RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Clinical guidelines recommend measurement of arterial (carotid and femoral) plaque burden by vascular ultrasound (VUS) as a risk modifier in individuals at low or moderate risk without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of carotid and femoral plaques by age and sex, the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA), and its association with classic CVRF in subjects over 30 years of age without ASCVD. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 5775 consecutive subjects referred for cardiovascular evaluation and determined the prevalence and burden of SA using 2D-VUS in carotid and femoral arteries. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent were men with a mean age of 51.3 (SD 10.6) years. Overall, plaque prevalence was 51% in carotid arteries, 39.3% in femoral arteries, 62.4% in carotid or femoral arteries, and 37.6% in neither. The prevalence of plaques and SA burden showed an increasing trend with age, being higher in men than in women and starting before the age of 40, both in the carotid and femoral sites. There was also an increasing prevalence of plaques according to the number of CVRF, and interestingly we found a high prevalence of plaques in subjects with 0 or 1 classic CVRF. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increased prevalence and burden of carotid or femoral SA, higher in men, beginning before the fourth decade of life and increasing with age. Despite a significant association with classic CVRF, a significant number of subjects with low CVRF were diagnosed with SA.
Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Artéria Femoral , Hospitais Comunitários , Doença Arterial Periférica , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Prevalência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Placa Aterosclerótica/epidemiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Medição de Risco , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Idoso , Doenças Assintomáticas , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Etários , Fatores de Risco , Ultrassonografia , Distribuição por Idade , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between egg consumption and coronary atherosclerotic burden. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Cardiac catheterization laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients referred for coronary angiography. MEASUREMENTS: Socio-demographic data (age, education level, and occupation), cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and family history of coronary artery disease), and egg-eating habits were assessed using a research questionnaire. Egg consumption was divided into three categories: less than one egg a week; one egg a week; and more than one egg a week. Coronary atherosclerotic burden was assessed by a blinded interventional cardiologist using the Friesinger Score (FS) obtained from the coronary angiography. This score varies from 0 to 15 and evaluated each of the three main coronary arteries separately. For this analysis, the FS was divided into three categories: 0-4, 5-9, and 10-15. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 382 adult patients; 241 patients (63.3%) were male. The average age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years (range 23-89 years). The egg-eating category was inversely associated with dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) but not with the other cardiovascular risk factors. A significant association was found between egg consumption and FS (p < 0.05), showing that patients who ate more than one egg a week had a lower coronary atherosclerotic burden. By multivariate analysis, the atherosclerotic burden was independently associated with sex, age, hypertension and egg consumption. CONCLUSION: In this observational study of patients undergoing coronary angiography, the consumption of more than one egg per week was associated with a lower coronary atherosclerotic burden.