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INTRODUCTION: Stomach cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide, especially in the population over 65 years. The survival rate of the elderly is lower in comparison with young people, and they are underrepresented in clinical trials and research in general. The evaluation of Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment (MGA) would be key for assessing the prognosis of these patients and therefore having a more informed decision-making process when considering one of the most vulnerable populations. METHODS: A search was performed in the OVID, Embase, and PubBMed databases. There was no restriction on publication time, language, or study design. Eligible studies were those that included geriatric patients with a diagnosis of nonmetastatic stomach cancer who receive oncospecific and surgical management, used Multidimensional/Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (MGA), and which outcomes included at least overall survival, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Four studies were included, and the MGA battery was not implemented, but rather easily measurable scales such as nutritional status, functional status, cognitive and behavioral disorders, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. Some authors proposed that the assessment of overall survival is not explicit among the included studies; patients with gastric cancer and mild, moderate, severe, and total dependence had higher mortality than independent patients (39% [HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.09-1.7], 68% [95% CI: 1.46-1.93], 187% [HR 2.87 95% CI: 2.47-3.34], and 234% [95% CI: 2.81-3.97]), respectively. The Zhou study showed an association between sarcopenia, assessed by imaging studies, and a longer hospital stay in days (16 [9] vs. 13 [6], p 0.004). The study by Pujara found that polypharmacy (OR 2.36 CI: 1.08-5.17) and weight loss greater than 10% in the past 6 months were associated with greater postoperative morbidity at 90 days (OR 2.36 CI: 1.08-5.17, OR 11.21 CI: 2.16-58.24). CONCLUSION: MGA was not broadly implemented. Geriatric assessment dependency appears to be a prognostic marker of survival in patients with gastric cancer. Sarcopenia appears to be an important prognostic marker for short- and long-term outcomes. Higher quality studies in this specific population are required to support the systematic use of this assessment for the choice of appropriate therapy according to the patient.

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Introducción: La investigación de estados de ánimo en la consulta odontológica se ha centrado principalmente en edades pediátricas; sin embargo, es importante conocer qué sucede en otros grupos etarios. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de ánimo de los adultos mayores previo a un procedimiento odontológico de primer nivel en la Clínica Universitaria de Atención a la Salud Zaragoza. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio observacional transversal, con una muestra de 34 adultos mayores (22 mujeres y 12 hombres), con una media de edad de 69,2. La selección de la muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Se utilizó la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo, que es un instrumento de autorreporte, validado en población adulta para condiciones clínicas y no clínicas. Resultados: Se encontró un puntaje alto en la subescala de Alegría, con una media de 6,63 y una desviación típica de 2,7. Para las subescalas de estado de ánimo consideradas negativas, como Ansiedad, se obtuvo una media de 3,5 y una desviación típica de 2,5. Para Tristeza-Depresión se obtuvo una media de 3,1 y una desviación típica de 3,0 y, finalmente, para la subescala de Ira-Hostilidad, se obtuvo una media de 2,7 y una desviación típica de 3,1. Conclusiones: Se encontraron niveles bajos en los estados de ánimo negativos para las subescalas de Ansiedad, Tristeza-Depresión e Ira-Hostilidad. Por su parte, en los estados de ánimo positivos hay un nivel alto, tanto por ítem como en la subescala de Alegría.

Introduction: The research on mood states in dental consultation has focused mainly on pediatric ages; however, it is important to know what happens in other age groups. Objective: To evaluate the mood of older adults prior to a first-level dental procedure at the Zaragoza University Health Care Clinic. Materials and methods: An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 34 older adults (22 women and 12 men) with an average age of 69.2. The sample selection was non-probabilistic for convenience. The Mood Assessment Scale was used, which is a self-report instrument, validated in the adult population, for clinical and non-clinical conditions. Results: A high score was found in the joy subscale with a mean of 6.63 and a standard deviation of 2.7. For the mood subscales considered negative such as Anxiety, a mean of 3.5 and a standard deviation of 2.5 was obtained. For Sadness -Depression, a mean of 3.1 and a standard deviation of 3.0 were obtained; and finally for the Anger-Hostility subscale, a mean of 2.7 and a standard deviation of 3.1 were obtained. Conclusion: Low levels were found in negative mood states for the subscales of Anxiety, Sadness-Depression and Anger-Hostility. Meanwhile, in positive mood states there is a high level, both in item and in the subscale of Joy.

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Introducción. Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultades de adaptación a situaciones estresantes, como la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del primer año de pandemia en las dificultades alimentarias de niños con TEA. Población y métodos. Se invitó a participar a cuidadores de niños con TEA no sindromático (edad: 2-18 años) de una unidad de neurodesarrollo. Los participantes respondieron en línea un cuestionario y la escala de evaluación de problemas de conducta alimentaria (BPFAS por su sigla en inglés) antes y durante el primer año de pandemia. Se calculó un puntaje de prioridad (producto entre promedio de frecuencia y problema) para cada ítem del BPFAS. Resultados. El 56,6 % (86/152) de los cuidadores contestó la encuesta (madre 74,4 %), mediana de edad 6,3 años (p25-p75: 4,7-8,2); el 80,2 % de los niños eran de sexo masculino; el 58,1 % mantuvo terapia durante la pandemia y el 61,6 % presentaba problemas de comportamiento previo a esta. Durante el primer año de pandemia, los niños presentaron mayor intensidad en dificultades conductuales (34,9 %) y de alimentación (61,6 %); sin embargo, el 31,4 % refirió mejoría en la alimentación. No existieron diferencias significativas entre puntajes BPFAS antes y durante la pandemia. Los ítems con mayor puntaje de prioridad fueron "se levanta de la mesa durante la hora de comer", "no probar alimentos nuevos", "no come verduras", "no come frutas". Conclusiones. Hubo alta frecuencia de dificultades en las conductas alimentarias durante el primer año de pandemia. No se presentaron diferencias en las características de estas conductas antes y durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties adapting to stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To assess the impact of the first year of the pandemic on feeding difficulties in children with ASD. Population and methods. The caregivers of children and adolescents with non-syndromic ASD (age: 2­18 years) from a neurodevelopment unit were invited to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire and the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) online before and during the first year of the pandemic. A priority score (product between the average frequency and the problem) for each BPFAS item was estimated. Results. Among the caregivers, 56.6% (86/152) completed the survey (mother: 74.4%); children's median age was 6.3 years (p25­p75: 4.7­8.2); 80.2% of children were males; 58.1% continued with their therapy during the pandemic; and 61.6% had behavioral problems before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, children had greater behavioral problems (34.9%) and feeding difficulties (61.6%); however, 31.4% of caregivers referred improvements in feeding. There were no significant differences in the BPFAS scores before and during the pandemic. The following items obtained the highest priority scores: gets up from table during meal, does not try new food, does not eat vegetables, does not eat fruits. Conclusions. A high frequency of feeding difficulties was noted during the first year of the pandemic. No differences were observed in feeding characteristics before and during the pandemic.

