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Objective To compare patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under spinal anesthesia and single femoral nerve block (FNB) with subjects undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia and periarticular infiltration (PAI). Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing primary TKA were randomized into two groups. Group 1 included patients undergoing surgery under FNB associated with spinal anesthesia, while group 2 included patients undergoing TKA under IPA and spinal anesthesia. The assessment of these subjects in the early postoperative period included pain, active flexion, active extension, elevation of the extended limb, and morphine use. Results There was no significant difference in the types of analgesia concerning pain, the elevation of the extended limb, and morphine use. Active flexion and extension were better in the PAI group ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 respectively). Conclusion We conclude that the techniques are similar regarding pain control, limb elevation, and morphine use. The use of IPA provided better active flexion and extension during the hospital stay compared to single FNB in patients undergoing TKA.

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Objective Evaluate the results of the implementation of the Fast Track Protocol (FTP), a medical practice based on scientific evidence, for elective total hip arthroplasty surgery, mainly comparing the National Average Hospital Admission Rate of 7.1 days. Methods 98 patients who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty surgery via the direct anterior approach, anterolateral approach and posterior approach were included in the FTP from December 2018 to March 2020, being followed up preoperatively, intraoperatively and immediately postoperatively. Results The average length of hospital stay was 2.8 days, being 2.1 days for the direct anterior approach, 3.0 days for the anterolateral access approach and 4.1 days for the posterior access approach. The average surgery time was 90 minutes, 19 (19.39%) of the patients were referred to the ICU in the postoperative period, however, none of them underwent surgery using the direct anterior approach. We had no cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PTE) or neurological injury, 19 (19.39%) patients had postoperative bleeding requiring dressing change, 4 (4.08%) needed blood transfusion, 2 (2.04%) patients had implant instability, 1 (1.02%) patient had a fracture during surgery and 1 (1.02%) patient died of cardiac complications. Conclusion FTP may be a viable alternative to reduce the length of stay and immediate postoperative complications for elective total hip arthroplasty surgery decreasing the length of stay of patients by 2 to 3 times when compared to the national average of 7.1 days.

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Objective : To compare the function and muscle strength of the limb between patients undergoing knee arthroplasties using primary implants with posterior stabilization (control group) and patients with rotating hinge implants (Hinge group). Methods : Function assessment was performed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) and muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer using a speed of 60°/s. Results : 43 patients were analyzed, who underwent 51 surgeries, with the Hinge group comprising 25 surgeries and the control group comprising 26 primary surgeries. We did not observe significant differences between the Hinge and control groups in the values of functional KSS (p = 0.54), objective KSS (p = 0.91), peak flexor torque (p = 0.25) and peak extensor torque (p = 0.08). Patients in the Hinge group who underwent primary arthroplasties had a higher peak flexor torque (0.76 Nm/kg) than those who used the implant in revision after septic failure (0.33 Nm/kg) (p < 0.05). The constrained implant was indicated in arthroplasty revision surgeries with severe ligament instability and in cases of complex primary arthroplasties with bone destruction or severe coronal deformity in the coronal plane. Conclusion : The use of constrained implants enables joint function and muscle strength comparable to patients who underwent primary arthroplasty using conventional implants with posterior stabilization. Patients undergoing septic revision with a rotating Hinge prosthesis exhibit lower flexor muscle strength compared to those undergoing primary arthroplasty with a constrained implant.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS. CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway.

