RESUMO

The present research shows a robust isotopic ratio characterization of Carbon-13 (δ13CVPDB) in congeneric compounds such as methanol, n-propanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and acetaldehyde in representative samples (n = 69) of Tequila 100% agave silver class (TSC), employing gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). From the information obtained, the construction of a radial plot attributable to the isotopic fingerprint of TSC was achieved. With this information, a diagnostic test was designed to determine the authenticity of TSC, comparing alcoholic beverages from other agave species as non-authentic samples. The sensitivity of the test was 94.2%; the specificity was 83.3%. Additionally, non-authentic samples were analyzed that meet all the criteria established in the regulations. The results obtained show that the GC/C/IRMS analytical technique and designed diagnostic test are useful as auxiliary parameters to determine the authenticity of the beverage, thus managing to determine the adulteration or falsification of the product.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that has been used as ancestral food, medicine, and oil, with culinary, artistic, and religious purposes by most of the Mesoamerican civilizations. Native from Mesoamerica, introduced into South America, Australia, and Europe, it is presently consumed as a nutritional and functional food. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to characterize ancient native cultivars from four provenances in Guatemala to recommend their direct consumption by the population as well as to establish its trade. METHOD: Seed samples were collected in four places where they have been cultivated for several generations. The oil was obtained by expression and analyzed chemically by gas chromatography following standard qualitative and quantitative methods. RESULTS: Variations in oil yield and some of the characteristic parameters of the phytochemical analysis were obtained. In general, the profile was similar to most of the reported data in the literature, with the saturated fatty acids (8.54-9.25%) relatively lower than the references (7.95-11.45%) but a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty oils, particularly of omega-3 (64.68-68.62%). CONCLUSION: The oil from native cultivars contains high quantities of omega-3, which might help pregnant women during gestation and to control other conditions such as metabolic syndrome, particularly in low- and middle-income populations where these seeds are consumed regularly. The suggestion is made to encourage the cultivation and use of these ancestral seeds with the possibility of commercialization abroad with an appellation of origin label.

RESUMO

As denominações de origem e as indicações de procedência compõem as espécies de indicação geográfica (IG) previstas pela legislação brasileira e têm sido vistas como formas de mobilização e valorização dos territórios e de agregação de valor aos produtos típicos e de qualidade diferenciada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a condução das etapas de elaboração do regulamento de uso, delimitação da área e comprovação da notoriedade e da relação entre produto e meio geográfico das IGs brasileiras. A metodologia adotada foi pesquisa survey, realizada por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar das lacunas da legislação brasileira sobre IGs, vários órgãos têm viabilizado o processo de construção das IGs brasileiras atuando de forma decisiva nas etapas de elaboração do regulamento de uso (universidades, ONGs, INPI), delimitação da área (universidades, Embrapa, Emater, IMA), comprovação da notoriedade (SEBRAE) e da relação entre meio geográfico e qualidade (universidades). A comprovação da influência do território nas características qualitativas do produto constitui, atualmente, o principal entrave ao desenvolvimento das denominações de origem no País.

The appellations of origin and indication of source are species of geographical indication (GI) provided by the Brazilian industrial property law that could be seen as one of the ways of mobilization and recovering of the rural territories adding value to local products with differentiated quality. This study aimed to characterize the stages of the construction of the regulations of use of GI, the geographical area delimitation, the evidence of reputation and the relationship between product and geographical environment of GIs in Brazil. The survey research was the methodology adopted conducted through semi-structured questionnaires. The results showed that despite the shortcomings of the Brazilian legislation on GIs, several organs has enabled the construction process of the Brazilian GIs acting decisively on the elaboration steps of the regulation of use (universities, NGOs, INPI), on the area delimitation (universities , Embrapa, Emater, IMA), on the evidence of reputation (SEBRAE) and on the relationship between geographical environment and quality (universities). The proof of the influence of the geographical environment on the product qualitative characteristics is currently the main obstacle to the development of appellations of origin in the country.