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Introduction. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties adapting to stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To assess the impact of the first year of the pandemic on feeding difficulties in children with ASD. Population and methods. The caregivers of children and adolescents with non-syndromic ASD (age: 2-18 years) from a neurodevelopment unit were invited to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire and the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) online before and during the first year of the pandemic. A priority score (product between the average frequency and the problem) for each BPFAS item was estimated. Results. Among the caregivers, 56.6% (86/152) completed the survey (mother: 74.4%); children's median age was 6.3 years (p25-p75: 4.7-8.2); 80.2% of children were males; 58.1% continued with their therapy during the pandemic; and 61.6% had behavioral problems before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, children had greater behavioral problems (34.9%) and feeding difficulties (61.6%); however, 31.4% of caregivers referred improvements in feeding. There were no significant differences in the BPFAS scores before and during the pandemic. The following items obtained the highest priority scores: gets up from table during meal, does not try new food, does not eat vegetables, does not eat fruits. Conclusions. A high frequency of feeding difficulties was noted during the first year of the pandemic. No differences were observed in feeding characteristics before and during the pandemic.

Introducción. Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultades de adaptación a situaciones estresantes, como la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del primer año de pandemia en las dificultades alimentarias de niños con TEA. Población y métodos. Se invitó a participar a cuidadores de niños con TEA no sindromático (edad: 2-18 años) de una unidad de neurodesarrollo. Los participantes respondieron en línea un cuestionario y la escala de evaluación de problemas de conducta alimentaria (BPFAS por su sigla en inglés) antes y durante el primer año de pandemia. Se calculó un puntaje de prioridad (producto entre promedio de frecuencia y problema) para cada ítem del BPFAS. Resultados. El 56,6 % (86/152) de los cuidadores contestó la encuesta (madre 74,4 %), mediana de edad 6,3 años (p25-p75: 4,7-8,2); el 80,2 % de los niños eran de sexo masculino; el 58,1 % mantuvo terapia durante la pandemia y el 61,6 % presentaba problemas de comportamiento previo a esta. Durante el primer año de pandemia, los niños presentaron mayor intensidad en dificultades conductuales (34,9 %) y de alimentación (61,6 %); sin embargo, el 31,4 % refirió mejoría en la alimentación. No existieron diferencias significativas entre puntajes BPFAS antes y durante la pandemia. Los ítems con mayor puntaje de prioridad fueron "se levanta de la mesa durante la hora de comer", "no probar alimentos nuevos", "no come verduras", "no come frutas". Conclusiones. Hubo alta frecuencia de dificultades en las conductas alimentarias durante el primer año de pandemia. No se presentaron diferencias en las características de estas conductas antes y durante la pandemia.

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Although hematologic neoplasms have been on the vanguard of cancer therapies that led to notable advances in therapeutic efficacy, many patients face significant symptom burden, which make them eligible for early palliative care (PC) integration. However, previous reports demonstrated that hematological malignancies receive more aggressive care at the end-of-life and are less likely to receive care from specialist palliative services compared to solid tumors. Our aim was to characterize symptom burden, performance status and clinical characteristics of a cohort of hematologic malignancies patients referred to PC outpatient consultation, according to their diagnosis. Fifty-nine hematological malignancies patients referred to PC consultation between January 2018 and September 2021 were included. Clinical and laboratory data were evaluated retrospectively by medical charts analysis. Patients exhibited high ESAS and reduced PPS scores at the time of PC referral. Acute leukemia and multiple myeloma patients had the highest symptom burden scores; in spite of this, median time from the first PC consultation until death was only 3 and 4 months, respectively. In conclusion, we identified that hematologic neoplasms patients are highly symptomatic and are frequently referred to PC in end stages of their disease.

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BACKGROUND: An early and prolonged lockdown was adopted in Argentina during the first wave of COVID-19. Early reports evidenced elevated psychological symptoms. AIMS: To explore if the prolonged lockdown was associated with elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms; if mental fatigue was associated with lockdown adherence (a phenomenon called 'behavioural fatigue'); and if financial concerns were associated with lockdown adherence and emotional symptoms. METHOD: The survey included standardised questionnaires to assess depressive (PHQ-9) and anxious (GAD-7) symptoms, mental fatigue, risk perception, lockdown adherence, financial concerns, daily stress, loneliness, intolerance to uncertainty, negative repetitive thinking and cognitive problems. LASSO regression analyses were carried out to predict depression, anxiety and lockdown adherence. RESULTS: The survey reached 3617 adults (85.2% female) from all provinces of Argentina after 72 days of lockdown. Data were collected between 21 May 2020 and 4 June 2020. In that period, Argentina had an Oxford stringency index of 85/100. Of those surveyed, 45.6% and 27% met the cut-offs for depression and anxiety, respectively. Mental fatigue, cognitive failures and financial concerns were correlated with psychological symptoms, but not with adherence to lockdown. In regression models, mental fatigue, cognitive failures and loneliness were the most important variables to predict depression, intolerance to uncertainty and lockdown difficulty were the most important for anxiety, and perceived threat was the most important for predicting lockdown adherence. CONCLUSIONS: During the extended lockdown, psychological symptoms increased, being enhanced by mental fatigue, cognitive difficulties and financial concerns. We found no evidence of behavioural fatigue. Thus, feeling mentally fatigued is not the same as being behaviourally fatigued.