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Abstract Objective To compare patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under spinal anesthesia and single femoral nerve block (FNB) with subjects undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia and periarticular infiltration (PAI). Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing primary TKA were randomized into two groups. Group 1 included patients undergoing surgery under FNB associated with spinal anesthesia, while group 2 included patients undergoing TKA under IPA and spinal anesthesia. The assessment of these subjects in the early postoperative period included pain, active flexion, active extension, elevation of the extended limb, and morphine use. Results There was no significant difference in the types of analgesia concerning pain, the elevation of the extended limb, and morphine use. Active flexion and extension were better in the PAI group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 respectively). Conclusion We conclude that the techniques are similar regarding pain control, limb elevation, and morphine use. The use of IPA provided better active flexion and extension during the hospital stay compared to single FNB in patients undergoing TKA.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) sob raquianestesia e bloqueio do nervo femoral (BNF) único e comparar com pacientes que submetidos a ATJ sob raquianestesia e infiltração periarticular (IPA). Materiais e Métodos Um total de 100 pacientes submetidos a ATJ foram randomizados em dois grupos. O grupo 1 incluiu pacientes submetidos a ATJ sob BNF associado à raquianestesia, ao passo que o grupo 2 incluiu pacientes submetidos a ATJ sob IPA associada à raquianestesia. Os indivíduos foram avaliados no pós-operatório precoce quanto à dor, à flexão e extensão ativas, à elevação do membro estendido e ao uso de morfina. Resultados Não se observou diferença significativa associada ao tipo de analgesia em relação à dor, à elevação do membro em extensão e ao consumo de morfina. Houve melhor flexão e extensão ativas no grupo que recebeu IPA (p = 0,04 e p = 0,02, respectivamente). Conclusão Concluímos que as técnicas utilizadas são semelhantes quanto ao controle da dor, à elevação de membro e ao uso de morfina. O uso de IPA proporcionou uma melhor flexão e extensão ativas durante o período de internação hospitalar comparado ao uso de BNF único em pacientes submetidos a ATJ.

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Abstract Objective Evaluate the results of the implementation of the Fast Track Protocol (FTP), a medical practice based on scientific evidence, for elective total hip arthroplasty surgery, mainly comparing the National Average Hospital Admission Rate of 7.1 days. Methods 98 patients who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty surgery via the direct anterior approach, anterolateral approach and posterior approach were included in the FTP from December 2018 to March 2020, being followed up preoperatively, intraoperatively and immediately postoperatively. Results The average length of hospital stay was 2.8 days, being 2.1 days for the direct anterior approach, 3.0 days for the anterolateral access approach and 4.1 days for the posterior access approach. The average surgery time was 90 minutes, 19 (19.39%) of the patients were referred to the ICU in the postoperative period, however, none of them underwent surgery using the direct anterior approach. We had no cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PTE) or neurological injury, 19 (19.39%) patients had postoperative bleeding requiring dressing change, 4 (4.08%) needed blood transfusion, 2 (2.04%) patients had implant instability, 1 (1.02%) patient had a fracture during surgery and 1 (1.02%) patient died of cardiac complications. Conclusion FTP may be a viable alternative to reduce the length of stay and immediate postoperative complications for elective total hip arthroplasty surgery decreasing the length of stay of patients by 2 to 3 times when compared to the national average of 7.1 days.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados da implantação do Protocolo de Recuperação Rápida (PRR), prática médica baseada em evidências científicas, para cirurgia eletiva de artroplastia total do quadril principalmente comparando à Taxa Média de Internação Hospitalar nacional de 7.1 dias. Métodos 98 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia eletiva de artroplastia total do quadril pela via direta anterior, via anterolateral e via posterior foram incluídos no PRR no período de dezembro de 2018 a março de 2020 sendo acompanhados no pré-operatório, intraoperatório e pós-operatório imediato. Resultados a Taxa Média de Permanência Hospitalar foi de 2,8 dias, sendo 2,1 dias para a Via de Acesso Anterior, 3,0 dias para via de acesso anterolateral e 4,1 dias para via de acesso posterior. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 90 minutos, 19 (19,39%) dos pacientes foram encaminhados à UTI no pós-operatório, no entanto nenhum deles operado pela via direta anterior. Não tivemos casos de trombose venosa profunda (TVP), embolia pulmonar (TEP) ou lesão neurológica, 19 (19,39%) pacientes tiveram sangramento pós-operatório com necessidade de troca de curativo, 4 (4,08%) necessidade de transfusão sanguínea, 2 (2,04%) pacientes apresentaram instabilidade do implante, 1(1,02%) paciente teve fratura durante a cirurgia e 1(1,02%) paciente faleceu por complicações cardíacas. Conclusão O PRR pode ser uma alternativa viável para diminuir o tempo de internação e as complicações pós-operatórias imediatas para a cirurgia eletiva de artroplastia total do quadril diminuindo 2 a 3 vezes o tempo de internação dos pacientes quando comparado com a média nacional de 7,1 dias.

