RESUMO

O Comprometimento Organizacional (CO) é um vínculo do indivíduo com a organização, sendo os três componentes mais aceitos desse estado psicológico o afetivo, instrumental e normativo. O construto foi introduzido na literatura há algumas décadas e interessa gestores e acadêmicos, porque está associada a resultados organizacionais desejáveis. Entretanto, apesar da longevidade, ainda existem questões na compreensão do fenômeno e faz-se necessário identificar as lacunas de pesquisa. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar revisão sistemática de literatura das revisões sistemáticas de literatura, metanálises e bibliometrias publicadas em português e inglês, entre 2009 e 2019, no portal de periódicos da Capes, em português e inglês. Foram identificados 15 trabalhos, nos quais foi possível verificar a prevalência das investigações de antecedentes em detrimento dos consequentes, havendo correspondência e congruências entre os achados dos preditores. Os autores dos estudos selecionados apontam limitações na concepção dos elementos constituintes do construto e sua dimensionalidade, o que reflete na medida. Os achados desta revisão indicam que o campo do CO se encontra em um estágio consolidado. Contudo, anseia por novas investigações que respondam aos questionamentos ainda existentes e auxiliem na execução de intervenções práticas nos mais diversos contextos organizacionais.

Organizational Commitment (OC) is an attachment of the individual of the organization, and the three most accepted components of this psychological state are affective, instrumental, and normative. The construct was introduced into the literature a few decades ago and interests managers and academics, for its association with desirable organizational outcomes. However, despite its longevity, there are still issues in understanding the phenomenon, for identifying research gaps. Thus, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematic literature review of systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, and bibliometrics published in Portuguese and English, between 2009 and 2019, on the Capes journal portal. Fifteen studies were identified, in which it was possible to verify the prevalence of investigations of antecedents over consequents, with correspondence and congruences between the findings of the predictors. The authors of the selected studies point out limitations in the design of the construct's constituent elements and its dimensionality, which reflects on the measurement. The findings of this review indicate that the field of OC is at a consolidated stage. However, it looks forward to further research that answers the questions that still exist and assists in the execution of practical interventions in the most different organizational contexts.

RESUMO

The greater rhea, Rhea americana, is a wild ratite of high scientific importance and significant and zootechnical value, especially considering the current development state of Brazilian poultry production, where research aimed at increasing the productivity of these animals has become extremely relevant. Studies concerning fetal attachments and embryonic development are paramount, as they can provide essential information concerning reproductive and nutritional animal management. However, a lack of information on greater rhea fetal morphology is noted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a standard model for fetal attachments in this species. Greater rhea eggs were incubated from 0 to 36 days, and macroscopic and microscopic embryonic attachment characterizations were performed. Histologically, all embryonic annexes exhibit germ layers, namely the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (inner layer). The findings indicate that greater rhea development patterns are similar to other birds.

RESUMO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diferença entre os tipos de attachments e o funcionamento desses dispositivos em alinhadores invisíveis, a partir da comparação das posições em que os attachments são inseridos e como isso impacta na efetividade da movimentação ortodôntica, bem como quanto a influência da posição e do formato dos attachments influencia na biomecânica do movimento ortodôntico nos alinhadores invisíveis. Após discorrer sobre as características e funções dos attachments, o estudo concluiu que os dispositivos contribuíram para o desenvolvimento dos alinhadores ao longo dos anos. É válido ressaltar que o conhecimento clínico ortodôntico obtido com braquetes vestibulares e a sua biomecânica não é suficiente para a compreensão completa da biomecânica dos alinhadores, incluindo o uso de attachments. Não somente, concluiu que o formato e o tamanho dos attachments atuam como atores essenciais na adaptação dos alinhadores e, combinado à quantidade adequada de ativação, possibilita um tratamento previsível com alinhadores.