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Abstract Introduction: The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) is a scale to evaluate facial function in three domains, namely resting symmetry, voluntary move-ments, and synkinesis. It is commonly used in scientific research and clinical practice to assess and monitor people with facial paralysis. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the SFGS, develop a version for the Brazilian population (SFGS - Brazil) and analyze its psychometric properties, including validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel translated and adapted the SFGS into Brazilian Portuguese, creating the SFGS-Brazil version. Next, content validation was carried out by a panel of four physical therapists with clinical experience in caring for people with facial paralysis, in addition to interrater reliability and scale responsiveness after physical therapy intervention. Results: For SFGD validation, committee agreement rate and the content validity index were greater than 90%. Agreement (interrater reliability) was excellent for most items and overall (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99; p < 0.000) and the scale proved to be responsive, indicating post-intervention improvement (t = 10.66; p = 0.000). Conclusion: The domains and items of the SFGS-Brazil are conceptually equivalent to those of the original version, and the instrument displays adequate psychometric properties, including validity, agreement and responsiveness. The SFGS-Brazil is suitable for the Brazilian population and can be used in scientific studies and clinical practice.

Resumo Introdução: O Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) é uma escala para avaliar a função facial em três domínios, incluindo simetria em repouso, movimentos voluntários e sincinesias. Essa escala é comumente utilizada em pesquisas científicas e na prática clínica para a avaliação e acompanhamento de pessoas com paralisia facial. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o SFGS, elaborar a versão para a população brasileira (SFGS-Brasil) e analisar suas propriedades psicométricas, incluindo validade, confiabilidade interexaminadores e responsividade. Métodos: Um comitê multidisciplinar traduziu e adaptou o SFGS para o português do Brasil, gerando a versão SFGS-Brasil. Após esta fase, realizou-se a validação de conteúdo por um comitê de quatro fisioterapeutas com experiência clínica em atendimento de pessoas com paralisia facial, além da confiabilidade interexaminadores e a responsividade da escala após intervenção fisioterapêutica. Resultados: Para a validação do SFGS, a taxa de concordância do comitê total e o índice de validade do conteúdo mostraram-se maiores que 90%. A concordância (confiabilidade interexaminadores) mostrou-se excelente para maioria dos itens e para o total (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,99; p < 0,000), e o instrumento mostrou-se responsível, podendo-se identitificar melhora segundo o SFGS-Brasil após a intervenção (t = 10,66; p = 0,000). Conclusão: O SFGS-Brasil possui equivalência conceitual dos domínios e itens à versão original, possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas, incluindo validade, concordância e responsividade. O SFGS-Brasil é adequado para a população brasileira, podendo ser usado em estudos científicos e na prática clínica.

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Introduction The purpose of this study is to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the translated Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score exclusively for pathologies of the wrist. Materials and Methods A methodological study of cross-cultural validation of clinical scores was performed through a test-retest reliability analysis, internal consistency, response to change, and criterion validity assessment. Results The test was applied to 57 patients with 139 surveys. Stability evaluated through Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.98, with 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97-0.99; Cronbach's alpha was > 0.91; the difference in score was 24.26 (standard deviation: 26.59); the standardized response mean was 0.912; the effect size was 0.924; the Spearman's coefficient between the differences of PRWE and DASH-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-scores was r = 0.899, with 95% CI = 0.811-0.947; Spearman's nonparametric correlation test between PRWE and DASH was 0.82, with 95% CI = 0.711-0.890. Conclusions We successfully validated the Spanish translation of the PRWE scale. It showed valid and reliable interpretation of functional status and response to treatment after distal radius fracture, for Colombian population. Level of Evidence This is a level II, methodological study for scale validation.

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CONTEXT: There are no validated Spanish tools to assess symptom burden in pediatric cancer. The Pediatric Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (Pediatric-MSAS) is an English valid multidimensional and comprehensive instrument. OBJECTIVES: To validate Pediatric-MSAS-Spanish (MSAS-Child, MSAS-Teen, and MSAS-Caregiver versions) in patients with cancer treated in two public hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, classical psychometric theory. We recruited a convenience sample of 148 caregivers of children ≥ two years, 51 young children (seven to 12 years), and 48 adolescents (≥13 years). We assessed feasibility, comprehensibility, internal consistency, and convergent and known-groups validity. RESULTS: Pediatric-MSAS-Spanish was feasible, acceptable, and comprehensible. Reliability of MSAS-total and subscale scores was satisfactory (Cronbach alpha: 0.90, 0.89, 0.71, respectively, for caregiver, teen, and child MSAS-total score). MSAS-total caregiver, teen, and child scores met a priori criteria for convergent validity correlating with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory total scores (Spearman correlation (rs) = -0.59, -0.66, and -0.32, respectively) and visual -analogue well-being scores (rs = -0.63, -0.46, and -0.4, respectively). Caregiver-teen correlation was strong for total (rs = 0.78) and physical (rs = 0.85) scores, and moderate for global distress index (rs = 0.64) and psychological (rs = 0.45) scores. MSAS-total caregiver-child correlation was moderate (rs = 0.30) and Kappa analysis showed poor agreement. All MSAS-Caregiver scores and MSAS-Teen total and physical scores differentiated inpatients/outpatients and patients on/off-treatment, while MSAS-Teen psychological and global distress index subscales or MSAS-Child scores did not. CONCLUSION: Pediatric-MSAS-Spanish is feasible and reliable for assessing symptom burden in children with cancer. Validity of MSAS-Caregiver and MSAS-Teen was largely supported. Further work on MSAS-Child is warranted.

