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Within the realm of archaeology, the analysis of biomolecules assumes significant importance in elucidating historical dietary patterns and their implications for contemporary contexts. To achieve this, knowledge and tools of both chemistry and archaeology are essential to yield objective outcomes and conduct analyses of archaeological materials for the detection of biomolecules. Usually, only minuscule remnants of ceramic fragments are retrieved from excavations, which limits the feasibility of comprehensive laboratory analysis. This study aimed to establish a protocol for analyzing fatty acids and starch from archaeological food utensils with minimal sample quantities. Various experiments were conducted to replicate preparations that might have occurred in archaeological vessels, aiming to establish the optimal protocol. The analyses were performed using clay griddles, subjecting vegetable oil to varying temperatures for fatty acid assessment. For starch analysis, a series of experiments encompassed diverse forms of potato preparations (pulp, chuño, tortilla, carbonization, and freeze-drying) and maize (flour, tortilla, and carbonization). The verification of the experiments was confirmed by conducting identical analyses, as developed in the current study, on authentic archaeological fragments. The principal outcomes of this investigation include the successful extraction of both types of biomolecules using only 0.25 g of the sample, obtained through direct scraping from the vessel. Soxhlet extraction was identified as the most efficient strategy to recover fatty acids. Additionally, a comprehensive protocol for the identification of starch extraction was developed. This study has, for the first time, elucidated two detailed methodologies for the extraction of fatty acids and starch in scenarios in which researchers can obtain limited quantities of archaeological food utensil fragments.

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Guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) is a Neotropical fruit that is widely consumed around the world. However, its evolutionary history and domestication process are unknown. Here we examine available ecological, taxonomic, genetic, archeological, and historical evidence about guava. Guava needs full sunlight, warm temperatures, and well-distributed rainfall throughout the year to grow, but tolerates drought. Zoochory and anthropochory are the main forms of dispersal. Guava's phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus Psidium are unclear. A group of six species that share several morphological characteristics are tentatively accepted as the Psidium guajava complex. DNA analyses are limited to the characterization of crop genetic diversity within localities and do not account for possible evolutionary and domestication scenarios. A significant amount of archeological information exists, with a greater number and older records in South America than in Mesoamerica, where there are also numerous historical records. From this information, we propose that: (1) the guava ancestor may have originated during the Middle or Late Miocene, and the savannas and semi-deciduous forests of South America formed during the Late Pleistocene would have been the most appropriate ecosystems for its growth, (2) the megafauna were important dispersers for guava, (3) dispersal by humans during the Holocene expanded guava's geographic range, including to the southwestern Amazonian lowlands, (4) where its domestication may have started, and (5) with the European conquest of the Neotropics, accompanied by their domestic animals, new contact routes between previously remote guava populations were established. These proposals could direct future research on the evolutionary and domestication process of guava.

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This study evaluates the potential use of archaeological otoliths of Genidens barbus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) as a tool to study fish behavior and hunter-gatherers procurement strategies on the North Patagonian coast. The studied samples come from the San Antonio archaeological locality dated at ca. 1000-800 14C yr BP (Late Holocene). To assess whether exposure to fire significantly affects the otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios, burned and unburned modern lapilli otoliths have been analyzed by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and no statistically significant differences were found between the results of both treatments. Core-to-edge chemical time series were carried out on ancient otoliths (ca. 1000 14C yr BP) in order to study the fish life history. Three amphidromous patterns were found for ancient samples. The capture environments and seasons inferred by the otolith edge chemistry and marginal increase, respectively, suggest a location in high salinity water (estuary and sea) in summer. Finally, to estimate the size of archaeological fish, a linear regression between total length and otolith length was constructed using 70 modern catfish otoliths. The size variability (358-610 mm) might indicate the use of non-selective capture techniques, probably nets, by hunter-gatherer groups.