The present study aimed to evaluate the difference between the types of attachments and the functioning of these devices in invisible aligners, from the comparison of the positions in which the attachments are inserted and how this impacts the effectiveness of orthodontic movement, as well as the influence The position and shape of the attachments influence the biomechanics of orthodontic movement in clear aligners. After discussing the characteristics and functions of attachments, the study concluded that the devices contributed to the development of aligners over the years. It is worth noting that the orthodontic clinical knowledge obtained with buccal brackets and their biomechanics is not sufficient for a complete understanding of the biomechanics of aligners, including the use of attachments. Not only, it concluded that the shape and size of the attachments act as essential actors in the adaptation of the aligners and, combined with the adequate amount of activation, allows a predictable treatment with aligners.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As the number or density of interacting individuals in a social group increases, a transition can develop from uncorrelated and disordered behavior of the individuals to a collective coherent pattern. We expand this observation by exploring the fine details of termite movement patterns to demonstrate that the value of the scaling exponent µ of a power law describing the Lévy walk of an individual is modified collectively as the density of animals in the group changes. This effect is absent when termites interact with inert obstacles. We also show that the network of encounters and interactions among specific individuals is selective, resembling a preferential attachment mechanism that is important for social networking. Our data strongly suggest that preferential attachments, a phenomenon not reported previously, and favorite interactions with a limited number of acquaintances are responsible for the generation of Lévy movement patterns in these social insects.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cuncaicha, a rockshelter site in the southern Peruvian Andes, has yielded archaeological evidence for human occupation at high elevation (4,480 masl) during the Terminal Pleistocene (12,500-11,200 cal BP), Early Holocene (9,500-9,000 cal BP), and later periods. One of the excavated human burials (Feature 15-06), corresponding to a middle-aged female dated to ~8,500 cal BP, exhibits skeletal osteoarthritic lesions previously proposed to reflect habitual loading and specialized crafting labor. Three small tools found in association with this burial are hypothesized to be associated with precise manual dexterity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, we tested this functional hypothesis through the application of a novel multivariate methodology for the three-dimensional analysis of muscle attachment surfaces (entheses). This original approach has been recently validated on both lifelong-documented anthropological samples as well as experimental studies in nonhuman laboratory samples. Additionally, we analyzed the three-dimensional entheseal shape and resulting moment arms for muscle opponens pollicis. RESULTS: Results show that Cuncaicha individual 15-06 shows a distinctive entheseal pattern associated with habitual precision grasping via thumb-index finger coordination, which is shared exclusively with documented long-term precision workers from recent historical collections. The separate geometric morphometric analysis revealed that the individual's opponens pollicis enthesis presents a highly projecting morphology, which was found to strongly correlate with long joint moment arms (a fundamental component of force-producing capacity), closely resembling the form of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers from diverse geo-chronological contexts of Eurasia and North Africa. DISCUSSION: Overall, our findings provide the first biocultural evidence to confirm that the lifestyle of some of the earliest Andean inhabitants relied on habitual and forceful precision grasping tasks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Orthodontic treatments with Invisalign® require the use of attachments, which are composite resin buttons attached to tooth surfaces. Attachments constitute one of the most powerful tools for improving the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate surface wear over six months in two resin composites (Filtek Z350 XT, 3MESPE and Amelogen Plus TW, Ultradent Products Inc. ) used for making Invisalign® attachments. These composites were selected for their esthetic and mechanical properties. Forty attachments were bonded to the buccal surface of maxillary teeth. Materials were randomized and assigned in a double blind manner. Impressions were taken of the attachments using a preestablished technique immediately after bonding and following 6 months of clinical use. The impressions were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 12-fold magnification to identify changes in surface texture and attachment shape. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney's test on the overall ranking of detected changes in those variables. Statistically significant differences (P<0. 001) were found for surface wear, with greater changes in Amelogen Plus. Attachment shape did not change significantly in either material (P>0. 05). According to the results of this study, the alteration of the attachment surface during the first six months of treatment depends on the composite used, while attachment shape does not appear to be affected, so the clinical performance of the materials evaluated could be considered acceptable.

