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INTRODUCTION: Obstetric brachial palsy (OBP) is a flaccid paralysis of the arm associated with adverse events during childbirth and that damages the nerves of the C5 to T1 cervical roots. Conventionally, their rehabilitation is through kinesic and occupational therapy (TC) interventions, or with an innovative tool: robotic assistance and virtual reality called Armeo®Spring Pediatric (Armeo). Thus, the research objective was to compare the effectiveness of the Armeo with CT on upper extremity function. MATERIALS (OR PATIENTS) AND METHODS: Controlled, parallel, randomized, single-blind clinical trial. 10 active users between 5 and 8 years of age participated with PBO, Narakas I, from the Teletón Concepción Institute. Fifteen training sessions of 45 minutes each were carried out, 3 times a week, evaluating according to the Mallet scale and joint ranges of passive movement (ROM) after the intervention, at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: There were significant statistical differences in the Mallet scale: External rotation at 3 and 6 months, Hand-head post intervention and in the Total score post intervention, at 3 and 6 months. According to the ROM evaluation, these differences were registered in Abduction at 3 and 6 months. In all these indicators, CT had better and more lasting effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with the Armeo require a specialized environment to last over time, while those obtained with CT last longer given the greater variety of sensorimotor experiences that it offers and the possibility of daily practicing what has been learned in training.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO) es una parálisis flácida del brazo asociada a eventos adversos durante el parto y que lesiona los nervios de las raíces cervicales C5 a T1. Convencionalmente, su rehabilitación es mediante intervenciones kinésicas y de terapia ocupacional (TC), o bien con una herramienta innovadora: asistencia robótica y realidad virtual llamada Armeo®Spring Pediatric (Armeo). Entonces, el objetivo de investigación fue comparar la efectividad del Armeo con la TC en la función de la extremidad superior. MATERIALES (O PACIENTES) Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico controlado, paralelo, aleatorizado con enmascaramiento simple. Participaron 10 usuarios/ as activos entre 5 y 8 años de edad con PBO, Narakas I, del Instituto Teletón Concepción. Se realizaron 15 entrenamientos de 45 minutos cada uno, 3 veces por semana, evaluando según escala de Mallet y rangos articulares de movi­miento pasivo (ROM) post intervención, a 3 y 6 meses. RESULTADOS: Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en la escala Mallet: Rotación externa a 3 y 6 meses, Mano-cabeza post intervención y en el puntaje Total post in­tervención, a 3 y 6 meses. Según la evaluación ROM, dichas diferencias se registraron en Abducción a 3 y 6 meses. En todos estos indicadores la TC tuvo mejores efectos y más perdurables. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos con el Armeo requieren de un ambiente especializado para perdurar en el tiempo, mientras que los obtenidos con la TC perduran más, dada la mayor variedad de experiencias sensoriomotoras que ésta ofrece y por la posibilidad de practicar cotidianamente lo aprendido en los entrenamientos.

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Introduction: Two different methods are used in goniometry of the ankle: the neutral zero method (N0M) and the bone reference method (BRM). In addition, the N0M has a subtype (N0I), with a different technique. Purpose: To determine the average of the amplitude of flexion-extension of the ankle, measured in different body positions, using N0M, N0I and BRM, in young adults of both sexes, with the objective of providing evidence so that the ankle goniometry is more reliable. Material and methods: 190 students from the School of Kinesiology and Physiotherapy were studied, using the three methods of joint measurement in 4 different body positions; the amplitude of flex-extension in an ankle per student was evaluated. Results: In most positions, the measurements were different in the three methods compared (P<0.05). The M0 and M0I methods yielded similar results in some comparisons. The patient's position also significantly influences the result obtained. Dorsal ankle flexion was similar between men and women in most of the methods and positions; the plantar flexion that was greater in women in all cases (P<0.0001). The full flex-extension value, in most cases, was higher in women than in men (P<0.001). Conclusions: Both the method and the patient's position significantly influence the results of the goniometric measurement. Gender influences the joint width of the plantar ankle flexion, regardless of the measurement method used.