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Abstract Objective: To compare the function and muscle strength of the limb between patients undergoing knee arthroplasties using primary implants with posterior stabilization (control group) and patients with rotating hinge implants (Hinge group). Methods: Function assessment was performed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) and muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer using a speed of 60°/s. Results: 43 patients were analyzed, who underwent 51 surgeries, with the Hinge group comprising 25 surgeries and the control group comprising 26 primary surgeries. We did not observe significant differences between the Hinge and control groups in the values of functional KSS (p = 0.54), objective KSS (p = 0.91), peak flexor torque (p = 0.25) and peak extensor torque (p = 0.08). Patients in the Hinge group who underwent primary arthroplasties had a higher peak flexor torque (0.76 Nm/kg) than those who used the implant in revision after septic failure (0.33 Nm/kg) (p <0.05). The constrained implant was indicated in arthroplasty revision surgeries with severe ligament instability and in cases of complex primary arthroplasties with bone destruction or severe coronal deformity in the coronal plane. Conclusion: The use of constrained implants enables joint function and muscle strength comparable to patients who underwent primary arthroplasty using conventional implants with posterior stabilization. Patients undergoing septic revision with a rotating Hinge prosthesis exhibit lower flexor muscle strength compared to those undergoing primary arthroplasty with a constrained implant.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a função e a força muscular do membro entre pacientes submetidos a artroplastias do joelho que utilizaram implantes primários com estabilização posterior (grupo controle) e pacientes com implantes constritos rotatórios (grupo Hinge). Métodos: A avaliação da função foi feita por meio do Knee Society Score (KSS) e da força muscular por um dinamômetro isocinético utilizando a velocidade de 60°/s. Resultados: Foram analisados 43 pacientes, que realizaram 51 cirurgias, sendo o grupo Hinge composto por 25 cirurgias e o grupo controle por 26 cirurgias primárias. Não observamos diferenças significativas entre os grupos Hinge e controle nos valores do KSS funcional (p = 0,54), KSS objetivo (p = 0,91), pico de torque flexor (p = 0,25) e pico de torque extensor (p =0,08). Os pacientes do grupo Hinge que realizaram artro-plastias primárias apresentaram um pico de torque flexor maior (0,76 Nm/kg) que aqueles que utilizaram o implante em revisão após falha séptica (0,33 Nm/kg) (p < 0,05). O implante constrito foi indicado em cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia com instabilidade ligamentar grave e em casos de artroplastias primárias complexas com destruição óssea ou deformidade coronal grave no plano coronal. Conclusão: O uso de implantes bloqueados possibilita função articular e força muscular comparáveis a dos pacientes que realizaram artroplastia primária utilizando implantes convencionais com estabilização posterior. Pacientes submetidos à revisão séptica com prótese Hinge rotatória apresentam menor força da musculatura flexora em relação àqueles submetidos a artroplastia primária com implante constrito.

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Objective This study assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of serological tests, synovial fluid markers, microbiological tissue culture, and histopathological examination of the periprosthetic membrane in diagnosing periprosthetic knee infection. Methods This study is prospective, and it includes patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty revision surgery from November 2019 to December 2021. The analysis consisted of serological tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], and D-dimer), synovial fluid markers (leukocyte and polymorphonuclear cell counts), periprosthetic tissue culture, and histopathological examination of the periprosthetic membrane of all patients. Results Sixty-two patients had periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) according to the 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria (infection group), while 22 subjects had no infection. ESR sensitivity and specificity were 83.6% and 45.4%, respectively. CRP sensitivity and specificity were 64.5% and 100%, whereas D-dimer sensitivity and specificity were 78.9% and 25%, respectively. Leukocyte count sensitivity and specificity were 75.6% and 100%, polymorphonuclear cell count sensitivity and specificity were 33% and 100%, respectively. Periprosthetic tissue culture sensitivity and specificity culture were, respectively, 77.4% and 100%. Histopathological examination sensitivity and specificity were 43.7% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions In our study, the total blood cell count in synovial fluid and microbiological cultures of periprosthetic tissues were the most accurate tests for PJI diagnosis. In contrast, polymorphonuclear cell percentage was the least accurate test for PJI diagnosis.

