RESUMO
ABSTRACT The use of herbal tea with Artemisia annua by travelers and traditional communities in Africa has increased in recent years as a supposed form of malaria prophylaxis, although its use is not recommended due to lack of efficacy. The risk of severe malaria complications that can lead to death is real regarding said behavior, and awareness needs to be raised. We report a case of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria imported in the Amazon rainforest by a traveler returning from Cameroon who treated himself with Artemisia annua herbal tea.
RESUMO
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is usually administrated to establish models of inflammation. Artesunate (ART), a water-soluble artemisinin derivative, displays multiple pharmacological actions against tumors, viral infections, and inflammation, and has been used as a therapeutic weapon against malaria. In this study, our aim was to evaluate whether ART pretreatment is capable of preventing inflammation induced by LPS. BALB/c mice were treated with 100 mg/kg of ART i.p. for 7 days followed by a single dose of LPS. ART pretreatment led to an improvement in clinical score, prevented alterations in biochemical markers, and reestablished the platelet counts. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ART protected the inflammation mainly by reducing the percentage of M1 macrophages while increasing M2 macrophages and a reestablishment of classical monocytes in the BM. In the spleen, ART pretreatment increased N2 neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells, the latter was also increased in peripheral blood. In addition, a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed in the ART treated group. Our data suggest that ART prevents inflammation, reducing tissue damage and restoring homeostasis.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Artesunato/farmacologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Células Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Células Mieloides/imunologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
Nanoparticles are known bio elicitors in plant biotechnology. Different concentrations of ZnO, CuO and CoO nanoparticles were used for the enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in the callus derived from root, shoot and leaf of Artemisia annua L. Biomass of callus was somehow affected on high concentrations of Nps. Phenolic content was observed maximum (60µg) in shoot callus at 0.1mg/l of CuONps. Total antioxidant activity was observed maximum (33µg) in root callus at 0.1mg/l of ZnOnps. Total reducing power maximum (33µg) was observed in root callus at concentration of 0.05 mg/l of CoONps. Maximum radical scavenging activity was observed in shoot callus at 0.05mg/l of ZnONps. Rutin gallic acid and caffic acid were also determined in most of the samples by HPLC. The study concludes that different Nps have positive effect on the induction of secondary metabolites in A.annua plant.(AU)
Nanopartículas são bio-elicitores conhecidos em biotecnologia de plantas. Diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas de ZnO, CuO e CoO foram usadas para o acúmulo aumentado de metabólitos secundários e atividades antioxidantes no calo derivado da raiz, parte aérea e folha de Artemisiaannua L. A biomassa do calo foi de alguma forma afetada em altas concentrações de Nps. O conteúdo fenólico foi observado no máximo (60 µg) no calo da parte aérea a 0,1 mg / l de CuONps. A atividade antioxidante total foi observada no máximo (33µg) no calo radicular a 0,1mg / l de ZnOnps. O poder de redução total máximo (33µg) foi observado no calo radicular na concentração de 0,05 mg / l de CoONps. Atividade máxima de eliminação de radicais foi observada no calo da parte aérea a 0,05mg / l de ZnONps. O ácido rutina-gálico e o ácido caffic também foram determinados na maioria das amostras por HPLC. O estudo conclui que diferentes Nps têm efeito positivo na indução de metabólitos secundários na planta de A.annua.(AU)
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Antioxidantes , Biotecnologia , Artemisia annuaRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected parasitic infections of the world and current therapeutic options show several limitations. In the search for more effective drugs, plant compounds represent a powerful natural source. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Artemisia annua L. leaves, from which dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) and artesunic acid (AA)/artesunate are examples of active derivatives. These lactones have been applied successfully on malaria therapy for decades. Herein, we investigated the sensitivity of Leishmania braziliensis, one of the most prevalent Leishmania species that cause cutaneous manifestations in the New World, to artemisinin, DQHS, and AA. L. braziliensis promastigotes and the stage that is targeted for therapy, intracelular amastigotes, were more sensitive to DQHS, showing EC50 of 62.3 ± 1.8 and 8.9 ± 0.9 µM, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays showed that 50% of bone marrow-derived macrophages cultures were inhibited with 292.8 ± 3.8 µM of artemisinin, 236.2 ± 4.0 µM of DQHS, and 396.8 ± 6.7 µM of AA. The control of intracellular infection may not be essentially attributed to the production of nitric oxide. However, direct effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics and H2O2 production appear to be associated with the leishmanicidal effect of DQHS. Our data provide support for further studies of artemisinin and derivatives repositioning for experimental leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Artemisininas/farmacologia , Leishmania braziliensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/parasitologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Succinatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Qinghaosu, known as artemisinin (ARS), has been for over two millennia, one of the most common herbs prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). ARS was developed as an antimalarial drug and currently belongs to the established standard treatments of malaria as a combination therapy worldwide. In addition to the antimalarial bioactivity of ARS, anticancer activities have been shown both in vitro and in vivo. Like other natural products, ARS acts in a multi-specific manner also against hematological malignancies. The chemical structure of ARS is a sesquiterpene lactone, which contains an endoperoxide bridge essential for activity. The main mechanism of action of ARS and its derivatives (artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether) toward leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma cells comprises oxidative stress response, inhibition of proliferation, induction of various types of cell death as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and signal transducers, as NF-κB, MYC, amongst others. Therefore, new pharmaceutically active compounds, dimers, trimers, and hybrid molecules, could enhance the existing therapeutic alternatives in combating hematologic malignancies. Owing to the high potency and good tolerance without side effects of ARS-type drugs, combination therapies with standard chemotherapies could be applied in the future after further clinical trials in hematological malignancies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Artemisininas/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/química , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Artemisininas/efeitos adversos , Artemisininas/química , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , HumanosRESUMO
Nanoparticles are known bio elicitors in plant biotechnology. Different concentrations of ZnO, CuO and CoO nanoparticles were used for the enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in the callus derived from root, shoot and leaf of Artemisia annua L. Biomass of callus was somehow affected on high concentrations of Nps. Phenolic content was observed maximum (60µg) in shoot callus at 0.1mg/l of CuONps. Total antioxidant activity was observed maximum (33µg) in root callus at 0.1mg/l of ZnOnps. Total reducing power maximum (33µg) was observed in root callus at concentration of 0.05 mg/l of CoONps. Maximum radical scavenging activity was observed in shoot callus at 0.05mg/l of ZnONps. Rutin gallic acid and caffic acid were also determined in most of the samples by HPLC. The study concludes that different Nps have positive effect on the induction of secondary metabolites in A.annua plant.
Nanopartículas são bio-elicitores conhecidos em biotecnologia de plantas. Diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas de ZnO, CuO e CoO foram usadas para o acúmulo aumentado de metabólitos secundários e atividades antioxidantes no calo derivado da raiz, parte aérea e folha de Artemisiaannua L. A biomassa do calo foi de alguma forma afetada em altas concentrações de Nps. O conteúdo fenólico foi observado no máximo (60 µg) no calo da parte aérea a 0,1 mg / l de CuONps. A atividade antioxidante total foi observada no máximo (33µg) no calo radicular a 0,1mg / l de ZnOnps. O poder de redução total máximo (33µg) foi observado no calo radicular na concentração de 0,05 mg / l de CoONps. Atividade máxima de eliminação de radicais foi observada no calo da parte aérea a 0,05mg / l de ZnONps. O ácido rutina-gálico e o ácido caffic também foram determinados na maioria das amostras por HPLC. O estudo conclui que diferentes Nps têm efeito positivo na indução de metabólitos secundários na planta de A.annua.