Introducción: En la goniometría de tobillo se utilizan dos métodos diferentes, el método cero neutral (M0N) y el método de referencias óseas (MRO). Además, el M0N tiene un subtipo (M0I), con una técnica diferente. Objetivo: Determinar el promedio de la amplitud de flexo-extensión de tobillo, medida en diferentes posiciones corporales, utilizando M0N, M0I y MRO, en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, con el objetivo de aportar evidencia para que la goniometría de tobillo sea más fiable. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 190 alumnos de la Escuela de Kinesiología y Fisioterapia, utilizando los tres métodos de medición articular en 4 posiciones corporales diferentes; se evaluó la amplitud de flexo-extensión en un tobillo por alumno. Resultados: En la mayoría de las posiciones, las mediciones fueron diferentes en los tres métodos comparados (P<0,05). Los métodos M0 y M0I arrojaron resultados similares en algunas comparaciones puntuales. La posición del paciente también influye significativamente en el resultado obtenido. La flexión dorsal de tobillo fue similar entre hombres y mujeres en la mayoría de los métodos y posiciones del paciente, no así la flexión plantar que fue mayor en las mujeres en todos los casos (P<0,0001). El valor completo de flexo-extensión, en la mayoría de los casos fue mayor en las mujeres que en los varones (P<0,001). Conclusiones: Tanto el método como la posición del paciente influyen significativamente en los resultados de la medición goniométrica. El género influye en la amplitud articular de la flexión plantar de tobillo, independientemente del método de medición utilizado.

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Objective To investigate the accuracy of the applied kinesiology muscle strength test for sacroiliac dysfunction and compared it with four validated orthopedic tests. Methods This is a cross-sectional accuracy survey developed at a private practice in the city of Manaus, Brazil, during February 2017. The sample consisted of 20 individuals, with a median age of 33.5 years. Four tests were applied: distraction, thigh thrust, compression and sacral thrust, and the diagnosis was confirmed when three of these tests were positive. Soon after, the applied kinesiology test was applied to the piriformis muscle. Results The prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction was of 45%; the thigh thrust test had the highest specificity, and the sacral thrust test had the highest sensitivity. The applied kinesiology test presented good results (sensitivity: 0.89; specificity: 0.82; positive predictive value: 0.80; negative predictive value: 0.82; accuracy: 0.85; and area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve: 0.85). Conclusion The applied kinesiology muscle strength test, which has great clinical feasibility, showed good accuracy in diagnosing sacroiliac joint dysfunction and greater discriminatory power for the existing dysfunction in comparison to other tests.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the accuracy of the applied kinesiology muscle strength test for sacroiliac dysfunction and compared it with four validated orthopedic tests. Methods This is a cross-sectional accuracy survey developed at a private practice in the city of Manaus, Brazil, during February 2017. The sample consisted of 20 individuals, with a median age of 33.5 years. Four tests were applied: distraction, thigh thrust, compression and sacral thrust, and the diagnosis was confirmed when three of these tests were positive. Soon after, the applied kinesiology test was applied to the piriformis muscle. Results The prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction was of 45%; the thigh thrust test had the highest specificity, and the sacral thrust test had the highest sensitivity. The applied kinesiology test presented good results (sensitivity: 0.89; specificity: 0.82; positive predictive value: 0.80; negative predictive value: 0.82; accuracy: 0.85; and area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve: 0.85). Conclusion The applied kinesiology muscle strength test, which has great clinical feasibility, showed good accuracy in diagnosing sacroiliac joint dysfunction and greater discriminatory power for the existing dysfunction in comparison to other tests.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a acurácia do teste de força muscular da cinesiologia aplicada para disfunção sacroilíaca, comparando-o com quatro testes ortopédicos validados. Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal de acurácia desenvolvida em uma clínica particular da cidade de Manaus no mês de fevereiro de 2017. A amostra teve 20 indivíduos, com mediana de idade 33,5 anos. Foram aplicados quatro testes: distração, thigh thrust, compressão e thrust sacral, e o diagnóstico foi confirmado quando três destes testes deram positivo. Logo após, foi aplicado o teste da cinesiologia aplicada para o músculo piriforme. Resultados A prevalência de disfunção da articulação sacroilíaca observada foi de 45%, tendo o teste thigh thrust alta especificidade, e o teste thrust sacral, alta sensibilidade. O teste da cinesiologia aplicada obteve bons resultados (sensibilidade: 0,89; especificidade: 0,82; valor preditivo positivo: 0,80; valor preditivo negativo: 0,82; acurácia: 0,85; área abaixo da curva de característica de operação do receptor [COR]: 0,85). Conclusão O teste de força muscular da cinesiologia aplicada, de grande viabilidade clínica, mostrou ter boa acurácia no diagnóstico da disfunção da articulação sacroilíaca, e maior poder discriminatório da disfunção existente, em comparação aos demais testes.