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Introduction: In México, many patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are obese, which has medical and financial consequences. The functional outcomes and the incidence of complications of these patients remain uncertain due to the inconsistency between studies. Objective: To determine the association between obesity, complications and functional results of patients undergoing TKA. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective, observational, cohort study in which patients who underwent TKA between September 1, 2021, and August 30, 2022, were studied. Patients were divided by their body mass index (BMI) in < 30kg/m2 and > 30kg/m2 and their demographic characteristics, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and incidence of complications were compared. Results: Out of the 102 patients, 59 presented a BMI < 30 kg/m2 and 43 a BMI > 30 kg/m2. No difference was found in their postoperative OKS (p = 0.12) and delta OKS (p = 0.07). A significant increase in trans-surgical (p = 0.02) and post-surgical (p = 0.04) complications was found in the group with BMI > 30 kg/m2, presenting a risk 5.03 times higher. Conclusion: A BMI > 30kg/m2 does not affect the functional results after a TKA; however, it is associated with a risk 5.03 times higher of suffering complications during and after surgical intervention.

Introducción: en México un gran número de pacientes sometidos a artroplastía total de rodilla (ATR) padecen obesidad, situación que genera grandes implicaciones médicas y financieras. Los resultados funcionales y la incidencia de complicaciones de estos pacientes permanecen inciertos debido a la gran incongruencia entre los diferentes estudios. Objetivos: determinar la asociación entre obesidad, complicaciones y resultados funcionales de los pacientes sometidos a una ATR. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, observacional, de cohorte en el que se estudiaron los pacientes a los que se les realizó una ATR primaria entre el 1 de septiembre de 2021 y el 30 de agosto de 2022. Se dividió a los pacientes con base en su índice de masa corporal (IMC) en < 30kg/m2 y > 30 kg/m2 y se compararon según sus características demográficas, el Oxford Knee Score (OKS) y la incidencia de complicaciones. Resultados: de los 102 pacientes, 59 presentaron un IMC < 30 kg/m2 y 43 un IMC>30kg/m2. No se encontró diferencia significativa en el OKS postquirúrgico (p = 0.12) y el OKS delta (p = 0.07); sin embargo, sí se encontró un aumento significativo en las complicaciones transquirúrgicas (p = 0.02) y postquirúrgicas (p = 0.04) en el grupo de IMC > 30 kg/m2, pues presentó un riesgo 5.03 veces mayor. Conclusión: un IMC > 30 kg/m2 no afecta los resultados funcionales posteriores a una ATR; sin embargo, sí se asocia con un riesgo 5.03 veces mayor de sufrir complicaciones durante y después de la intervención quirúrgica.

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Objective: To identify blood transfusion requirements and postoperative complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with no tourniquet and intraoperative intravenous administration of tranexamic acid. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 49 preopeative and postoperative medical records of patients undergoing TKA. A paired t-test compared changes in hemoglobin (HB) and packed cell volume (PCV), and an independent t-test with Welch correction compared HB and PCV changes between genders. A Spearman correlation test determined associations between age and days of postoperative hospitalization with HB and PCV changes. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Results: The patients' mean age was 71.9 ± 6.7 years; most subjects were women (73.5%). The right side (59.2%) was the most affected. Only one participant required a blood transfusion, while three subjects had complications during the postoperative follow-up. No patient had a thromboembolic event. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.0). There were reductions in HB and PCV levels between the pre-operative and postoperative period, and female patients had a higher HB reduction. Conclusion: TKA with tranexamic acid and no tourniquet did not cause significant postoperative complications or require blood transfusions.

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Objective This study evaluated and compared the tibial component migration in cemented and uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with no hydroxyapatite coating 2, 5, and 10 years after surgery. Methods This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) based on PubMed and MeSH database queries from June to July 2022. Results The meta-analysis included eight randomized clinical studies evaluating 668 knees undergoing TKA. The maximum total point motion (MTPM) in cemented TKAs was higher in 5 years, with a mean value of 0.67 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.87). Uncemented TKAs also presented higher mean MTPM in 5 years (1 mm; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.22). Uncemented coated ATKs had a higher mean MTPM in 10 years (1.30 mm; 95% CI, 0.70 to 2.39). MTPM was statistically similar in the short- and long-term for cemented and uncemented techniques, with a standardized mean difference of -0.65 (95% CI, -1.65 to 0.35). Conclusion Tibial component migration in TKA was statistically similar at 2, 5, and 10 years in cemented and uncemented techniques, either with or without coating. However, due to the scarce literature, further studies are required with a longer follow-up time.