Assuntos
Artemisia annua , Nanopartículas , Fenóis , Folhas de Planta , AntioxidantesRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: Blue and yellow light affected metabolism and the morphology. Blue and red promote the DOXP/MEP pathway. ADS gene expression was increased in plants cultivated under blue, promoting artemisinin content. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the most effective treatment for highly lethal malaria. Artemisinin is produced in small quantities in the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua L. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of light quality in A. annua cultivated in vitro under different light qualities, considering anatomical and morphological changes, the volatile composition, artemisinin content and the expression of two key enzymes for artemisinin biosynthesis. Yellow light is related to the increase in the number of glandular trichomes and this seemed to positively affect the molecular diversity in A. annua. Yellow light-stimulated glandular trichome frequency without triggered area enhancement, whereas blue light stimulated both parameters. Blue light enhanced the thickness of the leaf epidermis. The B-promoting effect was due to increased cell size and not to increased cell numbers. Green and yellow light positively influenced the volatile diversity in the plantlets. Nevertheless, blue and red light seemed to promote the DOXP/MEP pathway, while red light stimulates MVA pathway. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene expression was significantly increased in plants cultivated under blue light, and not red light, promoting artemisinin content. Our results showed that light quality, more specifically blue and yellow light, positively affected secondary metabolism and the morphology of plantlets. It seemed that steps prior to the last one in the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway could be strongly influenced by blue light. Our work provides an alternative method to increase the amount of artemisinin production in A. annua without the use of transgenic plants, by the employment of blue light.
Assuntos
Artemisia annua/metabolismo , Artemisininas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Artemisininas/isolamento & purificação , Vias Biossintéticas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Luz , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Metabolismo Secundário , Tricomas/metabolismoRESUMO
Abstract Nanoparticles are known bio elicitors in plant biotechnology. Different concentrations of ZnO, CuO and CoO nanoparticles were used for the enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in the callus derived from root, shoot and leaf of Artemisia annua L. Biomass of callus was somehow affected on high concentrations of Nps. Phenolic content was observed maximum (60µg) in shoot callus at 0.1mg/l of CuONps. Total antioxidant activity was observed maximum (33µg) in root callus at 0.1mg/l of ZnOnps. Total reducing power maximum (33µg) was observed in root callus at concentration of 0.05 mg/l of CoONps. Maximum radical scavenging activity was observed in shoot callus at 0.05mg/l of ZnONps. Rutin gallic acid and caffic acid were also determined in most of the samples by HPLC. The study concludes that different Nps have positive effect on the induction of secondary metabolites in A.annua plant.
Resumo Nanopartículas são bio-elicitores conhecidos em biotecnologia de plantas. Diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas de ZnO, CuO e CoO foram usadas para o acúmulo aumentado de metabólitos secundários e atividades antioxidantes no calo derivado da raiz, parte aérea e folha de Artemisiaannua L. A biomassa do calo foi de alguma forma afetada em altas concentrações de Nps. O conteúdo fenólico foi observado no máximo (60 µg) no calo da parte aérea a 0,1 mg / l de CuONps. A atividade antioxidante total foi observada no máximo (33µg) no calo radicular a 0,1mg / l de ZnOnps. O poder de redução total máximo (33µg) foi observado no calo radicular na concentração de 0,05 mg / l de CoONps. Atividade máxima de eliminação de radicais foi observada no calo da parte aérea a 0,05mg / l de ZnONps. O ácido rutina-gálico e o ácido caffic também foram determinados na maioria das amostras por HPLC. O estudo conclui que diferentes Nps têm efeito positivo na indução de metabólitos secundários na planta de A.annua.
RESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Artemisia (Artemisia annua) supplementation as essential oil and powder, in broiler diet on performance and intestinal microflora. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500 broiler chicks assigned to three experimental groups (six replicates with 10 broilers per replicate) were housed in an environment-controlled house. Compared to the control diet, the experimental diets included 0.05 g kg-1 Artemisia essential oil (E1), 0.05 g kg-1 essential oil plus 0.1 g kg-1 powder of Artemisia (E2), respectively. Growth performance was monitored throughout days 14-42. Artemisia supplementation (E1, E2) did not influence growth performance of the chicks. Compared to the C and E1, the chicks from E2 group had a lower count of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal and caecal content, both at 35 and at 42 days. The Artemisia supplements did not influence the staphylococci populations from the intestinal content of the chicks (42 days), but in the caecal content samples, this count was lower in E2 (8.836 log10 cfu g-1) than in C (8.876 log10 cfu g-1) and E1 (8.870 log10 cfu g-1). The count of lactobacilli increased in the intestinal and caecal contents of chickens fed the diet supplemented with Artemisia at the 35th and 42nd day. Diet supplementation with A. annua essential oil and powder could be an effective solution in maintaining the proper microflora balance in the chicks intestine.