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OBJECTIVES: The ancient city of Chichén Itzá in the northern Yucatán of Mexico was one of the most important in the Maya area, but its origins and history are poorly understood. A major question concerns the origins of the peoples who founded and later expanded the ancient city. Hundreds of people were ritually executed and their bodies thrown into the waters of the Sacred Cenote at Chichén. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we use strontium and oxygen isotopes to study the place of origin of a large sample of these individuals. Isotopes are deposited in human tooth enamel. Enamel forms during the first years of life, remains largely unchanged long past death, and can provide a signature of the place of birth. If the isotope ratios in enamel are different from the place of death, the individual must have moved during his/her lifetime. RESULTS: Comparison of our results from the cenote with information on isotope ratios across the Maya region and elsewhere suggests that the individuals in the cenote came from a number of different parts of Mexico and possibly beyond. DISCUSSION: It is not known if all of the sacrificial victims resided in Chichén Itzá, but their suggested origins likely reflect patterns of population movement and social networks that existed between Chichén Itzá and both neighboring and distant regions. Various lines of evidence point to places in the Yucatán, along the Gulf Coast, Central America, or even in the Central Highlands of Mexico.

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Este artigo objetiva analisar as formações discursivas e não discursivas que possibilitaram a abertura de um hospital psiquiátrico na Região do Cariri cearense, entre os anos 1970 e 2016. Propõe o uso dos conceitos foucaultianos de arqueologia e genealogia enquanto método e estratégia de análise. A hipótese de pesquisa defendida é de que a abertura desse hospital faz parte de um processo amplo de instalação de hospitais psiquiátricos no Brasil e aponta para o internamento enquanto lógica massiva de intervenção em Saúde Mental no Brasil, que, embora segregacionista e excludente, se manteve até o final da década de 1980.

This article aims to analyze the discursive and non - discursive formations that allowed the opening of a psychiatric hospital in the Cariri region of Ceará between 1970 and 2016. It proposes the use of the Foucaultian concepts of archeology and genealogy as a method and strategy of analysis. The research hypothesis defended is that the opening of this hospital is part of a wide process of installation of psychiatric hospitals in Brazil, and points to the hospitalization as a massive logic of intervention in Mental Health in Brazil, which, although segregationist and excluding, has remained until the late 1980s.

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar las formaciones discursivas y no discursivas que permitieron la apertura de un hospital psiquiátrico en la Región del Cariri cearense, entre los años de 1970 y 2016. Propone los conceptos de Foucault de arqueología y genealogía mientras método y estrategia de análisis. La hipótesis de investigación defendida es la de que la apertura de este hospital haz parte de un proceso amplio de instalación de hospitales psiquiátricos en Brasil y apunta para el internamiento mientras lógica masiva de intervención en Salud Mental en Brasil, que, aunque segregacionista y excluyente, se mantuvo hasta el final de la década de 1980.

Cet article vise à analyser les formations discursives et non discursives qui ont permis l'ouverture d'un hôpital psychiatrique dans la région du Cariri dans l'état du Ceará entre 1970 et 2016. On utilise les concepts "archéologie" et "généalogie" de Foucault comme méthode et stratégie de l'analyse. Notre hypothèse de recherche est que l'ouverture de cet hôpital fait partie d'un vaste processus d'installation d'hôpitaux psychiatriques au Brésil. Cela suggère que l'hospitalisation a été une logique d'intervention massive en matière de santé mentale au Brésil qui, bien que ségrégationniste et excluant, a demeuré jusqu'à la fin des années 1980.

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This article describes the hidden natural chemical contaminants present in a unique desert environment and their health consequences on ancient populations. Currently, millions of people are affected worldwide by toxic elements such as arsenic. Using data gathered from Atacama Desert mummies, we discuss long-term exposure and biocultural adaptation to toxic elements. The rivers that bring life to the Atacama Desert are paradoxically laden with arsenic and other minerals that are invisible and tasteless. High intake of these toxic elements results in severe health and behavioral problems, and even death. We demonstrate that Inca colonies, from Camarones 9 site, were significantly affected by chemical contaminants in their food and water. It appears however, some modern-day Andean populations resist the elevated levels of arsenic exposure as a result of positive selection mediated via the arsenic methyltransferase enzyme and display more tolerance to high chemical doses. This article further debate the effects of natural pollution and biocultural adaptation of past populations.