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In forced conditions, where the heart rate and step frequency have been matched, cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) has been recognized. However, knowledge about the occurrence of CLS and its triggers in sports gesture in real contexts is little known. To address this gap, the current study tested the hypothesis that CLS in running spontaneous conditions would emerge at entrainment bands of muscle activation frequencies associated with a freely chosen step frequency. Sixteen male long-distance runners undertook treadmill assessments running ten three-minute bouts at different speeds (7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 km⋅h-1). Electrocardiography and surface electromyography were recorded simultaneously. The center frequency was the mean of the frequency spectrum obtained by wavelet decomposition, while CLS magnitude was determined by the wavelet coherence coefficient (WCC) between the electrocardiography and center frequency signals. The strength of CLS affected the entrainment frequencies between cardiac and muscle systems, and for WCC values greater than 0.8, the point from which we consider the emerging CLS, the entrainment frequency was between 2.7 and 2.8 Hz. The CLS emerged at faster speeds (13-15 km⋅h-1) most prevalently but did not affect the muscle activation bands. Spontaneous CLS occurred at faster speeds predominantly, and the entrainment frequencies matched the locomotor task, with the entrainment bands of frequencies emerging around the step frequencies (2.7-2.8 Hz). These findings are compatible with the concept that interventions that determine optima conditions of CLS may potentiate the benefits of the cardiac and muscle systems synchronized in distance runners.

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Abstract Introduction: The lumbar pain is the main musculoskeletal complaint reported by the active population, and it prevents daily activities such as walking. Objective: To assess muscle recruitment and the co-contraction of the trunk muscles during different walking speed in individuals with and without chronic lumbar pain. Method: Thirty-four sedentary young women attended the study, in which 18 belonged to the lumbar pain team (LPT) and 16 to the team without lumbar pain (WLP). We assessed the electromyography activity of the internal oblique (IO) local muscle and lumbar multifidus (MUL), and global external oblique (EO), abdominal rectus (AR) and lumbar iliocostalis (LIC), during walking. The electromyography analysis was performed from the average of the linear envelope value, normalized by the peak of muscle activation. The muscle co-contraction (IO/MUL, EO/LIC, AR/LIC, IO/EO, and the abdominal/paravertebral muscle groups) was calculated with the Falconer and Winter formula. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Multivariate Analysis, mixed Variance Analyses with Bonferroni post-hoc, and Pearson (p < 0.05) correlation coefficient were made by the statistical analysis. Results: In the WLP we could notice that the higher the speed, the higher the MUL activation. The co-contraction data demonstrated that IO/MUL muscles activate 20% more in the LPT, during the preferred speed; however, in the WLP, the results showed that the higher the walking speed, the higher the EO/LIC (21.8%) and IO/MUL (17.8%) muscles activation. Conclusion: The recruitment of local muscles doesn't differ among the evaluated groups and conditions; however, in WLP, the higher the MUL muscle action, the higher the walking speed.

