are the key to achieving safe motherhood. With emergency facilities immediately available, they know that a complicated delivery is far less likely to result in maternal death. Most medical experts therefore tend to assume that more maternity beds means less maternal mortality. That assumption, however, may not be valid. Many women in Africa and elsewhere choose not to use available maternity facilities because they dislike the services provided by hospital physicians. Examples of women's aversion to hospital delivery are briefly presented from Guinea Bissau, the Philippines, and Ecuador. Women may not want to be attended by a male physician, have fear of being asked to give birth lying down rather than in a squatting position, and/or wish to avoid the rude and callous treatment received in hospital. Anthropology researchers working in Bolivia recommended regular discussion sessions between mothers-to-be and the hospital and health service staff to help make hospital services more acceptable to pregnant women without adversely affecting the quality of medical care.^ieng
Assuntos
Atitude , Atenção à Saúde , Parto Obstétrico , Hospitais , Relações Médico-Paciente , Médicos , Gravidez , África , África Subsaariana , África Ocidental , América , Ásia , Sudeste Asiático , Comportamento , Bolívia , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Equador , Guiné-Bissau , Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Relações Interpessoais , América Latina , Filipinas , População , Características da População , Resultado da Gravidez , Psicologia , Reprodução , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project's Women's Initiative, together with the US Agency for International Development, supported a study of the use of female condoms. 96 women in 10 focus groups in Nairobi and Sao Paulo participated in a discussion group about their experiences with the female condom designed to determine how the female condom affects women's ability to negotiate safer sex and to identify reasons for continued use and nonuse of the device. The study design allowed participants to help each other devise strategies for negotiating the use of the female condom with their partners and to sustain that use through peer support. Most of the women reported that use of the condom gave them the courage to discuss sex with their husbands and boyfriends. They remained, however, wary about occasionally denying their partners sexual intercourse. The study's design, women's networks, and men's perspective on the female condom are discussed. 55 men in six focus groups reported preferring the female condom over the tight and uncomfortable male condom, and planned to use them if made available.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Atitude , Preservativos Femininos , Infecções por HIV , Relações Interpessoais , Grupo Associado , África , África Subsaariana , África Oriental , América , Comportamento , Brasil , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Quênia , América Latina , Psicologia , América do Sul , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: According to qualitative research, Salvadoreans are ambivalent about the use of contraceptives. Since complete responsibility for management of the CSM project was accepted by the Association Demografica Salvadorena (ADS), the agency which operates the contraceptive social marketing project in El Salvador, in November 1980, the need for decisions in such areas as product price increases, introduction of new condom brands, promotion of the vaginal foaming tablet, and assessment of product sales performance had arisen. The ICSMP funded market research, completed during 1983, was intended to provide the data on which such decisions by ADS could be based. The qualitative research involved 8 focus groups, comprised of men and women, aged 18-45, contraceptive users and nonusers, from the middle and lower socioeconomic strata of the city of San Salvador and other suburban areas. In each group a moderator led discussion of family planning and probed respondents for specific attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding the use of contraceptives. To assess attitudes at a more emotional level, moderators asked respondents to "draw" their ideas on certain issues. A marked discrepancy was revealed between respondents' intellectual responses to the issues raised in group discussion, as opposed to their feelings expressed in the drawings. Intellectually, participants responded very positively to family planning practice, but when they were asked to draw their perceptions, ambivalent feelings emerged. Drawings of both the user and the nonuser convey primarily negative aspects for either choice. The user is tense and moody toward her children; the nonuser loses her attractiveness and "dies." Figures also show drawings of some of the attitudes of single and married male participants. 1 drawing shows an incomplete and a complete circle, symbolizing a sterilized man (incomplete) and a nonsterilized man (complete). Another picture depicts a chained man who has lost his freedom (sterilized) versus a world of abundance and strength enjoyed by a nonsterilized man. The results of the projective drawings are only a small part of the total market research effort in El Salvador, yet they seem to indicate that the development of a CSM project communications strategy is critically important to product sales and continued product use. New advertising messages will need to be carefully tested and much communication expertise will be required to develop a message that will contribute to resolving consumer ambivalences toward product use.^ieng
Assuntos
Atitude , Planejamento em Saúde , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa , América , Comportamento , América Central , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , El Salvador , América Latina , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , PsicologiaRESUMO
PIP: Data from a rural fertility survey conducted among 6814 15-49 year old women in Costa Rica. Colombia, Mexico, and Peru in 1968 and 1969 is used to determine social definitions of large and small families and advantages and disadvantages associated with family size. Large families were defined as having between 9.5-10.7 children. Small families were defined as having 3.2-4.0 children. 79% found disadvantages to large families (costs and/or influence of cost factors on family well being) compared to 38% for small families (better care for children and better off economically). More than 1/2 the women preferred small families to large, with less than 10% preferring large families. The mean number of children considered ideal was 4.6-6.3. 35-59% wanted no more children.^ieng