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The region of Lagoa Santa, Central-Eastern Brazil, provides an exceptional archeological record about Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene occupation of the Americas. Since the first interventions made by the Danish naturalist Peter Lund in the 19th century, hundreds of human skeletons have been exhumed in the region. These skeletons are complemented by a rich botanic, faunal, technological, and geomorphological archeological record. We explore here the contributions of Lagoa Santa material to the origins and lifestyle of early Americans, providing an historic background. Cranial morphology of Lagoa Santa skeletons allowed the proposition of a model of two biological components for the occupation of the Americas, in which early Americans are morphologically similar to people of African and Australo-Melanesian origin. Furthermore, the archeological record in the region has revealed an intense use of plant resources, a restricted spatial distribution, and the symbolic elaboration of local hunter-gatherers, unveiling a distinct lifestyle compared to early North American populations.

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This data article contains an atlas of paste fabrics and supplemental paste compositional data generated from Late Middle Preclassic-period ceramics at the Maya site of Holtun, Guatemala. The data include maps showing locations of archeological contexts, excavation profiles, photographs and photomicrographs of sherds and paste fabrics, and compositional data produced by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) at the Research Reactor, University of Missouri (MURR). The NAA data include a biplot and table of canonical discriminant analyses, Mahalonobis distance calculations, and Euclidian distance searches between the samples.

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O presente trabalho pretende analisar o cibersexo a partir dos contextos discursivos que o circunscreveram como conceito. Para tanto, partimos da problematização de sua especificidade por meio da análise das definições correntes no âmbito cientifico. Depois, traçamos a arqueologia de sua emergência no campo do saber, em três momentos distintos a partir do levantamento dos discursos veiculados pela mídia e por perióódicos cientificos. Num primeiro momento, analisamos sua irrupção como problemática da identidade que logo assumiu um tom pernicioso marcado pelos discursos midiáticos. Depois, verificamos como o cibersexo passou a ser conjurado pela dimensão jurídica através da perpétua suspeita de crime potencial. Por fim, investigamos sua inserção no âmbito da Psicologia, sobretudo através de discursos patologizantes. Concluímos que o conceito de cibersexo não se esgota nessa estrutura epistemolóógica que não permite contemplar as experiências singulares reveladoras de sua dimensão molecular(AU)

This paper aims to examine cybersex from the discursive context that involves this concept. For this, we start questioning its specificity by analyzing the current definitions in science. We then trace the archeology of its emergence in the field of knowledge in three different moments, based on a survey of the discourses conveyed by the media and scientific journals. First, we analyze how it emerges as a problem of identity and soon becomes a dangerous issue marked by media speeches. Then we verify how cybersex is conjured by the legal dimension through perpetual suspicion of a potential crime. Finally, we investigate its insertion in the scope of Psychology, mainly through a pathologizing discourse. We conclude that the concept of cybersex is not limited to this epistemological framework which does not contemplate the unique experiences that can reveal its molecular dimension(AU)

Este trabajo analiza el objeto cibersexo partindo del contexto discursivo que involucróo el concepto. Para este propóosito, partimos del cuestionamiento de su especificidad mediante el análisis de las definiciones actuales en el âmbito científico. Después, trazamos la arqueologia de su aparicióon en el campo del conocimiento, basado en un levantamiento del discurso transmitido por los medios de comunicacióon y revistas científicas, en tres momentos diferentes. En un primer momento, se analiza su emergencia como un problema de identidad que luego toma un tono peligroso marcado por el discurso de los medios de comunicacióon. Entonces vemos cóomo el cibersexo comienza a ser conjurado por la dimensióon jurídica a través de la sospecha permanente de crimen potencial. Finalmente, se investiga su inclusióon en el âmbito de la Psicologia, principalmente a través de discursos de patologizacióon. Llegamos a la conclusióon de que el concepto de cibersexo no se limita a este marco epistemológico que no contempla las experiencias únicas que revelan su dimensióon molecular(AU)