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Esta pesquisa objetiva propor o Inventário de Autoavaliação do Professor, uma versão reduzida e adaptada do Teacher Behavior Checklist, apresentando evidências de validade e precisão do mesmo, além de suas associações com o bem-estar subjetivo. Participaram deste estudo 214 professores universitários, sendo 55,6% do sexo feminino e 44,4% do sexo masculino, com média de idade da amostra total de 39,21 (DP = 9,77). Estes responderam questões sociodemográficas e ocupacionais, o Inventário de Autoavaliação do Professor, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e a Escala de Bem-estar Afetivo no Trabalho. Análises Paralelas e Fatoriais Exploratórias sugeriram que o instrumento apresentou evidências adequadas de validade, corroborando as duas dimensões observadas originalmente, cuidado e profissionalismo, com índices de precisão aceitáveis. Cuidado apresentou correlação com os afetos positivos e Profissionalismo com as três dimensões do bem-estar. Tais resultados sugerem a adequação do instrumento para este contexto, assim como levanta possibilidades de pesquisas futuras.

This research aims to propose the Teacher Self-Assessment Inventory, a short-version adaptation of the Teacher Behavior Checklist, presenting evidence of its validity and accuracy, as well as its associations with subjective well-being. Participating in this study were 214 university professors, 55.6% female and 44.4% male, with a mean age of the complete sample of 39.21 (SD = 9.77). They answered sociodemographic and occupational questions, the Teacher Self-Assessment Inventory, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Job-related affective well-being scale. Parallel and Exploratory Factor Analyzes suggested that the instrument presented evidence of validity, corroborating the two originally observed dimensions, Care and Professionalism, with acceptable precision indices. Care presented correlation with positive affect and Professionalism with the three dimensions of well-being. These results suggest the adequacy of the instrument to this context, as well as possible future research studies.

Esta investigación objetiva proponer el Inventario de Autoevaluación de Profesores, una versión reducida y adaptada del Teacher Behavior Checklist, presentando evidencias de validez y precisión del mismo, además de sus asociaciones con el bienestar subjetivo. Participaron de esta investigación 214 profesores universitarios, siendo el 55,6% del sexo femenino y 44,4% del sexo masculino, con una media de edad de la muestra total de 39,21 (DP = 9,77). Estos respondieron cuestiones sociodemográficas y ocupacionales, el Inventario de Autoevaluación del Profesor, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida y la Escala de Bienestar Afectivo en el Trabajo. Análisis paralelos y factorial exploratorio sugirió que el instrumento presentó evidencias de validez, corroborando las dos dimensiones observadas originalmente, Cuidado y Profesionalismo, con índices de precisión aceptables. El cuidado presentó correlación con los afectos positivos y el profesionalismo con las tres dimensiones del bienestar. Estos resultados sugieren la adecuación del instrumento para este contexto, así como plantea posibilidades de investigaciones futuras.

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Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar a Structured Interview for Assessing Perceptual Anomalies (SIAPA) para o Brasil para ser utilizada como instrumento de autorrelato. Utilizou-se uma amostra não probabilística de 854 universitários, a maioria do sexo masculino (51,4 %) e com idades entre 16 e 65 anos (M = 23,7; DP = 6,8). Após a tradução e validação semântica da SIAPA, testaram-se os parâmetros de validade e precisão por meio de análises fatoriais, coeficientes alfa de Cronbach e análises via Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Os resultados confirmaram a adequação psicométrica da medida, apontando uma solução unidimensional com altas cargas no fator geral e alta consistência interna (α = 0,88; Ω = 0,88). Acredita-se que o objetivo proposto tenha sido satisfeito, de modo que, ao final da pesquisa, contou-se com uma medida válida e fidedigna que pode ser utilizada, tanto para rastreio quanto para pesquisa, para compreender e diagnosticar anomalias perceptuais. (AU)

Abstract The purpose of this research was to adapt the Structured Interview for Assessing Perceptual Anomalies (SIAPA) for use in Brazil as a self-report tool. A non-probabilistic sample of 854 undergraduate students was used, mostly men (51.4%) and aged between 16 and 65 years (M = 23.7, SD = 6.8). After the translation and semantic validation of SIAPA, the validity and precision parameters were tested by means of factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis. The results confirmed the psychometric adequacy of the measure, pointing to a one-dimensional solution with high loads on the general factor and high accuracy (α = 0.88; Ω = 0.88). It is believed that the proposed objective was satisfied, so that at the end of the investigation there was a valid and reliable measure that can be used, both for screening and research, to understand and diagnose perceptual anomalies. (AU)

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar la Structured Interview for Assessing Perceptual Anomalies (SIAPA) para Brasil para utilizarla como instrumento de autoinforme. Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística con 854 universitarios, la mayoría del sexo masculino (51,4%) y con edades entre 16 a 65 años (M = 23,7, DP = 6,8). Después de la traducción y validación semántica de la SIAPA, se probaron los parámetros de validez y precisión por medio de análisis factoriales, coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y análisis vía Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). Los resultados confirmaron la adecuación psicométrica de la medida, apuntando una solución unidimensional con altas cargas en el factor general y alta precisión (α = 0,88; Ω = 0,88). Se cree que el objetivo propuesto ha sido satisfecho, de modo que al final de la investigación se contó con una medida valida y fidedigna que se puede utilizar, tanto para detección como investigación, para comprender y diagnosticar anomalías perceptuales. (AU)

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This study aimed to explore the association between serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and cognitive dysfunction risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This cross-sectional study enrolled 583 AIS patients. Biochemical markers and lipid profile were collected after admission. AIS patients were classified into high group (non-HDL-C ≥3.4 mM) and normal group (non-HDL-C <3.4 mM). Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Hamilton Depression scale 21 version (HAMD-21) were applied on the third day after admission. Compared with the control group, patients of the high group had higher body mass index and higher frequency of intracranial artery stenosis, and exhibited higher levels of non-HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, homocysteine, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, patients of the high group had significantly lower MMSE and MoCA scores (MMSE: 26.01±4.17 vs 23.12±4.73, P<0.001; MoCA: 22.28±5.28 vs 20.25±5.87, P<0.001) and higher scores on the NPI and HAMD-21 (both P<0.001). MMSE (r=-0.306, P<0.001) and MoCA scores (r=-0.251, P<0.001) were negatively associated with non-HDL-C level. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that non-HDL-C level (OR=1.361, 95%CI: 1.059-1.729, P=0.016) was independently associated with the presence of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for confounding factors. High serum non-HDL-C level might significantly increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction after AIS.