Resumo Introdução: A dor lombar (DL) é a principal queixa musculoesquelética relatada na população ativa e incapacita atividades do cotidiano, como a marcha. Objetivo: Avaliar o recrutamento e co-contração dos músculos do tronco durante diferentes velocidades de marcha em indivíduos com e sem DL crônica. Método: Participaram 34 mulheres jovens, sedentárias, 18 compuseram o grupo DL (GDL) e 16 o grupo sem DL (GC). Foi avaliada a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos locais oblíquo interno (OI) e multífido lombar (MUL), e globais oblíquo externo (OE), reto abdominal (RA) e iliocostal lombar (ICL), durante a marcha. A análise eletromiográfica foi realizada a partir da média do valor de envelope linear, normalizada pelo pico de ativação muscular. A co-contração muscular (OI/MUL, OE/ICL, RA/ICL, OI/OE e os grupos musculares abdominais/ paravertebrais) foi calculada com a fórmula de Falconer e Winter. A análise estatística foi feita por meio do teste Shapiro-Wilk, Análise Multivariada, Análise de Variância mista com pos-hoc bonferroni e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05). Resultados: No GC podemos perceber que, quanto maior a velocidade, maior a ativação do MUL. Os dados de co-contração demonstraram que os músculos OI/MUL ativam 20% a mais no GDL, durante a velocidade de preferência, no GC, os resultados mostram que quanto maior a velocidade de marcha, maior a ativação dos músculos OE/ICL (21,8%) e OI/MUL (17,8%). Conclusão: O recrutamento dos músculos não difere entre os grupos e condições, contudo foi observado no GC que quanto maior a ação do músculo MUL maior é a velocidade de marcha.

Resumen Introducción: El dolor lumbar (DL) es la principal queja musculoesquelética relatada e incapacita actividades de lo cotidiano, como la marcha. Objetivo: Evaluar el reclutamiento y la co-contracción músculos del tronco durante diferentes velocidades de marcha en individuos con y sin DL. Método: Participaron 34 mujeres jóvenes, sedentarias, 18 compusieron grupo DL (GDL) y 16 grupo sin DL (GC). Se evaluó la actividad electromiográfica de los músculos oblicuo interno (OI) y externos (OE), multífido lumbar (MUL), recto abdominal (RA) e iliocostal lumbar (ICL) durante la marcha. El análisis electromiográfico fue realizado a partir del promedio del valor de sobre lineal, normalizado por el pico de activación muscular. La cocontracción muscular (OI/MUL, OE/ICL, RA/ICL, OI/OE y grupos de músculos abdominales/paravertebrales) se calculó utilizando la fórmula Falconer y Winter. El análisis estadístico fue realizado por Shapiro-Wilk, Análisis Multivariado, Análisis de Variedad mixta con pos-hoc bonferroni y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (p < 0,05). Resultados: En el GC podemos percibir que, cuanto mayor es la velocidad, mayor es la activación del MUL. Los datos de co-contracción demostraron que los músculos OI/MUL activan un 20% más en el GDL, durante la velocidad de preferencia, sin embargo, en el GC, los resultados muestran que cuanto mayor la velocidad de marcha, mayor la activación de los músculos OE / ICL (21,8%) y OI/MUL (17,8%). Conclusión: El reclutamiento de los músculos no difiere entre los grupos y condiciones, contenido observado en el GC que cuanto mayor es la acción del músculo MUL mayor es la velocidad de marcha.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of corrective, therapeutic exercise techniques on subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A systematic review was conducted by searching the Cochrane Library Plus, Pubmed, PEDro, and SCOPUS databases. Studies in patients diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that considered corrective, therapeutic exercise as an independent outcome measure and symptoms, functional capacity, Cobb's angle and/or other angles or body asymmetries as dependent outcome measures were included. A total of 9 controlled clinical trials that carried out corrective, therapeutic exercise were included. Corrective, therapeutic exercise appears to have positive effects by reducing symptoms and improving function, as well as various angles and body asymmetries. However, further studies with better methodological quality are required to confirm these outcomes and determine the best therapeutic exercise intervention.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos de las técnicas de ejercicio terapéutico correctivo en sujetos con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. Se realizó una revisión sistemática realizando búsquedas en Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Pubmed, PEDro y SCOPUS. Se incluyeron estudios de pacientes con diagnóstico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente, que consideraron, como variable independiente, ejercicio terapéutico correctivo y, como variables dependientes, síntomas, capacidad funcional, ángulo de Cobb y/u otros ángulos o asimetrías corporales. Se incluyeron un total de 9 ensayos clínicos controlados que utilizaron ejercicio terapéutico correctivo. El ejercicio terapéutico correctivo parece tener efectos positivos en la disminución de síntomas, mejora de la función y mejora de diferentes ángulos y asimetrías corporales. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios con mejor calidad metodológica para confirmar estos resultados y determinar la mejor intervención mediante ejercicio terapéutico.