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O presente trabalho pretende analisar o cibersexo a partir dos contextos discursivos que o circunscreveram como conceito. Para tanto, partimos da problematização de sua especificidade por meio da análise das definições correntes no âmbito científico. Depois, traçamos a arqueologia de sua emergência no campo do saber, em três momentos distintos a partir do levantamento dos discursos veiculados pela mídia e por periódicos científicos. Num primeiro momento, analisamos sua irrupção como problemática da identidade que logo assumiu um tom pernicioso marcado pelos discursos midiáticos. Depois, verificamos como o cibersexo passou a ser conjurado pela dimensão jurídica através da perpétua suspeita de crime potencial. Por fim, investigamos sua inserção no âmbito da Psicologia, sobretudo através de discursos patologizantes. Concluímos que o conceito de cibersexo não se esgota nessa estrutura epistemológica que não permite contemplar as experiências singulares reveladoras de sua dimensão molecular.

This paper aims to examine cybersex from the discursive context that involves this concept. For this, we start questioning its specificity by analyzing the current definitions in science. We then trace the archeology of its emergence in the field of knowledge in three different moments, based on a survey of the discourses conveyed by the media and scientific journals. First, we analyze how it emerges as a problem of identity and soon becomes a dangerous issue marked by media speeches. Then we verify how cybersex is conjured by the legal dimension through perpetual suspicion of a potential crime. Finally, we investigate its insertion in the scope of Psychology, mainly through a pathologizing discourse. We conclude that the concept of cybersex is not limited to this epistemological framework which does not contemplate the unique experiences that can reveal its molecular dimension.

Este trabajo analiza el objeto cibersexo partindo del contexto discursivo que involucró el concepto. Para este propósito, partimos del cuestionamiento de su especificidad mediante el análisis de las definiciones actuales en el ámbito científico. Después, trazamos la arqueología de su aparición en el campo del conocimiento, basado en un levantamiento del discurso transmitido por los medios de comunicación y revistas científicas, en tres momentos diferentes. En un primer momento, se analiza su emergencia como un problema de identidad que luego toma un tono peligroso marcado por el discurso de los medios de comunicación. Entonces vemos cómo el cibersexo comienza a ser conjurado por la dimensión jurídica a través de la sospecha permanente de crimen potencial. Finalmente, se investiga su inclusión en el ámbito de la Psicología, principalmente a través de discursos de patologización. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el concepto de cibersexo no se limita a este marco epistemológico que no contempla las experiencias únicas que revelan su dimensión molecular.

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Este trabalho objetiva discutir a racionalidade punitiva que perpassa as propostas de redução da idade penal no Brasil, amplamente discutidas no momento atual. Analisamos 37 Propostas de Emenda à Constituição (PECs) apresentadas pela Câmara de Deputados do país, entre os anos de 1993 e 2013. Utilizamos os métodos arqueológico e genealógico de Michel Foucault e estruturamos a discussão em três tópicos: a) o Estado como garantidor de interesses dos 'cidadãos de bem' e responsável pela segurança da sociedade; b) o modo como as PECs explicitam uma exacerbação da racionalidade punitiva; e, c) o aumento da demanda por segurança pública que passa a inscrever práticas de racismo de Estado. Concluímos que as justificativas produzidas nesses documentos para a redução da idade penal evidenciam descontinuidades: ora se fala em reduzir a violência a partir da diminuição da idade penal, ora diz-se que isso não garantiria a redução da violência, mas, ainda assim, seria necessário para atender ao clamor da população por punições mais severas para esses jovens. Os enunciados articulam impunidade e sentimento de insegurança coletiva, atribuindo aos jovens infratores a responsabilidade pela situação de insegurança no contexto atual do Brasil. Indicam ainda o acirramento das práticas divisórias que se constituem a partir do racismo de Estado: proteção para os 'cidadãos de bem' e punição para os jovens vistos como inimigos sociais.