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Resumen Introducción: Ninguna escala simple, por diseño, es lo suficientemente abarcadora para evaluar de forma integral la función motora de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV); sin embargo, es posible la selección de una batería de ellas para controlar las distintas etapas del proceso de rehabilitación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los criterios que sirven de referencia para la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación funcional en pacientes con ECV. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Rehabilitation Measures Database, EBSCO y Medline, donde se incluyeron escalas de evaluación funcional dirigidas al control de la postura, marcha, equilibrio, tono muscular, miembros superiores e inferiores y actividades de la vida diaria. Resultados: Para la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación funcional se identificaron un total de trece criterios de referencia agrupados en: 1) criterios psicométricos y 2) criterios de diseño y aplicación. Utilizando estos criterios, se seleccionaron las escalas: Barthel Index, Action Research Arm Test, Ashworth Scale y 10 Meter Walk Test. Conclusión: Las escalas seleccionadas brindan información sobre cuatro aspectos relevantes para la evaluación funcional y la práctica terapéutica: autocuidado, función motora, tono muscular y rendimiento físico, estrechamente relacionados con las principales áreas de trabajo durante el proceso de rehabilitación en pacientes con ECV. Los recursos materiales necesarios para su aplicación son mínimos y el tiempo estimado, a partir de la integración de sus tiempos parciales, no sobrepasa los 30 minutos.

Abstract Introduction: No simple scale, by design, is comprehensive enough to comprehensively evaluate the motor function of with stroke patients; however, it is possible to select a battery of them to control the different stages of the rehabilitation process. The objective of this study was to identify the criteria that serve as a reference for the construction of a functional evaluation instrument in stroke patients. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, Rehabilitation Measures Database, ebsco and Medline databases, which included functional assessment scales aimed at controlling posture, gait, balance, muscle tone, upper and lower limbs and activities daily life. Results: For construction of a functional evaluation instrument, a total of thirteen reference criteria were identified grouped into: 1) psychometric criteria and 2) design and application criteria. Using these criteria the scales were selected: Barthel Index, Action Research Arm Test, Ashworth Scale, and 10 Meter Walk Test. Conclusion: The selected scales provide information on four relevant aspects for functional evaluation and therapeutic practice: self-care, motor function, muscle tone and physical performance, closely related to main work area during the rehabilitation process in stroke patients. The material resources necessary for its application are minimal and the estimated time, from the integration of its partial times, does not exceed 30 minutes.

Resumo Introdução: Nenhuma escala simples, por concepção, é abrangente o suficiente para avaliar de forma abrangente a função motora de pacientes com doença cerebrovascular (DCV), no entanto, é possível selecionar uma bateria deles para controlar as diferentes etapas do processo de reabilitação. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os critérios que servem de referência para a construção de um instrumento de avaliação funcional em pacientes com DCV. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Rehabilitation Measures Database, EBSCO e Medline, que incluíram escalas de avaliação funcional para controle de postura, marcha, equilíbrio, tônus muscular, membros superiores e inferiores e atividades de vida diario. Resultados: Para a construção de um instrumento de avaliação funcional, foram identificados 13 critérios de referência, agrupados em: 1) critérios psicométricos e 2) critérios de projeto e aplicação. Utilizando esses critérios, as escalas foram selecionadas: Barthel Index, Action Research Arm Test, Ashworth Scale, and 10 Meter Walk Test. Conclusão: As escalas selecionadas fornecem informações sobre quatro aspectos relevantes para avaliação funcional e prática terapêutica: autocuidado, função motora, tônus muscular e desempenho físico, intimamente relacionados à principal área de trabalho durante o processo de reabilitação em pacientes com DCV. Os recursos materiais necessários para sua aplicação são mínimos e o tempo estimado, a partir da integração de seus tempos parciais, não excede 30 minutos.

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Abstract Introduction Medical residents (MR) are an important pillar for a future effective health system. As such, it is important to study all the factors throughout their training that may influence their professional development, like gender-based violence (GV). Objetive To design and evaluate the psychometric proprieties of subtle GV among medical residents' assessment scale (SGEVRA). Method The design was carried out in two phases: (1) in the qualitative phase, three focus groups were interviewed to obtain information about GV during medical training; and (2) in the quantitative phase, the information was incorporated into the instrument and the psychometric properties were tested. Results A total of 1,645 medical residents (MRs) completed the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis led to a final two factor model comprised of 31 items that explained 74.9% of the variance. The factors were labelled as gender discrimination (factor 1) and sexual violence (factor 2); both demonstrated high internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha (factor 1: .987; factor 2: .935). Discussion and conclusion The SGEVRA is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing subtle GV among MR.

Resumen Introducción Los residentes médicos (MR) son un pilar importante para un futuro sistema de salud efectivo. Por ello, es importante estudiar todos los factores a lo largo de su capacitación que puedan influir en su desarrollo profesional, como la violencia de género (GV). Objetivo Diseñar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Violencia Sutil de Género en médicos residentes (SGEVRA, por sus siglas en inglés). Método El diseño se realizó en dos fases: (1) cualitativa: se entrevistó a tres grupos focales para obtener información sobre la VG durante la capacitación médica; y (2) cuantitativa, donde la información se incorporó al instrumento y se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas. Resultados 1,645 residentes médicos (MR) completaron el instrumento. El análisis factorial exploratorio condujo a un modelo final de dos factores compuesto por 31 reactivos que explicaron el 74.9% de la varianza. Los factores fueron etiquetados como discriminación de género (factor 1) y violencia sexual (factor 2); ambos demostraron una alta consistencia interna con el alfa de Cronbach (factor 1: .987; factor 2: .935). Discusión y conclusión SGEVRA es un instrumento breve, válido y confiable para evaluar GV en MR.