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Chewing impairment has been observed in elders with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is unknown whether oral rehabilitation can improve their masticatory function. This study evaluated the influence of new removable prostheses on chewing function of patients with AD. Participants using removable dentures were divided into two groups: patients with mild AD (77·2 ± 5·8 years, n = 16) and controls (76·0 ± 4·4, n = 16). All participants received general dental treatment and new total and/or partial removable prostheses. After 2 months of adaptation to the new dentures, chewing was evaluated by the following parameters: masticatory cycle time (CT), cycle velocity (CV), and opening (OA) and closing mandibular angles (CA), registered by a kinesiographic device. Maximum bite force (MBF) was assessed using a strain sensor. Evaluations were performed at baseline and after insertion of the new prostheses. A mixed model (α = 5%) was used for within- and between-subject analyses. After insertion of new prostheses, CT was reduced, and CV and MBF were increased in both groups (P < 0·05). There were no changes in OA or CA (P > 0·05). Compared to controls, elders with AD showed higher CT and reduced MBF and CV both at baseline and after insertion of new prostheses (P < 0·05). However, OA and CA did not differ between groups (P > 0·05). Insertion of new removable prostheses improved masticatory function in elders with and without AD, but patients with mild AD still had reduced chewing parameters compared to controls.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) e cocontração dos músculos do tronco durante a realização de exercícios com haste oscilatória em duas diferentes posturas (pelve neutra e pelve em retroversão).Participaram do estudo 20 mulheres jovens (idades entre 18 e 28 anos),sem dor lombar, recrutadas em uma população universitária. Para a coleta de dados foi realizado um exercício com haste oscilatória posicionada verticalmente ao solo, sendo segurada com ambas as mãos e oscilando no plano sagital. Este exercício foi realizado em duas diferentes posturas da pelve (neutra e retrovertida). Os sinais EMG foram coletados bilateralmente, sobre os músculos: oblíquo interno (OI), reto abdominal (RA), iliocostal lombar (IL) e multífidos (MU). A análise de variância (ANOVA) de medidas repetidas demonstrou interação entre músculos e posturas (F=5,18; p=0,003), sendo que a ativação do músculo IL na postura neutra foi 7,93% maior do que a postura retrovertida (p=0,055), e a ativação do músculo OI foi 13,62% maior na postura retrovertida do que durante o exercício em postura neutra (p=0,002). De acordo com os nossos resultados, a realização do exercício em postura com retroversão da pelve aumentou a ativação do músculo OI, enquanto o músculo IL apresentou maior ativação durante a realização do exercício em postura neutra. Futuros estudos são necessários para o entendimento das adaptações neuromusculares geradas pelo treino com exercícios com haste oscilatória e sua relevância para a prevenção e tratamento da dor lombar inespecífica.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) y la co-contracción de los músculos del tronco durante el ejercicio con barra oscilante en dos posturas distintas, la pelvis neutral y la en retroversión. Participaron veinte mujeres entre los 18 hasta los 28 años de edad, sin dolor lumbar, reclutadas en una universidad. La recolección de datos se realizó por un ejercicio con barra oscilante, que colocada verticalmente al suelo, podría ser agarrada por ambas manos de las participantes y, así, oscilar en el plan sagital. Las señales EMG se recogieron de forma bilateral en los músculos oblicuo interno (OI), recto abdominal (RA), iliocostal lumbar (IL) y multifidus (MU). El análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) de las medidas repetidas mostró interacción entre músculos y posturas (F=5,18, p=0,003), siendo que la activación del músculo IL en la postura neutral fue un 7,93% mayor que en la postura en retroversión (p=0,055) y la activación del músculo OI fue un 13,62% mayor en la postura en retroversión que durante el ejercicio en la postural neutral (p=0,002). Con respecto a los resultados, el ejercicio realizado con la postura en retroversión de la pelvis aumentó la activación del músculo OI, mientras que el realizado con la postura neutral aumentó la activación del músculo IL. Es necesario que se hagan futuros estudios para comprender mejor las adaptaciones neuromusculares generadas por el entrenamiento con ejercicios con barra oscilante y su importancia para la prevención y el tratamiento del dolor lumbar inespecífico.