This work aims to discuss punitive rationality that permeates the Brazilian legal age reduction proposals, widely discussed at present. 37 Amendment to the Constitution Proposals (PECs) presented by the country's Chamber of Deputies, between the years 1993 and 2013 were analyzed. Archaeological and genealogical Michel Foucault's methods were used and we structured the discussion on three topics: a) the State as guarantor of the interests of 'good citizens' and responsible for the security of the society; b) how the PECs explain an exacerbation of punitive rationality; and, c) increasing demand for public security that passes to sign State racism practices. We concluded that the justifications produced in these documents to reduce the legal age evidence discontinuities: now it comes to reducing violence from the reduction of criminal age, then it is said that it would not guarantee the reduction of violence, but still, it would be necessary to meet the clamor of the people for more severe punishments for those young. The statements articulate impunity and sense of collective insecurity, giving the young offenders the responsibility for the insecurity situation in the current context of Brazil. Also indicate the worsening of the partitions practices that are from the racism of the State: protection for 'good citizens' and punishment for young people seen as social enemies.

Este trabajo objetiva discutir la racionalidad punitiva que se acerca a las propuestas de reducción de la edad penal en Brasil, ampliamente discutidas en la actualidad. Evaluamos 37 Propuestas de Enmienda a la Constitución (PECs) presentadas por la Cámara de los Diputados del país, entre los años de 1993 y 2013. Utilizamos los métodos arqueológicos y genealógicos de Michel Foucault y estructuramos la discusión en tres tópicos: a) El Estado como el que garante los intereses de los "ciudadanos de bien" y responsable por la seguridad de la sociedad; b) la forma como las PECs exponen una exacerbación de la racionalidad punitiva; y c) el aumento de búsqueda por seguridad pública que inscribe prácticas de racismo de Estado. Concluimos que las justificativas producidas en estos documentos para la reducción de la edad penal muestran discontinuidades: ora se habla en reducir la violencia disminuyendo la edad penal, ora se habla que eso no garantiza la reducción de la violencia, pero aún así sería necesario para atender las peticiones de la populación por puniciones más duras para estos jóvenes. Los enunciados articulan impunidad y sentimiento de inseguridad colectiva, atribuyendo a los jóvenes infractores la responsabilidad por la situación de inseguridad en el contexto actual de Brasil. Indican aún la tensión de las prácticas divisorias que se constituyen del racismo de Estado: protección para los "ciudadanos de bien" y punición para los jóvenes vistos como enemigos sociales.

Cet article a le but de discuter la rationalité punitive qui est présente dans les propositions de réduction de l'âge pénal au Brésil très débattue à de moment actuel. On a analysé 37 Propositions d'Amendement [emenda] à la Contitution (PECs) présentées par la Chambre des Députés du pays entre les années 1993 et 2013. Nous avons utilisé les méthodes archéologique et généalogique de Michel Foucault et nous avons structuré le débat en trois points: a) l'État comme assureur des intérêts des 'bons citoyens' et responsable de la sécureté de la société; b) la manière comme les PECs explicitent une exaspération de la rationalité punitive; et c) l'augmentation de la demande de sécurité publique qui passe à inscrire des practiques de racisme d'État. Nous concluons que les justifications produites dans ces documents de la réduction de l'âge pénal exposent des discontinuités: parfois on parle de réduire la violence à partir de la diminution de l'âge pénal, d'autre fois on dit que cela n'assurerait pas la réduction de la violence, mais quand même cela serait nécessaire pour répondre au cri du peuple pour punitions plus sévères de ces jeunes. Les énoncés articulent impunité et sentiment d'insécurité colective, en attibuant aux jeunes infracteurs la responsabilité d'insécurité dans le contexte actuel du Brésil. Ils indiquent encore l'instigation des practiques discordantes qui se constituent à partir du racisme d'État: la protection pour le 'bon citoyen' et punition pour les jeunes vus comme des ennemis sociaux.