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Resumen Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares de una encuesta realizada a psicólogos(as), para conocer las herramientas de evaluación que utilizan en el ámbito jurídico en el contexto local. Se realiza un primer sondeo de la utilización de instrumentos de evaluación en Uruguay, articulando con la experiencia de los sistemas de evaluación utilizados a nivel internacional basados en la evidencia y su eventual incorporación al sistema uruguayo. Metodología: se realizó a través de una encuesta difundida a nivel nacional, por medio de correo electrónico y redes sociales, dirigida a los profesionales egresados de la carrera de Psicología en universidades uruguayas, con la colaboración de instituciones públicas y privadas vinculadas al ejercicio. Resultados: Se evidencia una mayoritaria utilización de técnicas de tipo proyectivas y escasa administración de instrumentos específicos de valoración de riesgo de conducta violenta y reincidencia por los participantes. Conclusiones: se cuestiona la necesidad de revisión de los estándares de calidad científica en relación con los métodos de evaluación de las personas en conflicto con la ley en tanto se observa la ausencia de protocolos formales, accesibles y específicos que guíen los procedimientos de evaluación en el campo de la Psicología Jurídica respaldándose en la evidencia empírica.

Abstract Objective: this work presents the preliminary results of a survey conducted to psychologists to know the evaluation tools that they use in the juridical sphere in the local context. A first poll of the using of evaluation instruments in Uruguay was performed, articulating with the experience of the evaluation systems used at international level based on the evidence and its eventual incorporation to the Uruguayan system. Methodology: it was carried out through a survey released at national level, by means of email and social networks, addressed to the professionals graduated from the Psychology career in Uruguayan universities, with the collaboration of public and private institutions linked to the exercise. Results: there is evidence of a majority use of projective techniques and scarce management of specific instruments of risk assessment of the violent conduct and recidivism by the participants. Conclusions: it is questioned the need of revision of the standards of scientific quality regarding to the evaluation methods of the people in conflict with the law while it is observed the absence of formal, accessible and specific protocols that guide the procedures of evaluation in the field of the Juridical Psychology relying on empirical evidence.

Resumo Objetivo: este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares duma enquete realizada a psicólogos(as), para conhecer as ferramentas de avaliação que utilizam no âmbito jurídico no contexto local. Realiza-se uma primeira sondagem da utilização de instrumentos de avaliação no Uruguai, articulando com a experiência dos sistemas de avaliação utilizados a nível internacional baseados na evidência e a sua eventual incorporação ao sistema uruguaio. Metodologia: realizou-se através de uma enquete difundida a nível nacional, por meio de correio electrónico e redes sociais, dirigida aos profissionais egressos do curso de Psicologia em universidades uruguaias, com a colaboração de instituições públicas e privadas vinculadas ao exercício. Resultados: evidencia-se uma majoritária utilização de técnicas de tipo projetivas e escassa administração de instrumentos específicos de valoração de risco de conduta violenta e reincidência pelos participantes. Conclusões: questionase a necessidade de revisão dos padrões de qualidade científica em relação aos métodos de avaliação das pessoas em conflito com a lei enquanto se observa a ausência de protocolos formais, accessíveis e específicos que guiem os procedimentos de avaliação no campo da Psicologia Jurídica se respaldando na evidência empírica.

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Os sintomas depressivos em crianças podem ser sutis e variados. Este estudo investigou sintomas depressivos em crianças institucionalizadas para a adoção, comparando-as com crianças não institucionalizadas, utilizando para isso o método de Rorschach Sistema Compreensivo e o CDI. Participaram do estudo 84 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 11 anos. Para a análise de dados foram utilizados: o teste t de student, a correlação de Pearson e o d de Cohen. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças institucionalizadas se mostraram com mais baixa autoestima, problemas afetivos, ideações suicidas, dificuldade escolar e dificuldade na relação com o outro quando comparadas com as crianças não institucionalizadas. Esses dados sugerem uma possível síndrome depressiva, sendo aconselhável a investigação clínica mais aprofundada para providenciar diagnóstico e tratamento, especialmente nas crianças institucionalizadas. Além disso, foram observadas associações entre as variáveis do Rorschach e CDI. Implicações desses achados e sugestões de pesquisas futuras são apresentadas ao final.

Depressive symptoms in children can be subtle and varied. This study investigated depressive symptoms in institutionalized children for adoption, comparing them with non-institutionalized children, using the Rorschach method Comprehensive System and CDI. Fifty male and female children took part in this study. These children were between seven and eleven years old. For the analysis of data, it was used: Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and Cohen's d. The results revealed that the institutionalized children showed lower self-esteem, affective problems, suicidal ideation, school difficulties and impairments in the relationship with the other when compared to non-institutionalized children. These data suggest a possible depressive syndrome, and the further clinical investigation is advisable to provide diagnosis and treatment, especially to institutionalized children. In addition, associations were found between the variables of the Rorschach and CDI. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are presented at the end.

Los síntomas depresivos en los niños pueden ser sutiles y variados. Este estudio investigó síntomas depresivos en niños institucionalizados para la adopción, comparándolos con niños no institucionalizados, utilizando para ello el método de Rorschach Sistema Comprensivo y el CDI. En el estudio participaron 84 niños, con edades entre 7 y 11 años. Para el análisis de datos se utilizaron: la prueba t de student, la correlación de Pearson y el d de Cohen. Los resultados revelaron que los niños institucionalizados se mostraron con más baja autoestima, problemas afectivos, ideaciones suicidas, dificultad escolar y dificultad en la relación con el otro en comparación con los niños no institucionalizados. Estos datos sugieren un posible síndrome depresivo, siendo aconsejable la investigación clínica más profunda para proporcionar diagnóstico y tratamiento, especialmente en los niños institucionalizados. Además, se observaron asociaciones entre las variables de Rorschach y CDI. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos y sugerencias de investigaciones futuras se presentan al final.