This study aimed at analyzing the electromyographic activity (EMG) and cocontraction of torso muscles during exercises with a flexi bar, in two different postures (neutral pelvis and posterior pelvic tilt). 20 young women with no lower back pain took part in the study (ages between 18 and 28 years) and they were recruited from a university population. In order to collect the data, an exercise was performed with a flexi bar being held with both hands. It was perpendicular to the ground and it was oscillating in the sagittal plane. That exercise was conducted in two different pelvis postures (neutral and posterior tilted). The EMG signals were collected bilaterally on the following muscles: internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominals (RA), iliocostalis lumborum (IL) and multifidus (MU). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measurements was found to display an interaction between muscles and postures (F=5.18; p=0.003). The activation of IL muscle in the neutral posture was 7.93% higher than in the posteriorly tilted posture (p=0.005), and the activation of IO muscle was 13.62% higher in the posteriorly tilted posture than during the exercise in the neutral posture (p=0.002). According to our results, the performance of the exercise with a posteriorly tilted pelvis increased the activation of IO muscle, whereas IL muscle was found to have a higher activation when the exercise was performed in a neutral posture. Future studies need to be conducted in order to understand the neuromuscular adaptations that are generated by exercises with flexi bars, and their relevance to the prevention and treatment of nonspecific lower back pain.

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The main goal of prosthetic treatment is to restore masticatory function. However, insufficient evidence supports the recommendation of one specific prosthetic intervention for partially edentulous patients. Function after the use of three different prostheses by the same partially edentulous subject. Mastication was assessed in 12 subjects (mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years) after they had used removable partial dentures (RPDs), implant-supported partial dentures (IRPDs) and implant-fixed partial dentures (IFPDs). Masticatory ability (MA) was estimated by visual analogue scale questionnaire, while the mandibular chewing motion was evaluated by kinesiographic device, representing an objective measurement of masticatory function. Data were analysed by repeated-measures anova followed by Tukey-Kramer (P < 0.05). MA improved after IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0.05). Opening, closing and total cycle time duration were reduced after both IRPD and IFPD use (P < 0.05), irrespectively the implant prosthesis type. IFPDs and IRPDs restore the masticatory function of partially edentulous patients better than RPDs.

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La escoliosis idiopática consiste en una deformidad tridimensional de la columna vertebral, existe una curvatura lateral del raquis o varias, junto a una rotación vertebral y una modificación del plano sagital. Se realizó un abordaje sobre la escoliosis; su definición, etiología y su abordaje terapéutico, en específico la cinesioterapia. El objetivo fue fundamentar los diferentes métodos que están vigentes, breve reseña de sus autores, principios que los rigen, su basamento teórico y técnicas de aplicación.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformation of the spine, there is a lateral curvature of the spine or more, with a vertebral rotation and a change in the sagittal plane. An approach was made about scoliosis, its definition, etiology and therapeutic approach, specificifically kinesiotherapy. The objective of the study was to corroborate the different methods that are effective, brief review of the authors, the principles that are considered, its theoretical basis and application techniques.