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Nesta nota de pesquisa apresentamos questões teóricas e metodológicas sobre uma investigação em arqueologia histórica iniciada recentemente, que visa analisar o cotidiano da escravidão, regimes demográficos, práticas culturais etc. Um levantamento de sítios arqueológicos em antigas senzalas e fazendas escravistas do Vale do Paraíba e norte fluminense está sendo realizado. Com a cooperação de historiadores, arqueólogos e antropólogos, registros da cultura material de populações escravas de origem indígena e depois africana estão sendo localizados nas escavações iniciadas na fazenda jesuítica do Colégio em Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), administrada por religiosos e depois leigos nos séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX.

These preliminary research notes present theoretical and methodological questions regarding a recently inaugurated investigation in historical archeology that intends to analyze daily life under slavery, demographic regimes, cultural practices, and so on. A survey of archeological sites on former 'senzalas' (slave quarters) and slave-owning fazendas in the Paraíba Valley and northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro is currently in progress. With the cooperation of historians, archeologists, and anthropologists, records of the material culture of slave populations, which originally comprised indigenes and later Africans, are being located at excavations underway on the fazenda that is part of the Jesuit school in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, first run by the clergy and later by members of the laity in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.

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Apresenta reflexões sobre as louças brancas brasileiras em faianças finas e sua relação com a conjuntura dos discursos higienistas em meio aos quais foram pensadas, na cidade de São Paulo do começo do século XX. Analisa os componentes dos vidrados, os processos de expansão por umidade e os aspectos da tecnologia de produção das louças resgatadas no sítio arqueológico Petybon a fim de sugerir que a instalação das fábricas, a produção e o consumo de cerâmicas brancas na cidade se dão também pelo acirramento das políticas de higienização e dos projetos de modernidade das elites paulistanas do período.

The article examines Brazilian refined earthenwares known as faiança fina (fine faience) and relates ideas about its production to the contextual backdrop of hygienist discourses in the city of São Paulo in the early twentieth century. Based on an analysis of glaze components, moisture expansion processes, and technological aspects of the production of earthenware recovered from the Petybon archeological site, it is suggested that the establishment of factories and the production and consumption of white ceramics in the city of São Paulo were partially a consequence of the vigorous hygienization policies and modernity projects then advocated by São Paulo's elites.

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Este ensaio procura seguir os argumentos de Foucault na tese da morte do autor, resultado da crítica do sujeito moderno que funda a filosofia foucaultiana. O caminho tomado pelo estudo dá foco a questões derivadas da arqueologia do saber, especialmente a crítica radical da tradição kantiana do sujeito de conhecimento. Em um segundo momento, o texto acompanha os argumentos que levam Foucault a decretar a morte do autor, concluindo que o sujeito conhecedor e criador é mais um produto de práticas discursivas do que de uma presumida unidade transcendental da razão.

This essay aims to follow Foucault’s arguments on the thesis of the death of the author, result of the critique of the modern subject that has grounded Foucauldian philosophy. The path taken by the study focuses on questions derived from the archeology of knowledge, mainly the radical critique of the Kantian tradition of the knowing subject. Secondly, the text accompanies the arguments that led Foucault to decree the death of author, concluding that the knowing and creative subject is more the product of discursive practices than of a presumed transcendental unity of reason.