Assuntos
Animais , Artemisia annua/química , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Microbioma GastrointestinalRESUMO
Artemisia annua L. is a widely distributed medicinal plant and well-known for treating malaria due to the artemisinin content. We previously found enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented A. annua dried leaves in vitro. The present study compared the effects of the dietary supplementation of L. plantarum, fermented (FA) or non-fermented (NFA) A. annua on laying performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and egg yolk oxidative stability during storage in 40-weeks-old Hy-Line Brown layers. In total, 180 layers were randomly allocated into four treatments for 6 weeks: basal diet (CON), basal diet + 0.5% L. plantarum only (LO), basal diet + 0.5% NFA, and basal diet + 0.5% FA. Each treatment comprised five replicates with nine birds each. Egg weight of NFA and FA groups were significantly higher as compared with the CON and LO groups (p 0.01). The FA group displayed higher Haugh unit (HU) compared with the NFA group (p 0.05). Eggshell color of the FA group was significantly increased compared with the other groups (p 0.01). There was no significant difference in triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and VLDL+LDL cholesterol among the different groups. During egg storage, the HU of FA groups was significantly increased as compared with the CON group after 3 weeks storage (p 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the stored eggs was significantly lowered by feeding of FA as compared with the CON and LO groups (p 0.05). Altogether, the fermented A. annua displayed positive effects in promoting egg quality of layers.
Assuntos
Animais , Artemisia/microbiologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais/microbiologia , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Artemisia (Artemisia annua) supplementation as essential oil and powder, in broiler diet on performance and intestinal microflora. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500 broiler chicks assigned to three experimental groups (six replicates with 10 broilers per replicate) were housed in an environment-controlled house. Compared to the control diet, the experimental diets included 0.05 g kg-1 Artemisia essential oil (E1), 0.05 g kg-1 essential oil plus 0.1 g kg-1 powder of Artemisia (E2), respectively. Growth performance was monitored throughout days 14-42. Artemisia supplementation (E1, E2) did not influence growth performance of the chicks. Compared to the C and E1, the chicks from E2 group had a lower count of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal and caecal content, both at 35 and at 42 days. The Artemisia supplements did not influence the staphylococci populations from the intestinal content of the chicks (42 days), but in the caecal content samples, this count was lower in E2 (8.836 log10 cfu g-1) than in C (8.876 log10 cfu g-1) and E1 (8.870 log10 cfu g-1). The count of lactobacilli increased in the intestinal and caecal contents of chickens fed the diet supplemented with Artemisia at the 35th and 42nd day. Diet supplementation with A. annua essential oil and powder could be an effective solution in maintaining the proper microflora balance in the chicks intestine.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Artemisia annua/química , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Microbioma GastrointestinalRESUMO
Artemisia annua L. is a widely distributed medicinal plant and well-known for treating malaria due to the artemisinin content. We previously found enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented A. annua dried leaves in vitro. The present study compared the effects of the dietary supplementation of L. plantarum, fermented (FA) or non-fermented (NFA) A. annua on laying performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and egg yolk oxidative stability during storage in 40-weeks-old Hy-Line Brown layers. In total, 180 layers were randomly allocated into four treatments for 6 weeks: basal diet (CON), basal diet + 0.5% L. plantarum only (LO), basal diet + 0.5% NFA, and basal diet + 0.5% FA. Each treatment comprised five replicates with nine birds each. Egg weight of NFA and FA groups were significantly higher as compared with the CON and LO groups (p 0.01). The FA group displayed higher