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Partial or complete edentulism impairs mastication. However, it is unclear how the chewing cycle is affected by prosthetics. We evaluated the chewing movements of patients fitted with complete (CD) or removable partial denture (RPD). A total of 29 subjects were kinesiographically evaluated during chewing of peanuts and Optocal portions in a random sequence. The subjects were divided into two groups according to prosthesis type. Group RPD was composed of 14 partially edentulous patients using a lower distal extension RPD (mean age 61 ± 8 years), and group CD contained 15 completely edentulous patients using CD (mean age 65·9 ± 7·9 years) in both jaws. Opening, closing, occlusal and masticatory cycle times, movement angle (opening and closing), maximum velocity (opening and closing), total area and chewing cycle amplitudes were evaluated. The results were subjected to anova and Tukey's HSD test at a significance level of 5%. The RPD group exhibited shorter opening and closing phases and masticatory cycle time (P < 0·05). Maximum velocities were also higher in the RPD group, irrespective of the test material (P < 0·05). The area and amplitude of the chewing envelope was smaller in the CD group (P < 0·0001). The test material did not influence chewing cycles in any of the parameters evaluated (P > 0·05). RPD wearers use a faster chewing sequence with greater vertical and lateral jaw excursions compared with CD wearers.

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RESUMO

A literatura tem mostrado que pequenas modificações em um exercício do método Pilates podem alterar o padrão de ativação muscular. Além disto, são poucos os estudos que avaliaram exercícios desse método do ponto de vista cinesiológico. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar dois exercícios realizados no solo e em aparelho no que diz respeito à ativação elétrica de grupos musculares atuantes. Participaram do estudo 11 mulheres saudáveis praticantes do método Pilates. Foram coletados dados eletromiográficos dos músculos reto femoral e reto abdominal, porções direita e esquerda, enquanto os exercícios hundred no solo, hundred no Reformer, teaser no solo e teaser no Cadillac eram mantidos na postura isométrica. Foram analisados os cinco segundos centrais de cada execução, normalizados por contração voluntária máxima. A análise estatística apresentou diferença entre a ativação dos grupos musculares, sendo maior no reto femoral, e interação entre músculos e exercício, onde no exercício hundred no solo e no Reformer o reto femoral teve maior ativação, enquanto no exercício teaser o reto abdominal foi mais ativo quando executado no Cadillac. Com base nos resultados do estudo pode-se afirmar que: i) quando comparados os exercícios hundred (no solo e no Reformer) e teaser (no solo e no Cadillac), não houve diferença entre os exercícios no que se refere à ativação dos músculos reto abdominal e reto femoral; ii) quando comparados os grupamentos musculares, o reto femoral apresentou maiores níveis de ativação nos exercícios hundred executado no solo e no Reformer, enquanto o reto abdominal apresentou maior ativação durante o exercício teaser executado no Cadillac.

The literature has shown that small modifications in a Pilates method exercise may change the muscles activation pattern. Moreover, few studies have evaluated Pilates' exercises from the kinesiology point of view. Therefore, this study aimed to compare a couple of exercises performed on the mat and in apparatus regarding electric activation of acting muscle groups. Eleven healthy Pilates trained women took part in the study. Electromyographic data were collected from the rectus femoris and rectus abdominis muscles, right and left portions, while keeping the isometric posture of the hundred on mat, hundred on the Reformer machine, teaser on mat and teaser on the Cadillac machine exercises. The five central seconds of each execution normalized by maximum voluntary contraction were analyzed. Statistical analysis showed difference between the muscle group's activation that was higher for the rectus femoris, and interaction between muscle and exercise, where rectus femoris muscle's electric activation was higher on the hundred exercise performed on mat and Reformer and rectus abdominis muscle's electric activation was higher on teaser performed in the Cadillac machine. Based on the study results, it may be stated that: (i) when compared the hundred (on mat and Reformer) and teaser (on mat and Cadillac) exercises were compared, no difference was found between them regarding rectus abdominis and rectus femoris muscles' activation; (ii) when muscle groups were compared, the rectus femoris presented higher activation levels on the hundred exercise performed on mat and Reformer, while rectus abdominis presented higher activation during the teaser exercise performed on Cadillac.