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo seguir los argumentos de Foucault sobre la tesis de la muerte del autor, resultado de la crítica al sujeto moderno que funda la filosofía foucaultiana. El camino tomado por el estudio se centra en las cuestiones derivadas de la arqueología del saber, especialmente la crítica radical de la tradición kantiana del sujeto de conocimiento. En segundo lugar, el texto acompaña los argumentos que llevan a Foulcault a decretar la muerte del autor, concluyendo que el sujeto conocedor y creador es más un producto de prácticas discursivas que de una supuesta unidad trascendental de la razón.

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Este ensaio procura seguir os argumentos de Foucault na tese da morte do autor, resultado da crítica do sujeito moderno que funda a filosofia foucaultiana. O caminho tomado pelo estudo dá foco a questões derivadas da arqueologia do saber, especialmente a crítica radical da tradição kantiana do sujeito de conhecimento. Em um segundo momento, o texto acompanha os argumentos que levam Foucault a decretar a morte do autor, concluindo que o sujeito conhecedor e criador é mais um produto de práticas discursivas do que de uma presumida unidade transcendental da razão.(AU)

This essay aims to follow Foucault’s arguments on the thesis of the death of the author, result of the critique of the modern subject that has grounded Foucauldian philosophy. The path taken by the study focuses on questions derived from the archeology of knowledge, mainly the radical critique of the Kantian tradition of the knowing subject. Secondly, the text accompanies the arguments that led Foucault to decree the death of author, concluding that the knowing and creative subject is more the product of discursive practices than of a presumed transcendental unity of reason.(AU)

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo seguir los argumentos de Foucault sobre la tesis de la muerte del autor, resultado de la crítica al sujeto moderno que funda la filosofía foucaultiana. El camino tomado por el estudio se centra en las cuestiones derivadas de la arqueología del saber, especialmente la crítica radical de la tradición kantiana del sujeto de conocimiento. En segundo lugar, el texto acompaña los argumentos que llevan a Foulcault a decretar la muerte del autor, concluyendo que el sujeto conocedor y creador es más un producto de prácticas discursivas que de una supuesta unidad trascendental de la razón.(AU)

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Las operaciones de lectura que erigen puentes entre las obras de Walter Benjamin y de Michel Foucault se han revelado como una de las estrategias más poderosas para pensar nuestro presente, tal como lo revela el trabajo de Giorgio Agamben. El objetivo de este ensayo consiste en desplegar algunas reflexiones que sirvan de prolegómenos a una hermenéutica que sopese la potencia de conceptos cruciales en la perspectiva benjaminiana,como los de vida, derecho, violencia y incluso justicia, en una escena filosófica de decisiva impronta foucaultiana; y que al mismo tiempo permitan orientar una relectura de algunos delos conceptos clave de la obra de Foucault abriéndolos a una complejidad heurística que en más de una ocasión los modos de su recepción han obturado. Proponemos exponer un trabajo de lectura que, ordenado a partir de tres ejes, recorre algunos hitos de las obras de ambos pensadores: los conceptos de tiempo e historia; la cuestión de la violencia, el poder y la vida;y la perspectiva de la crítica y la política. En dicho trayecto se recurrirá a las propuestas hermenéuticas de Agamben, así como se incorporarán ciertos aportes de otros influyentes pensadores como Gilles Deleuze, Georges Didi-Huberman y Peter Sloterdijk.

Conceptual operations that build bridges between the work of Walter Benjamin and Michel Foucault have emerged as one of the most powerful strategies for thinking our present, which is revealed in the work of Giorgio Agamben. The objective of this essay is to display some reflections that could serve as a prologue to a hermeneutic that ponder the potentiality of crucial benjaminian concepts –such as life, law, violence and even justice– in a philosophical scene decisively influenced by Foucault’s work. At the same time it promotes a rereading of some of Foucault's key concepts in order to open them to a heuristic complexity that has been frecuently blocked. The essay is ordered around three axis: the consideration of the concepts of time and history; the notions of violence, power and life; and the perspectives for critic and politics. On that route will be taken into account the hermeneutical proposals of Agamben, and certain contributions of influential thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Georges Didi-Huberman and Peter Sloterdijk.