Los tratamientos ortodóncicos con alineadores Invisalign® utilizan aditamentos construidos en resinas compuestas llamados "attachments" adheridos a la superficie dentaria. El "attachment" es una de las herramientas más potentes para mejorar la eficiencia del movimiento dental. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el desgaste superficial de dos resinas compuestas utilizadas para construir los "attachments" en el tratamiento de ortodoncia con la técnica de alineadores Invisalign®. Se evaluaron 40 "attachments" adheridos a la superficie vestibular de piezas dentarias del maxilar superior en un período de 6 meses. Los "attachments" fueron construidos en forma aleatoria y a doble ciego con dos resinas compuestas (Filtek Z350 XT de 3M ESPE y Amelogen Plus TW Ultradent Products Inc) elegidas de acuerdo con las propiedades estéticas y mecánicas requeridas. Los "attachments" fueron impresionados con una técnica preestablecida inmediatamente luego de ser adheridos y a los 6 meses. Las muestras fueron preparadas para su observación mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) a 12 aumentos. Se observaron los cambios producidos en la textura superficial y la forma entre el inicio y los seis meses de tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados y comparados utilizando la prueba de Mann-Whitney, realizada en función del ordenamiento global, de menor a mayor según el cambio producido en esas variables. Los materiales analizados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P<0, 001) en el desgaste superficial, siendo el Amelogen Plus el material que evidenció mayor cambio. Las modificaciones en la forma de los "attachments" no fueron estadísticamente significativas en ambos materiales (P>0, 05). Según los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, la modificación de la superficie de los "attachments" durante los primeros seis meses de tratamiento varía en función del composite empleado, en tanto la forma del "attachment" no parece ser afectada de manera similar, por lo que el desempeno clínico podría ser considerado aceptable cuando se emplean los materiales evaluados.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Orthodontic treatments with Invisalign® require the use of attachments, which are composite resin buttons attached to tooth surfaces. Attachments constitute one of the most powerful tools for improving the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate surface wear over six months in two resin composites (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE and Amelogen Plus TW, Ultradent Products Inc.) used for making Invisalign® attachments. These composites were selected for their esthetic and mechanical properties. Forty attachments were bonded to the buccal surface of maxillary teeth. Materials were randomized and assigned in a double blind manner. Impressions were taken of the attachments using a preestablished technique immediately after bonding and following 6 months of clinical use. The impressions were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 12fold magnification to identify changes in surface texture and attachment shape. Data were analyzed using MannWhitney's test on the overall ranking of detected changes in those variables. Statistically significant differences (P<0.001) were found for surface wear, with greater changes in Amelogen Plus. Attachment shape did not change significantly in either material (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, the alteration of the attachment surface during the first six months of treatment depends on the composite used, while attachment shape does not appear to be affected, so the clinical performance of the materials evaluated could be considered acceptable (AU)