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Abstract Objective: To identify blood transfusion requirements and postoperative complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with no tourniquet and intraoperative intravenous administration of tranexamic acid. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 49 preopeative and postoperative medical records of patients undergoing TKA. A paired t-test compared changes in hemoglobin (HB) and packed cell volume (PCV), and an independent t-test with Welch correction compared HB and PCV changes between genders. A Spearman correlation test determined associations between age and days of postoperative hospitalization with HB and PCV changes. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Results: The patients' mean age was 71.9 ± 6.7 years; most subjects were women (73.5%). The right side (59.2%) was the most affected. Only one participant required a blood transfusion, while three subjects had complications during the postoperative follow-up. No patient had a thromboembolic event. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.0). There were reductions in HB and PCV levels between the pre-operative and postoperative period, and female patients had a higher HB reduction. Conclusion: TKA with tranexamic acid and no tourniquet did not cause significant postoperative complications or require blood transfusions.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a necessidade de transfusão sanguínea e intercorrências inerentes ao pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de joelho (ATJ), a partir de manejos realizados sem o uso de torniquete e com administração de ácido tranexâmico endovenoso intra-operatório. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, a partir da observação de 49 prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidos à ATJ em pré e pós-operatório. Foi utilizado o teste t pareado para fazer comparações das modificações de hemoglobina (HB) e hematócrito (HT) e o teste t independente com correção de Welch para comparar as modificações de HB e HT entre os sexos. As associações de idade e dias de internação no pós-operatório com as modificações de HB e HT foram testadas pela correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram idade média de 71,9 ± 6,7 anos. A maioria da amostra foi composta por mulheres (73,5%) e o lado direito (59,2%) foi o mais acometido. Apenas um participante necessitou de transfusão de sangue e três participantes apresentaram intercorrências durante o seguimento pós-operatório. Nenhum paciente apresentou evento tromboembólico. A mediana da duração da internação no pós-operatório foi de dois dias (IIQ= 1,0). Verificaram-se reduções nas dosagens de HB e HT entre o pré e pós-operatório, e pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior redução de HB. Conclusão: ATJ com uso de ácido tranexâmico e sem uso de torniquete não acarretou complicações pós-operatórias ou necessidade de transfusão sanguínea significativas.

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Abstract Objective This study evaluated and compared the tibial component migration in cemented and uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with no hydroxyapatite coating 2, 5, and 10 years after surgery. Methods This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) based on PubMed and MeSH database queries from June to July 2022. Results The meta-analysis included eight randomized clinical studies evaluating 668 knees undergoing TKA. The maximum total point motion (MTPM) in cemented TKAs was higher in 5 years, with a mean value of 0.67 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.87). Uncemented TKAs also presented higher mean MTPM in 5 years (1 mm; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.22). Uncemented coated ATKs had a higher mean MTPM in 10 years (1.30 mm; 95% CI, 0.70 to 2.39). MTPM was statistically similar in the short- and long-term for cemented and uncemented techniques, with a standardized mean difference of -0.65 (95% CI, -1.65 to 0.35). Conclusion Tibial component migration in TKA was statistically similar at 2, 5, and 10 years in cemented and uncemented techniques, either with or without coating. However, due to the scarce literature, further studies are required with a longer follow-up time.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e comparar a migração obtida pelo componente tibial na Artroplastia Total de Joelho (ATJ) cimentada, não cimentada sem revestimento e não cimentada com revestimento de hidroxapatita aos 2, 5 e 10 anos pós operatório. Métodos Esta metanálise foi conduzida de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foi realizada busca a partir das bases de dados PubMed e MeSH no período de junho a julho de 2022. Resultados Oito ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos. Um total de 668 joelhos submetidos a ATJ foram avaliados. Observou-se que a média de Maximun Total Point Motion (MTPM) nas ATJ cimentada foi maior em experimentos com cinco anos com média de 0,67 mm (IC95% - 0,52 a 0,87), as ATJ não cimentadas com revestimento de hidroxapatita também obtiveram maior média neste período (1mm; IC95% - 0,82 a 1,22). Em ATJ não cimentada sem revestimento o maior MTPM médio ocorreu no período de 10 anos (1,30mm; IC95% - 0,70 a 2,39). O MTPM foi estatisticamente semelhante no curto e longo prazo ao comparar as técnicas cimentada e não cimentada, com diferença média padronizada -0,65 (IC95%, -1,65 a 0,35). Conclusão A migração obtida pelo componente tibial na artroplastia total de joelho (ATJ) foi estatisticamente semelhante em 2, 5 e 10 anos ao comparar as técnicas cimentada e não cimentada (com e sem revestimento). Entretanto, devido ao pequeno número de artigos existentes, são necessários mais estudos clínicos sobre tais técnicas e com maior tempo de acompanhamento.