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O presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar e interpretar a fase arqueológica da filosofia de Michel Foucault a partir de sua interação com a fenomenologia, em especial com a fenomenologia husserliana. Essa interação pode ser descrita num movimento que parte de uma sorte de "curto-circuito" (no qual, Foucault se vale de conceitos e intuições fenomenológicos para formular um primeiro distanciamento) até um movimento de ruptura e análise do papel da fenomenologia como uma filosofia da subjetividade. Assim, torna-se factível uma interpretação de conjunto da arqueologia foucaultiana.

This article aims to present and interpret the archaeological phase of the philosophy of Michel Foucault from its interaction with the phenomenology, in particular with Husserlian phenomenology. This interaction can in a move described as part of a sort of ®short circuit¼ (in which Foucault draws on concepts and phenomenological insights to formulate a first distance) to a break and motion analysis of the role of phenomenology as a philosophy of subjectivity. Thus, it is feasible interpretation of the whole of Foucault's archeology.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar e interpretar la fase arqueológica de la filosofía de Michel Foucault de su interacción con la fenomenología, en particular, con la fenomenología de Husserl. Esta interacción puede en una iniciativa que, como parte de una especie de "corto circuito" (en la que Foucault se basa en conceptos y puntos de vista fenomenológico de formular una primera distancia) para un descanso y de análisis de movimiento del papel de la fenomenología como una filosofía de la subjetividad. Por lo tanto, la interpretación es factible, de la totalidad de la arqueología de Foucault.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar e interpretar a fase arqueológica da filosofia de Michel Foucault a partir de sua interação com a fenomenologia, em especial com a fenomenologia husserliana. Essa interação pode ser descrita num movimento que parte de uma sorte de "curto-circuito" (no qual, Foucault se vale de conceitos e intuições fenomenológicos para formular um primeiro distanciamento) até um movimento de ruptura e análise do papel da fenomenologia como uma filosofia da subjetividade. Assim, torna-se factível uma interpretação de conjunto da arqueologia foucaultiana.(AU)

This article aims to present and interpret the archaeological phase of the philosophy of Michel Foucault from its interaction with the phenomenology, in particular with Husserlian phenomenology. This interaction can in a move described as part of a sort of «short circuit» (in which Foucault draws on concepts and phenomenological insights to formulate a first distance) to a break and motion analysis of the role of phenomenology as a philosophy of subjectivity. Thus, it is feasible interpretation of the whole of Foucault's archeology.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar e interpretar la fase arqueológica de la filosofía de Michel Foucault de su interacción con la fenomenología, en particular, con la fenomenología de Husserl. Esta interacción puede en una iniciativa que, como parte de una especie de "corto circuito" (en la que Foucault se basa en conceptos y puntos de vista fenomenológico de formular una primera distancia) para un descanso y de análisis de movimiento del papel de la fenomenología como una filosofía de la subjetividad. Por lo tanto, la interpretación es factible, de la totalidad de la arqueología de Foucault.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

En este trabajo presentamos un problema de la arqueología del siglo XIX: la transformación de las ruinas de la antigüedad americana en evidencia científica. Tomando el caso de la exploración arqueológica de Palenque luego de la independencia centroamericana y mexicana, analizaremos los intentos por hacer portátil las ruinas de una ciudad hallada en la selva a fines del siglo XVIII, analizando algunos de los medios creados y utilizados para resolver su transporte.

The article addresses an issue in nineteenth-century archeology: the transformation of ancient American ruins into scientific evidence. It focuses specifically on the case of Palenque, a city discovered in the jungle in the late eighteenth century. The archeological exploration of this find, which occurred shortly after Central American and Mexican independence, entailed efforts to make these ruins portable. The article analyzes some of the means devised and used in their transportation.

Assuntos