Haugh unit (HU) compared with the NFA group (p 0.05). Eggshell color of the FA group was significantly increased compared with the other groups (p 0.01). There was no significant difference in triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and VLDL+LDL cholesterol among the different groups. During egg storage, the HU of FA groups was significantly increased as compared with the CON group after 3 weeks storage (p 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the stored eggs was significantly lowered by feeding of FA as compared with the CON and LO groups (p 0.05). Altogether, the fermented A. annua displayed positive effects in promoting egg quality of layers.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais/microbiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Artemisia/microbiologia , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismoRESUMO
The 21 days feeding trial was conducted on 90, Cobb 500 broilers (aged 14 days), assigned to 3 groups (C, E1 and E2) housed in an experimental hall at 32° C constant temperature and 23 h light regimen. During the growth period (14-35 days), the conventional diet (C) had corn and soybean meal as basic ingredients. Unlike the conventional diet formulation (C), the diet formulations for the experimental groups also included 0.005% Artemisia annua oil (E1) and 0.005% Artemisia annua oil plus 1% Artemisia annua powder (E2). Six broilers per group were slaughtered at 35 days of age in order to measure the weight of the carcass and internal organs of broilers, and samples of intestinal and caecal content were collected for bacteriological assessment (Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, staphylococci, Lactobacilli, Salmonella spp.).The following parameters were monitored during the experimental period: bodyweight (g); average daily feed intake (g feed/broiler/day); average daily weight gain (g/broiler/day); feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain). Under heat stress (32 ºC), E2 broilers (mixture of A. annua oil and powder) had a significantly (p 0.05) higher average of daily feed intake than the broilers receiving the C diet or the diet supplemented just with A. annua oil (E1). Both samples of intestinal and caecal content, showed the lowest count (p 0.05) of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and staphylococcus colony forming units in E2 broilers. Diet with A. annua oil and powder provided proper conditions for lactic acid bacteria proliferation in the intestine and caecum of heat stressed broilers.
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Aditivos Alimentares/efeitos adversos , Artemisia annua/efeitos adversos , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ração Animal , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterináriaRESUMO
The 21 days feeding trial was conducted on 90, Cobb 500 broilers (aged 14 days), assigned to 3 groups (C, E1 and E2) housed in an experimental hall at 32° C constant temperature and 23 h light regimen. During the growth period (14-35 days), the conventional diet (C) had corn and soybean meal as basic ingredients. Unlike the conventional diet formulation (C), the diet formulations for the experimental groups also included 0.005% Artemisia annua oil (E1) and 0.005% Artemisia annua oil plus 1% Artemisia annua powder (E2). Six broilers per group were slaughtered at 35 days of age in order to measure the weight of the carcass and internal organs of broilers, and samples of intestinal and caecal content were collected for bacteriological assessment (Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, staphylococci, Lactobacilli, Salmonella spp.).The following parameters were monitored during the experimental period: bodyweight (g); average daily feed intake (g feed/broiler/day); average daily weight gain (g/broiler/day); feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain). Under heat stress (32 ºC), E2 broilers (mixture of A. annua oil and powder) had a significantly (p 0.05) higher average of daily feed intake than the broilers receiving the C diet or the diet supplemented just with A. annua oil (E1). Both samples of intestinal and caecal content, showed the lowest count (p 0.05) of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and staphylococcus colony forming units in E2 broilers. Diet with A. annua oil and powder provided proper conditions for lactic acid bacteria proliferation in the intestine and caecum of heat stressed broilers.