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Objective To assess the risk factors involving longer hospital stays and early postoperative complications (first 30 days after surgery) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with collection of data of patients who underwent TKA in a private hospital between 2015 and 2019. The following data were collected: age, gender, body mass index, and clinical comorbidities. We also collected intraoperative data such as the grade on the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the duration of the surgery, the length of stay, the postoperative complications, and readmission within 30 days. Statistical models were used to investigate the possible risk factors associated with longer hospital stays and postoperative complications. Results There was evidence of an increase in the length of hospital stay in older patients, with higher grades on the ASA classification or who suffered postoperative complications. For each increase in 1 year of age, we expect the length of stay to be multiplied by 1.008 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.004 to 1.012; p < 0,001). In patients who were ASA grade III, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.297 (95%CI: 1.083 to 1.554; p = 0,005) when compared with grade-I patients. In patients who suffered postoperative complications, the time is expected to be multiplied by 1.505 (95%CI: 1.332 to 1.700; p < 0.001) compared with patients without complications. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that, in patients who underwent primary TKA, preoperative characteristics such as older age and ASA grade ≥ III, as well as the development of postoperative complications, independently predict the increase in the length of hospital stay.

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Objectives This study aims to analyze the safety of a simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) and to investigate patients' satisfaction with the procedure performed concomitantly. Methods In a prospective study, we evaluated 45 patients undergoing SBTKA performed by two surgical teams. The mean age of the patients was 66.9 years; 33 subjects were female (73.3%) and 12 (26.6%) were male. We followed a protocol of intra- and postoperatively measures to ensure the safety of this procedure. We evaluated the surgery time and blood loss by hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels on the first postoperative day, the percentage of patients who received a transfusion of packed red blood cells, and the number of required units. We also recorded perioperative complications, and, at the end of 3 months, we asked patients about their preference between the simultaneous or staged procedure. Results The mean surgery time was 169 minutes. In the postoperative period, there was an average decrease of 28.2% in Htc and 27.0% in Hgb. A total of 16 patients (35.5%) received a transfusion of packed red blood cells (mean, 1.75 units per patient requiring a transfusion). There were 12 minor complications (26.6%) and 2 major complications (4.4%); furthermore, no patient had a clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, and there were no deaths. Conclusions: The SBTKA procedure may be considered safe if performed in selected patients and with a care protocol to prevent complications. This type of procedure was unanimously approved by patients.

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Objective We studied the microbiological profile of periprosthetic knee infections treated in a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Methods The study included all patients undergoing revision surgery for total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) between November 2019 and December 2021, with a diagnosis of periprosthetic infection confirmed per the 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria. Results Sixty-two patients had a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) per the 2018 ICM criteria. Cultures were monomicrobial in 79% and polymicrobial in 21% of cases. The most frequent bacterium in microbiological tissue and synovial fluid cultures was Staphylococcus aureus , observed in 26% of PJI patients. Periprosthetic joint infection with negative cultures occurred in 23% of patients. Conclusion Our results show the following: i) a high prevalence of Staphylococcus as an etiological agent for knee PJI; ii) a high incidence of polymicrobial infections in early infections; iii) the occurrence of PJI with negative cultures in approximately one fourth of the subjects.

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Objective: Compare the results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using a mobile platform and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with isolated medial osteoarthritis. Methods: Retrospectivecross-sectional study. Preoperative radiographs of 602 patientswho underwent knee arthroplastybetween February 2017 and February 2020 were evaluated. Isolated medial osteoarthritis was found in 125 patients. Of these, 57 underwent UKA and 68 TKA. With chart analysis and telephone interviews, we compared patients' clinical outcomes and degree of satisfaction. The statistical analysis used a confidence level of 5%. Results: The group of UKA patients obtained 65.8% of favorable results against 79.1% of those undergoing TKA in the function questionnaire (p<0.0001). The complication rate was statistically similar between the groups(p>0.5). Most patients were satisfied or very satisfied in both groups (88.6% of UKA and 91.2% of TKA) (p>0.999). Conclusion: Patients submitted to UKA or TKA have presented the same degree of satisfaction and rate of postoperative complications when comparing patients with isolated medial osteoarthritis. UKA patients had less favorable results onthe clinical functional questionnaire than patients undergoing total arthroplasty. Level Of Evidence III;Retrospective Study.