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RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os instrumentos validados e relacionados ao o consumo de drogas em adolescentes. Método: revisão integrativa que incluiu estudos sobre a elaboração e validação ou avaliação das propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos para a análise do consumo de drogas por adolescentes nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Busca realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, COCHRANE e Web of Science. Para tal, cruzaram-se os descritores "Estudos de Validação", "Estudos de validação como assunto", "adolescente" e "transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas". Foram resgatados 743 artigos e após o processo de seleção e análise do rigor metodológico, um total de 11 compuseram esta revisão. A coleta de dados foi realizada com auxílio de instrumento validado e os resultados foram categorizados com base nos objetivos dos testes. Resultados: identificaram-se dez instrumentos: cinco questionários, um inventário e quatro escalas. Os instrumentos abordaram o risco, uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas e questões relativas ao tratamento. Dois apresentaram maior confiabilidade: ASTEQ-COUNSELOR e o DCI-A-SF. Conclusão: foram sumarizadas informações sobre dez instrumentos validados e voltados para o consumo de drogas em adolescentes. Estes permitem a mensuração e a identificação do consumo de drogas e de aspectos relacionados ao tratamento para problemas decorrentes do uso dessas substâncias. Duas ferramentas foram tidas como as mais confiáveis por apresentaram melhores valores de alfa para os itens individualmente e em conjunto, ASTEQ-COUNSELOR e o DCI-A-SF. Dispor de instrumentos de mensuração confiáveis auxilia a pesquisa e a práxis do enfermeiro.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los instrumentos validados y relacionados con el consumo de drogas en los adolescentes. Método: revisión integrativa que incluyó estudios sobre la elaboración y validación o evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de instrumentos para el análisis del consumo de drogas por adolescentes, en las lenguas portuguesa, inglesa y española. Búsqueda realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, COCHRANE y Web of Science. Para eso, se cruzaron los descriptores "Estudios de Validación", "Estudios de validación como asunto", "adolescente" y "trastornos relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas". Se rescataron 743 artículos y después del proceso de selección y análisis del rigor metodológico se llegó a un total de 11 artículos para esta revisión. La obtención de datos fue realizada con la ayuda del instrumento validado y los resultados fueron categorizados en base a los objetivos de los testes. Resultados: se identificaron diez instrumentos: cinco cuestionarios, un inventario y cuatro escalas. Los instrumentos abordaron el riesgo, uso/abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y asuntos relativos al tratamiento. Dos de ellos presentaron una mayor confiabilidad: ASTEQ-COUNSELOR y el DCI-A-SF. Conclusión: se resumieron informaciones sobre diez instrumentos validados y dirigidos para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes. Éstos permiten la mensuración e identificación del consumo de drogas y de aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento para los problemas decurrentes del uso de tales sustancias. Dos herramientas fueron consideradas como las más confiables por presentar los mejores valores de alfa para los ítems, individualmente y en conjunto, ASTEQ-COUNSELOR y el DCI-A-SF. Disponer de instrumentos de mensuración confiables ayuda en la investigación y praxis del enfermero.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify validated instruments and related to drug use among adolescents. Method: an integrative review that included studies on elaborating and validating or evaluating the psychometric properties of instruments for analysing drug use by adolescents in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, COCHRANE and Web of Science. For this, the descriptors "Validation Studies", "Validation studies as subject", "adolescent" and "disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances" were crossed, resulting in 743 articles retrieved, with a total of 11 composing this review after the selection process and analysis of methodological rigor were performed. The data collection was performed using a validated instrument and the results were categorized based on the objectives of the tests. Results: ten instruments were identified: five questionnaires, one inventory and four scales. The instruments addressed the risk, use/abuse of psychoactive substances and treatment issues. Two showed greater reliability: ASTEQ-COUNSELOR and the DCI-A-SF. Conclusion: information on ten validated instruments was summarized focused on adolescent drug use. These instruments enable measuring and identifying drug use and treatment-related aspects for problems arising from using these substances. Two instruments were considered to be the most reliable because they presented better alpha values for the items individually and together; the ASTEQ-COUNSELOR and the DCI-A-SF. The availability of reliable measurement instruments assists nursing research and praxis.

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RESUMO Objetivo: construir e determinar as características psicométricas da escala de práticas e comportamentos das equipes na gestão do risco de queda dos idosos institucionalizados. Método: a escala foi desenhada com base na revisão da literatura e na observação do trabalho das equipes numa instituição de longa permanência para idosos. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo e a verificação do índice de concordância dos 14 itens iniciais por nove juízes. A escala foi aplicada a uma amostra de 152 cuidadores de seis instituições de longa permanência para idosos. A investigação respeitou os princípios éticos. Garantiu-se o anonimato e a confidencialidade dos dados. Resultados: após a determinação das caraterísticas psicométricas, verificámos que a escala, unidimensional, ficou constituída por seis itens, com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,918, pontua entre 6 e 30 pontos. A análise dos resultados permite constatar que a informação sobre os fatores de risco e a discussão em equipe sobre as medidas preventivas nem sempre são mantidas, possibilitando que elementos diferentes da equipe possam valorizar medidas diferentes, o que não garante a continuidade de cuidados e a individualização das medidas face ao risco avaliado. Conclusão: a escala tem boas características psicométricas, podendo ser usada na investigação e na prática clínica para avaliar as práticas e os comportamentos das equipes na gestão do risco de queda em idosos institucionalizados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y determinar las características psicométricas de la escala de prácticas y comportamientos de los equipos en la gestión del riesgo de caída de los ancianos institucionalizados. Método: la escala fue diseñada con base en la revisión de la literatura y en la observación del trabajo de los equipos en una institución de larga permanencia para adultos mayores. Se realizó el análisis de contenido y la verificación del índice de concordancia de los 14 ítems iniciales por nueve jueces. La escala fue aplicada a una muestra de 152 cuidadores de seis instituciones de larga permanencia para adultos mayores. La investigación respetó los principios éticos. Se ha garantizado el anonimato y la confidencialidad de los datos. Resultados: después de la determinación de las características psicométricas, verificamos que la escala, unidimensional, quedó constituida por seis ítems, con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,918, puntualiza entre 6 y 30 puntos. El análisis de los resultados permite constatar que la información sobre los factores de riesgo y la discusión en equipo sobre las medidas preventivas no siempre se mantienen, posibilitando que elementos diferentes del equipo puedan valorar medidas diferentes, lo que no garantiza la continuidad de cuidados y la individualización de las medidas frente al riesgo evaluado. Conclusión: la escala tiene buenas características psicométricas, pudiendo ser usada en la investigación y en la práctica clínica para evaluar las prácticas y los comportamientos de los equipos en la gestión del riesgo de caída en ancianos institucionalizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: determine and elaborate the psychometric characteristics of nursing team practices and develop a behavior scale for fall risk management in institutionalized elderly people. Method: the scale was designed based on a literature review and observation of the work of the teams in a long-term care institution for the elderly. The content of the scale was analyzed and the concordance index of the 14 initial items was checked by nine experts. The scale was applied to a sample of 152 caregivers from six long-term care institutions for the elderly. The research conformed to ethical principles. The anonymity of the participants and the confidentiality of the data were ensured. Results: after the determination of the psychometric characteristics, it was observed that the unidimensional scale had six items, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.918 and a score ranging from 6 to 30 points. Analysis of the results revealed that information about risk factors and team discussions regarding preventive measures are not always present, allowing specific team members to value different measures, which impairs continuity of the care and individualization of the measures before the assessed risk. Conclusion: the scale shows suitable psychometric features and can be used in investigation and clinical practice to assess the practices and behaviors of nursing teams in fall risk management in institutionalized elderly patients.