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Artemisia annua/efeitos adversos , Aditivos Alimentares/efeitos adversos , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ração Animal , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The current drugs for CL may be effective but have serious side effects; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. Although plant-derived materials are used for the treatment of various diseases in 80% of the global population, the validation of these products is essential. Gelatin capsules containing dried Artemisia annua leaf powder were recently developed as a new herbal formulation (totum) for the oral treatment of malaria and other parasitic diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the usefulness of A. annua gel capsules in CL. METHODS: The antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of A. annua L. capsules was determined via in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a preliminary evaluation of its therapeutic potential as antileishmanial treatment in humans was conducted in 2 patients with uncomplicated CL. RESULTS: Artemisia annua capsules showed moderate in vitro activity in amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis; no cytotoxicity in U-937 macrophages or genotoxicity in human lymphocytes was observed. Five of 6 (83.3%) hamsters treated with A. annua capsules (500mg/kg/day) for 30 days were cured, and the 2 examined patients were cured 45 days after initiation of treatment with 30g of A. annua capsules, without any adverse reactions. Both patients remained disease-free 26 and 24 months after treatment completion. CONCLUSION: Capsules of A. annua L. represent an effective treatment for uncomplicated CL, although further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Artemisia annua/química , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Cricetinae , Resultado do Tratamento , Folhas de Planta/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract Nanoparticles are known bio elicitors in plant biotechnology. Different concentrations of ZnO, CuO and CoO nanoparticles were used for the enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in the callus derived from root, shoot and leaf of Artemisia annua L. Biomass of callus was somehow affected on high concentrations of Nps. Phenolic content was observed maximum (60µg) in shoot callus at 0.1mg/l of CuONps. Total antioxidant activity was observed maximum (33µg) in root callus at 0.1mg/l of ZnOnps. Total reducing power maximum (33µg) was observed in root callus at concentration of 0.05 mg/l of CoONps. Maximum radical scavenging activity was observed in shoot callus at 0.05mg/l of ZnONps. Rutin gallic acid and caffic acid were also determined in most of the samples by HPLC. The study concludes that different Nps have positive effect on the induction of secondary metabolites in A.annua plant.
Resumo Nanopartículas são bio-elicitores conhecidos em biotecnologia de plantas. Diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas de ZnO, CuO e CoO foram usadas para o acúmulo aumentado de metabólitos secundários e atividades antioxidantes no calo derivado da raiz, parte aérea e folha de Artemisiaannua L. A biomassa do calo foi de alguma forma afetada em altas concentrações de Nps. O conteúdo fenólico foi observado no máximo (60 µg) no calo da parte aérea a 0,1 mg / l de CuONps. A atividade antioxidante total foi observada no máximo (33µg) no calo radicular a 0,1mg / l de ZnOnps. O poder de redução total máximo (33µg) foi observado no calo radicular na concentração de 0,05 mg / l de CoONps. Atividade máxima de eliminação de radicais foi observada no calo da parte aérea a 0,05mg / l de ZnONps. O ácido rutina-gálico e o ácido caffic também foram determinados na maioria das amostras por HPLC. O estudo conclui que diferentes Nps têm efeito positivo na indução de metabólitos secundários na planta de A.annua.
RESUMO