Objetivo: Comparar os resultados da artroplastia unicompartimental do joelho (UKA) medial com plataforma móvel e artroplastia total do joelho (TKA) em pacientes com osteoartrose medial isolada. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo. Foram avaliadas radiografias pré-operatórias de 602 pacientes submetidos à artroplastia de joelho entre fevereiro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2020. A osteoartrose medial isolada foi encontrada em 125 pacientes, destes em 57 haviam sido submetidos a UKA e 68 TKA. Com análise de prontuários e entrevistas telefônicas comparamos os resultados clínicos e o grau de satisfação dos pacientes. A análise estatística utilizou nível de confiança de 5%. Resultados: O grupo de pacientes com UKA obteve 65,8% de resultados favoráveis contra 79,1% daqueles submetidos à TKA no questionário de função (p<0,0001). A taxa de complicações foi estatisticamente semelhante entre os grupos (p>0,5). A maioria dos pacientes estava satisfeita ou muito satisfeita em ambos os grupos (88,6% de UKA e 91,2% de TKA) (p>0,999). Conclusão: Pacientes submetidos a UKA ou TKA apresentaram o mesmo grau de satisfação e taxa de complicações pós-operatórias quando comparados pacientes com osteoartrite medial isolada. Os pacientes da UKA apresentaram resultados menos favoráveis ao questionário clínico funcional do que os pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo.

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Objective The objective of this work is to compare blood loss during primary knee arthroplasty with the use of intravenous and intraarticular (IV + IA) tranexamic acid versus intraarticular (IA) tranexamic acid alone. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Patients with indication for primary total knee arthroplasty were recruited in a specialized clinic, where they were operated by the same surgeon, always using the same surgical technique. Thirty patients were allocated in the IV + IA tranexamic acid group and 30 patients in the IA tranexamic acid group, according to randomization. Blood loss was compared through hemoglobin, hematocrit, drain volume, and blood loss estimation (Gross and Nadler calculus). Results After collection, data from 40 patients were analyzed, 22 in the IA group and 18 in the IV + IA group. There were 20 losses due to collection error. Between groups IA and IV + IA, there were no significant differences in 24 hours between hemoglobin levels (10.56 vs. 10.65 g/dL; F 1.39 = 0.63, p = 0.429), erythrocyte (3.63 vs. 3.73 million/mm 3 ; F 1.39 = 0.90, p = 0.346); hematocrit (32.14 vs. 32.60%; F 1.39 = 1.39, p = 0.240); drainage volume (197.0 vs. 173.6 mL; F 1.39 = 3.38 p = 0.069); and estimated blood loss (1,002.5 vs. 980.1; F 1.39 = 0.09, p = 0.770). The same occurred in comparisons conducted after 48 hours postoperatively. Time was a significant factor for the change of all outcome variables. However, the treatment did not modify the effect of time on these outcomes. No individual presented any thromboembolic event during the work period. Conclusions The use of IV + IA tranexamic acid showed no advantage in reducing blood loss when compared to the use of IA tranexamic acid alone in primary knee arthroplasties. This technique proved to be safe, since no thromboembolic event occurred during the development of the work.