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This study aimed to obtain validity evidences of a teamwork performance scale. Team performance was understood as a meso-level characteristic, resulting of an emerging process. Due to that understanding the proposed instrument should take that aspect into consideration. The empirical data were collected from 276 Ecuadorian teachers organized in 70 educational teams. They answered nine sentences of the scale. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed a unifactorial solution explaining 65.84% of the variance. The measure also has adequate values of reliability (Cronbach Alpha = .93). In addition to these analyses, patterns of variance within and between the groups were verified. The results showed that the variance at the individual level was small when answers of team members were analyzed and was significant when teams were compared. We consider it is important that additional studies be performed in order to identify stability of the factor solution.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e verificar evidências de validade de uma medida que permita aferir o desempenho de equipes de trabalho. O desempenho foi entendido como atributo do nível meso, portanto, relativo às equipes, que surge mediante um processo de emersão e, desse modo, a medida deve considerar essa especificidade. Para a realização empírica da pesquisa contou-se com respostas de 276 professores equatorianos organizados em 70 equipes pedagógicas, que responderam a nove afirmativas presentes no instrumento. Os resultados de análise fatorial exploratória mostraram a solução unifatorial como a mais satisfatória, a qual captura 65,84% da variância do fenômeno e possui valores adequados de confiabilidade (alpha de Cronbach de 0,93). Análises de padrões de variância dentro e entre grupos revelaram que a medida permite capturar um fenômeno do nível meso. Recomenda-se a realização de outras pesquisas que verifiquem a estabilidade desta solução.

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y verificar evidencias de validez de una medida que permita la medición del rendimiento de equipos de trabajo. El rendimiento fue entendido como un atributo del nivel meso, o sea, relativo a los equipos, que surge mediante un proceso de emersión, y de ese modo la medida propuesta debería llevar en consideración ese aspecto. Para la realización empírica de la investigación se contó con las respuestas dadas por 276 profesores ecuatorianos organizados en 70 equipos pedagógicos, que respondieron a nueve afirmativas contenidas en el instrumento. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio mostraron la solución unifactorial como la más satisfactoria que capturó 65,84% de la varianza del fenómeno y posee valores adecuados de confiabilidad (alpha de Cronbach de 0,93). Análisis de patrones de varianza dentro y entre grupos revelaron que la medida permite capturar un fenómeno del nivel meso. Por fin, se recomienda la realización de otras investigaciones que verifiquen la estabilidad de esta solución.

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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um instrumento para avaliar pensamentos negativos a respeito da carreira. O estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de 848 participantes com idade entre 18 e 25 anos (M = 24,97; DP = 5,22), dos quais 456 pertenciam ao sexo feminino (55,1%). A medida foi construída a partir de material oriundo de outras escalas disponíveis e de entrevistas. A versão final da EPNC proporcionou indicadores de validade e confiabilidade favoráveis ao seu uso, apresentando estrutura fatorial de quatro fatores: Ansiedade e Insegurança de Decisão (AID; ω = 0,91), Pessimismo de carreira (PC; ω = 0.86), Pessimismo de Mercado (PM; ω = 0,78) e Custos para o Sucesso (CS; ω = 0,85).

This research aimed to develop an instrument to assess negative thoughts about the career. The study was performed on a sample of 848 participants aged 18 to 25 (M = 24.97, SD = 5.22), with 456 women (55.1%). The measure was elaborated from other available scales and interviews. The final version of the EPNC presented indicators of validity and reliability favorable to its use, with factorial structure divided into four factors, namely: Anxiety and Decision Insecurity (AID, ω = 0.91), Career pessimism (PC, ω = 0.86), Market Pessimism (PM, ω = 0.78) and Costs for success (CS, ω = 0.85).

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo el desarrollo un instrumento para evaluar pensamientos negativos respecto a la carrera. El estudio se realizó en una muestra de 848 participantes con edades entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 24.97, SD = 5.22), siendo que 456 eran mujeres (5.1%). La medida fue construida a partir del material de otras escalas disponibles y entrevistas. La versión final del EPNC presentó indicadores de validez y confiabilidad favorables para su uso, con estructura factorial dividida en cuatro factores, a saber: Ansiedad e Inseguridad de Decisión (AID; ω = 0.91), Pesimismo de carrera (PC; ω = 0.86), Pesimismo de Mercado (PM; ω = 0.78), y los Costos para el éxito (CS; ω = 0.85).

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