Los tratamientos ortodóncicos con alineadores Invisalign® utilizan aditamentos construidos en resinas compuestas llamados "attachments" adheridos a la superficie dentaria. El "attachment" es una de las herramientas más potentes para mejorar la eficiencia del movimiento dental. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el desgaste superficial de dos resinas compuestas utilizadas para construir los "attachments" en el tratamiento de ortodoncia con la técnica de alineadores Invisalign®. Se evaluaron 40 "attachments" adheridos a la superficie vesti bular de piezas dentarias del maxilar superior en un período de 6 meses. Los "attachments" fueron construidos en forma aleatoria y a doble ciego con dos resinas compuestas (Filtek Z350 XT de 3M ESPE y Amelogen Plus TW Ultradent Products Inc) elegidas de acuerdo con las propiedades estéticas y mecánicas requeridas. Los "attachments" fueron impresionados con una técnica preestablecida inmediatamente luego de ser adheridos y a los 6 meses. Las muestras fueron preparadas para su observación mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) a 12 aumentos. Se observaron los cambios producidos en la textura superficial y la forma entre el inicio y los seis meses de tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados y comparados utilizando la prueba de MannWhitney, realizada en función del ordena miento global, de menor a mayor según el cambio producido en esas variables. Los materiales analizados mostraron una diferencia estadísti camente significativa (P<0,001) en el desgaste superficial, siendo el Amelogen Plus el material que evidenció mayor cambio. Las modificaciones en la forma de los "attachments" no fueron estadísticamente significativas en ambos materiales (P>0,05). Según los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, la modificación de la superficie de los "attachments" durante los primeros seis meses de tratamiento varía en función del composite empleado, en tanto la forma del "attachment" no parece ser afectada de manera similar, por lo que el desempeño clínico podría ser considerado aceptable cuando se emplean los materiales evaluados (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This document is a description of the macroscopic functional anatomy of the ulna bony prominences in the White-footed Tamarin (Saguinus leucopus), a neotropical endemic, and monotypic primate of Colombia. Few studies have been conducted on its anatomy, and thus its ulnar morphology, an essential element for this animal's quadrupedal arboreal locomotion, remains unknown. This study is based on eight specimens, fixed in formalin at 10 % whose ulnas were extracted in order to describe the main bony prominences along with muscular and ligamentous fixation functions. These elements of the locomotor apparatus and the multiple anatomical contours of the ulna of the White-footed Tamarin, exhibit characteristics for positional and articular adjustment with other bones of the forelimb in harmony with the attachments of the muscles, essential for quadrupedal arboreal locomotion.

El presente trabajo es una descripción de la anatomía macroscópica y funcional de los relieves óseos de la ulna del tití gris (Saguinus leucopus), un primate neotropical, endémico y monotípico de Colombia, con escasos estudios sobre su anatomía, y por ende de la morfología ulnar, elemento fundamental para la locomoción cuadrúpeda de este animal arbóreo que permanece desconocida. Para ello, se tomaron como base del estudio ocho especímenes fijados con formalina al 10 % y de ellos se extrajeron sus ulnas, describiendo los principales relieves óseos con sus funciones de fijación muscular y ligamentosa. Estos elementos del aparato locomotor con sus múltiples relieves anatómicos de la ulna del tití gris, presentan características para la adaptación posicional y articular con otros huesos del miembro torácico de manera armónica para la fijación de músculos indispensables en su locomoción cuadrúpeda arbórea.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Despite requiring dental crown preparation and possible root canal treatment, besides the difficulty of clinical and laboratory repairs, and financial burden, the association between fixed (FPD) and removable partial dentures (RPD) by means of attachments is an important alternative for oral rehabilitation, particularly when the use of dental implants and FPDs is limited or not indicated. Among the advantages of attachment-retained RPDs are the improvements in esthetics and biomechanics, as well as correction of the buccal arrangement of anterior teeth in Kennedy Class III partially edentulous arches. This article describes the treatment sequence and technique for the use of attachments in therapy combining FPD/RPD.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este trabalho relata um caso clínico onde uma paciente de 82 anos de idade queixava-se da instabilidade da porção removível de sua prótese maxilar híbrida. Dois implantes foram colocados na região posterior e a nova prótese passou a funcionar como uma overdenture retida por encaixes tipo O-ring. As extremidades distais dos encaixes nas coroas metalocerâmicas dos dentes 13 e 23 não puderam ser capturadas. Mesmo em função das limitações técnicas e econômicas, o tratamento proposto satisfez as exigências estéticas e funcionais da paciente.