Artemisia annua is used as a source of artemisinin, a potent therapeutic agent used for the treatment of infectious diseases, chiefly malaria. However, the low concentration (from 0.01 to 1.4% of dried leaf matter) of artemisinin in the plant obtained with the traditional cropping system makes it a relatively expensive drug, especially in developing countries. Considering that artemisinin and silicon (Si) are both stored in A. annua glandular trichomes, and that Si accumulation has never been investigated, this study aimed to look into Si effects on A. annua trichome artemisinin concentration, and whether leaf infusion from Si-treated A. annua plants is able to control Toxoplasma gondii growth. T. gondii is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease whose traditional treatment shows significant side effects. The experimental design consisted of A. annua seedlings randomly planted in soil treated with different doses of calcium/magnesium silicate (0, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg ha-1). Analysis of foliar macronutrients showed significant increases of nitrogen content only at the highest dose of silicate. Foliar micronutrients, Si concentrations, and plant height were not affected by any of the silicate doses. However, the dose of 400 kg ha-1 of silicate increased the trichome size, which in turn raised artemisinin concentration in leaves and the infusion. In contrast, the 800 and 1600 kg ha-1 doses dramatically decreased artemisinin concentration. HeLa cell treatment with the infusion of A. annua grown in soil treated with 400 kg ha-1 of silicate decreased parasite proliferation in a dose-dependent manner when the treatment was carried out after or along with T. gondii infection. However, this effect was similar to A. annua grown in soil without silicate treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that, even though Si applied to the soil at 400 kg ha-1 has a positive effect on the A. annua glandular trichome size and the artemisinin concentration, this outcome cannot be directly associated with the efficiency of A. annua infusion on T. gondii growth, suggesting that other components from A. annua leaves could be acting in synergy with artemisinin.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do extrato hidroalcoólico de Artemisia annua frente a oocistos de Eimeria sp. em camas contaminadas. O extrato foi produzido com 7 dias de percolação a 4°C, sendo posteriormente realizada a marcha fitoquímica; dosagem de fenóis totais, quantificação de artemisinina, ensaio antioxidante e teste de toxicidade. Para testar a atividade anticoccidiana, camas de aves compostas de cepilho de árvores foram contaminadas com 5000 oocistos. Foram formados quatro tratamentos, em triplicata, nos quais foram usadas diferentes concentrações, sendo G1: 12mg/mL, G2: 8mg/mL, G3: 4mg/mL e C-: água. Após a contaminação, foram aspergidos, 800 mL dos extratos nas diferentes concentrações sobre as camas e coletadas, em triplicatas, 10 cm2 de cada local, aleatoriamente, nos tempos: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, e 72 horas após a aplicação. Nas análises fitoquímicas, foram evidenciados diversos compostos com propriedades antiparasitárias, como flavonoides e taninos. O fitoterápico continha 59,409±1,47μg/dL de artemisinina. O produto na concentração de 12mg.mL-1 apresentou eficácia entre 45,5 e 42,1%. Os resultados dos testes bioquímicos, juntamente com os encontrados no teste anticoccidiano, evidenciaram que o extrato produzido possui alto potencial para combater Eimeria sp...
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia annua against oocysts of Eimeria sp. in contaminated poultry beds. The extract was produced after 7 days of storage at 4°C, which was used to perform the phytochemical screening; the artemisinin measurement; the total phenolic; antioxidant testing and toxicity test. To test the anticoccidial activity, the birds space composed of shaver trees, were contaminated with 5000 oocysts. Four treatment were formed, in triplicate, were used in different concentrations as G1: 12mg/mL, G2:= 9mg/mL, G3: 6mg/mL, and C-: water. After contamination 800 mL of the herbal at different concentrations were sprayed on the bed and collected, in triplicate, 10 cm2 each site, randomly, at times: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after application. In phytochemical analysis, were shown compounds with antiparasitic properties, such as flavonoids and tannins. The herbal contained 59.409±1.47mg/dL artemisinin. The product at a concentration of 12mg.mL-1 showed efficacy from 44.25 to 40.71%. The results of biochemical tests, with the in vitro test showed that the extract has produced high potential for combating Eimeria sp...