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Abstract Objective The objective of this work is to compare blood loss during primary knee arthroplasty with the use of intravenous and intraarticular (IV + IA) tranexamic acid versus intraarticular (IA) tranexamic acid alone. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Patients with indication for primary total knee arthroplasty were recruited in a specialized clinic, where they were operated by the same surgeon, always using the same surgical technique. Thirty patients were allocated in the IV + IA tranexamic acid group and 30 patients in the IA tranexamic acid group, according to randomization. Blood loss was compared through hemoglobin, hematocrit, drain volume, and blood loss estimation (Gross and Nadler calculus). Results After collection, data from 40 patients were analyzed, 22 in the IA group and 18 in the IV +IA group. There were 20 losses due to collection error. Between groups IA and IV + IA, there were no significant differences in 24 hours between hemoglobin levels (10.56 vs. 10.65 g/dL; F1.39 = 0.63, p =0.429), erythrocyte (3.63 vs. 3.73 million/mm³; F1.39 = 0.90, p = 0.346); hematocrit (32.14 vs. 32.60%; F1.39 = 1.39, p = 0.240); drainage volume (197.0 vs. 173.6 mL; F1.39 = 3.38 p = 0.069); and estimated blood loss (1,002.5 vs. 980.1; F1.39 =0.09, p = 0.770). The same occurred in comparisons conducted after 48 hours postoperatively. Time was a significant factor for the change of all outcome variables. However, the treatment did not modify the effect of time on these outcomes. No individual presented any thromboembolic event during the work period. Conclusions The use of IV + IA tranexamic acid showed no advantage in reducing blood loss when compared to the use of IA tranexamic acid alone in primary knee arthroplasties. This technique proved to be safe, since no thromboembolic event occurred during the development of the work.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo desse trabalho é comparar a perda sanguínea durante a artroplastia primária de joelho, com a utilização do ácido tranexâmico endovenoso e intra-articular (EV + IA) versus intra-articular (IA) isolado. Métodos Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego. Pacientes com indicação de artroplastia total primária de joelho foram captados em clínica especializada, onde foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, utilizando sempre a mesma técnica cirúrgica. Trinta pacientes foram alocados no grupo ácido tranexâmico EV + IA e 30 pacientes, no grupo IA, conforme randomização. Foi comparada a perda sanguínea através dos níveis de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume do dreno e estimativa da perda sanguínea (EBL) (cálculo de Gross e Nadler). Resultados Após a coleta, foram analisados os dados de 40 pacientes, sendo 22 do grupo IA isolado e 18 do grupo EV + IA. Ocorreram 20 perdas por erro de coleta. Entre os grupos IA e EV + IA, não ocorreram diferenças significativas em 24 horas entre os níveis de hemoglobina (10,56 vs. 10,65 g/dL; F1,39 =0,63, p = 0,429), eritrócito (3,63 vs. 3,73 milhões/mm3; F1,39 = 0,90, p =0,346), hematócrito (32,14 vs. 32,60%; F1,39 = 1,39; p=0,240), volume de dreno (197,0 vs. 173,6 mL; F1,39 = 3,38; p =0,069) e estimativa de perda sanguínea (EBL) (1.002,5 vs. 980,1; F1,39 = 0,09; p =0,770). O mesmo ocorreu nas comparações realizadas 48 horas pós-operatório. O tempo foi fator significativo para a mudança de todas as variáveis de desfecho. Porém, o tratamento não modificou o efeito do tempo nesses desfechos. Nenhum indivíduo apresentou qualquer evento tromboembólico durante o período do trabalho. Conclusões O uso do ácido tranexâmico EV + IA não demonstrou vantagem em redução de perda sanguínea quando comparado ao uso de ácido tranexâmico IA isolado nas artroplastias primárias de joelho. Esta técnica demonstrou-se segura, visto que nenhum evento trombo-embólico ocorreu durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho.

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Objective To compare the measurement of patellar height in the pre- and postoperative period of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and its variation in patients with and without patellar replacement. Methods Retrospective evaluation of radiographs of patients submitted to TKA between 2014 and 2020. Profile radiographs were evaluated using the modified Caton-Deschamps patellar height index, comparing the pre- and postoperative measurements of 90 patients, with a total of 100 knees. Next, two groups were compared with a different surgical technique, considering the replacement or not of the patella. All patients who had x-rays evaluated had indication of TKA by osteoarthrosis without previous procedures that could interfere at patellar height. Results The statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference, with the preoperative index superior to the postoperative rate, evidencing an overall decrease in patellar height. The Caton-Deschamps index modified for mean preoperative TKA was 1.41 (±0.25), and it was 1.31 (± 0.25), p < 0.001for postoperative TKA. No significant difference was found in the variation of this index when comparing the groups with and without patellar replacement. The mean difference of the index in the group without patella was 0.11, and 0.08 in the group with patella, and this difference was considered nonsignificant, p = 0.510. Conclusion We can conclude that patellar height had significant variation in the total group, with reduction of patellar height in the postoperative period. However, the height did not vary significantly between the postoperative groups with and without patellar replacement, regardless of the choice of the surgeon.