This work reports a clinical case where a 82 years-old patient had complaints about the removable portion of an hybrid maxillary prosthesis. Two dental implants were inserted in the posterior region and the new reconstruction was designed as an O-ring retained overdenture. The female portions of the metalloceramic crowns of teeth 13 and 23 could not be captured in this way. Even thus, given the technical and financial limitations, the proposed treatment addressed all esthetic and functional patient demands

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo construir e validar a escala de entrincheiramento organizacional, construto de mesma base teórica do comprometimento de continuação. Três dimensões foram propostas: ajustamentos à posição social (APS), arranjos burocráticos impessoais (ABI) e limitação de alternativas (LA). Os dados coletados com 721 trabalhadores foram submetidos a análises exploratórias e confirmatórias para a avaliação psicométrica da escala. Os resultados indicam estabilidade, generalizabilidade e alta consistência interna dos três fatores, formados pelos vinte e dois itens restantes, e respaldam a decisão pela estrutura tridimensional. Estudos futuros com a escala validada poderão contribuir para um maior refinamento conceitual e empírico do entrincheiramento com a organização.(AU)

The objective of this work was to develop and validate an organizational entrenchment scale which is a construct on the same theoretical base of continuance commitment. Three dimensions were defined: individual adjustment to social positions (ASP), impersonal bureaucratic arrangements (IBA) and limitation of alternatives (LA). Data collected from 721 workers were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory analyses in order to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the scale. Results indicate stability, potential for generalization and strong internal consistency across the three dimensions formed by the remaining twenty-two items, and they also support the choice of a three-component structure. Future studies using this validated scale will contribute for further conceptual and empirical refinement of the organizational entrenchment concept.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo construir e validar a escala de entrincheiramento organizacional, construto de mesma base teórica do comprometimento de continuação. Três dimensões foram propostas: ajustamentos à posição social (APS), arranjos burocráticos impessoais (ABI) e limitação de alternativas (LA). Os dados coletados com 721 trabalhadores foram submetidos a análises exploratórias e confirmatórias para a avaliação psicométrica da escala. Os resultados indicam estabilidade, generalizabilidade e alta consistência interna dos três fatores, formados pelos vinte e dois itens restantes, e respaldam a decisão pela estrutura tridimensional. Estudos futuros com a escala validada poderão contribuir para um maior refinamento conceitual e empírico do entrincheiramento com a organização...

The objective of this work was to develop and validate an organizational entrenchment scale which is a construct on the same theoretical base of continuance commitment. Three dimensions were defined: individual adjustment to social positions (ASP), impersonal bureaucratic arrangements (IBA) and limitation of alternatives (LA). Data collected from 721 workers were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory analyses in order to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the scale. Results indicate stability, potential for generalization and strong internal consistency across the three dimensions formed by the remaining twenty-two items, and they also support the choice of a three-component structure. Future studies using this validated scale will contribute for further conceptual and empirical refinement of the organizational entrenchment concept...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este artigo apresenta um novo sistema de fixação para aparelhos removíveis que dispensa a confecção de grampos, sendo especialmente indicado para pacientes que apresentem dentes com pouca ou nenhuma retenção. Esse sistema de fixação, chamado GCS, utiliza attachments, fabricados a partir de botões ortodônticos, que são colados aos dentes, proporcionando excelente retenção mecânica e permitindo que os aparelhos removíveis, nesse caso um expansor, possam ser ativados como se fossem aparelhos fixos cimentados ou colados aos dentes, com a vantagem adicional de poderem ser removidos para higienização e para eventuais consertos. Também é apresentado um aparelho de contenção GCS que se encaixa aos attachments, trava o aparelho em posição e dispensa o uso de grampos, e que pode ser utilizado em praticamente todos os dispositivos ortodônticos ativos ou de contenção, aliando alta eficiência retentiva com simplicidade de construção.

This study describes a new fixation system for removable appliances that does not require the fabrication of clasps and is specially recommended for patients whose teeth provide little or no retention. This fixation system, called GCS, uses attachments fabricated with orthodontic buttons bonded to the teeth. It provides excellent mechanical retention, and the removable appliances, in this case an expander, can be activated as if they were fixed appliances cemented or bonded to teeth. An additional advantage is that they may be removed for cleaning and repairs, if necessary. This study also describes a GCS retention appliance that fits into the attachments and fixes the appliance in a certain position, which precludes the use of clasps and may be adapted for practically all active or retentive orth odontic devices as it combines high retentive efficiency and fabrication simplicity.