Assuntos
Animais , Artemisia annua/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Galliformes/parasitologia , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Resistência a Medicamentos/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/parasitologia , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do extrato hidroalcoólico de Artemisia annua frente a oocistos de Eimeria sp. em camas contaminadas. O extrato foi produzido com 7 dias de percolação a 4°C, sendo posteriormente realizada a marcha fitoquímica; dosagem de fenóis totais, quantificação de artemisinina, ensaio antioxidante e teste de toxicidade. Para testar a atividade anticoccidiana, camas de aves compostas de cepilho de árvores foram contaminadas com 5000 oocistos. Foram formados quatro tratamentos, em triplicata, nos quais foram usadas diferentes concentrações, sendo G1: 12mg/mL, G2: 8mg/mL, G3: 4mg/mL e C-: água. Após a contaminação, foram aspergidos, 800 mL dos extratos nas diferentes concentrações sobre as camas e coletadas, em triplicatas, 10 cm2 de cada local, aleatoriamente, nos tempos: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, e 72 horas após a aplicação. Nas análises fitoquímicas, foram evidenciados diversos compostos com propriedades antiparasitárias, como flavonoides e taninos. O fitoterápico continha 59,409±1,47μg/dL de artemisinina. O produto na concentração de 12mg.mL-1 apresentou eficácia entre 45,5 e 42,1%. Os resultados dos testes bioquímicos, juntamente com os encontrados no teste anticoccidiano, evidenciaram que o extrato produzido possui alto potencial para combater Eimeria sp.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia annua against oocysts of Eimeria sp. in contaminated poultry beds. The extract was produced after 7 days of storage at 4°C, which was used to perform the phytochemical screening; the artemisinin measurement; the total phenolic; antioxidant testing and toxicity test. To test the anticoccidial activity, the birds space composed of shaver trees, were contaminated with 5000 oocysts. Four treatment were formed, in triplicate, were used in different concentrations as G1: 12mg/mL, G2:= 9mg/mL, G3: 6mg/mL, and C-: water. After contamination 800 mL of the herbal at different concentrations were sprayed on the bed and collected, in triplicate, 10 cm2 each site, randomly, at times: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after application. In phytochemical analysis, were shown compounds with antiparasitic properties, such as flavonoids and tannins. The herbal contained 59.409±1.47mg/dL artemisinin. The product at a concentration of 12mg.mL-1 showed efficacy from 44.25 to 40.71%. The results of biochemical tests, with the in vitro test showed that the extract has produced high potential for combating Eimeria sp.
Assuntos
Animais , Artemisia annua/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Galliformes/parasitologia , Fitoterapia/veterinária , Resistência a Medicamentos/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Suplementos Nutricionais/parasitologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do extrato hidroalcoólico de Artemisia annua frente a oocistos de Eimeria sp. em camas contaminadas. O extrato foi produzido com 7 dias de percolação a 4°C, sendo posteriormente realizada a marcha fitoquímica; dosagem de fenóis totais, quantificação de artemisinina, ensaio antioxidante e teste de toxicidade. Para testar a atividade anticoccidiana, camas de aves compostas de cepilho de árvores foram contaminadas com 5000 oocistos. Foram formados quatro tratamentos, em triplicata, nos quais foram usadas diferentes concentrações, sendo G1: 12mg/mL, G2: 8mg/mL, G3: 4mg/mL e C-: água. Após a contaminação, foram aspergidos, 800 mL dos extratos nas diferentes concentrações sobre as camas e coletadas, em triplicatas, 10 cm2 de cada local, aleatoriamente, nos tempos: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, e 72 horas após a aplicação. Nas análises fitoquímicas, foram evidenciados diversos compostos com propriedades antiparasitárias, como flavonoides e taninos. O fitoterápico continha 59,409±1,47μg/dL de artemisinina. O produto na concentração de 12mg.mL-1 apresentou eficácia entre 45,5 e 42,1%. Os resultados dos testes bioquímicos, juntamente com os encontrados no teste anticoccidiano, evidenciaram que o extrato produzido possui alto potencial para combater Eimeria sp.(AU)
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia annua against oocysts of Eimeria sp. in contaminated poultry beds. The extract was produced after 7 days of storage at 4°C, which was used to perform the phytochemical screening; the artemisinin measurement; the total phenolic; antioxidant testing and toxicity test. To test the anticoccidial activity, the birds space composed of shaver trees, were contaminated with 5000 oocysts. Four treatment were formed, in triplicate, were used in different concentrations as G1: 12mg/mL, G2:= 9mg/mL, G3: 6mg/mL, and C-: water. After contamination 800 mL of the herbal at different concentrations were sprayed on the bed and collected, in triplicate, 10 cm2 each site, randomly, at times: 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after application. In phytochemical analysis, were shown compounds with antiparasitic properties, such as flavonoids and tannins. The herbal contained 59.409±1.47mg/dL artemisinin. The product at a concentration of 12mg.mL-1 showed efficacy from 44.25 to 40.71%. The results of biochemical tests, with the in vitro test showed that the extract has produced high potential for combating Eimeria sp.(AU)