RESUMO
Soursop fruits are widely used in the folk medicine to treat a variety of health conditions. Once the chemical structure of dietary fibers from fruits is closely related to its biological functions in the human body, we aimed to explore structural features and biological activity of dietary fibers from soursop. Polysaccharides that constitute the soluble and insoluble fibers were extracted and further analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C NMR data. Soursop soluble fibers (SWa fraction) were characterized as having type II arabinogalactan and a highly methyl esterified homogalacturonan, while non-cellulosic insoluble fibers (SSKa fraction) were mainly composed by a pectic arabinan, a xylan-xyloglucan complex and a glucuronoxylan. The oral pre-treatment with SWa and SSKa promoted antinociception in mice writhing test, reducing the number of pain-like behaviors (in 84.2 % and 46.9 %, respectively, at 10 mg/kg) and peritoneal leucocyte migration (55.4 % and 59.1 %, at 10 mg/kg), effects possibly associated with the pectins present in fruit pulp extractions. SWa also significantly inhibited the plasmatic extravasation of Evans blue dye in 39.6 % at 10 mg/kg. This paper describes for the first time the structural features of soursop dietary fibers that may be of biological significance in future.
Assuntos
Annona , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Annona/química , Frutas/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/análiseRESUMO
The purpose of the survey was to determine acute & chronic toxicity; in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the different extracts of A. fraxinifolius Wight and Arn bark; along with estimation of the phenolic, flavonoidal contents and investigation of phenolic metabolites that may attribute to the activities. LD50 of the total ethanol extract (TEE) was 7.1 g/kg b. wt, the radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed 60.31% inhibition, FRAP ability and ABTS+ activity showed 55.024 and 67.217 µmol Trolox/100 g dry weight, respectively. TEE followed by ethyl acetate extract (EAE) at 100 mg/kg b.w exhibited the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% and 91.08% potency, respectively) compared with Vit E (100%). The TEE & EAE exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (3.81±0.08 & 3.79±.0.04) respectively in comparison with indomethacin 3.83±0.01 measured as edema diameter after 4 hours of extract administration. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the total ethanol extract (TEE) estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalents were 61.06± 0.08 µg eq GA/g, 40.33± 0.20 µg CE/g extract respectively. EAE revealed five phenolic acids and eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant
Assuntos
/análise , Fabaceae/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/análise , Ácidos/efeitos adversos , Etanol , Dose Letal Mediana , Acetatos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods have been traditionally used to treat dyspepsia, diarrhea and topically for dermal inflammation. Main objectives: (1) investigate the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of six extracts from AF pods and (2) their capacity to curb the inflammation process as well as to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Five organic extracts (chloroformic, hexanic, ketonic, methanolic, methanolic:aqueous and one aqueous extract) were obtained and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-Q-oa/TOF-MS. Antioxidant activity (DPPHâ¢, ORAC and FRAP assays) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) were performed. Assessment of anti-inflammatory properties was made by the ear edema induced model in CD-1 mice and MPO activity assay. Likewise, histological analysis, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX measurements plus nitrite and immunohistochemistry analysis were carried out. RESULTS: Methyl gallate, gallic acid, galloyl glucose isomer 1, galloyl glucose isomer 2, galloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 1, digalloyl glucose isomer 2, digalloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 4, hydroxytyrosol acetate, quinic acid, and caffeoylmalic acid were identified. Both organic and aqueous extracts displayed antioxidant activity. All extracts exhibited a positive effect on the interleukins, COX and immunohistochemistry assays. CONCLUSION: All AF pod extracts can be effective as antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory agents.
Assuntos
Acacia/química , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Camundongos , Nitritos/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20-60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10-100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Sementes/química , Fatores de Tempo , Medição da Dor , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional medicine, teas made from leaves and bark of Gallesia gorazema are used as antispasmodic, anthelmintic, antihemorrhagic and febrifuge agents. Crude leaves of this plant are also employed as a remedy in the treatment of abscesses, orchitis, gonorrhea and for rheumatic pain relief. this study investigates the presumed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaves and roots Gallesia gorazema (Phytolaccaceae) extracts. The most active extract and its isolated compound, a new natural product, are also evaluated against viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo experiments with mice were used to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Gallesia gorazema extracts. Antiviral activity of extracts and the new natural product was investigated by in vitro experiments. RESULTS: Results show that dichloromethanic root (DRE) and ethanolic leaf (ELE) extracts displayed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in in vivo experiments with mice. Both extracts were also assayed against the herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2, but only DRE was highly active, showing a selective antiviral effect against HSV-1. Phytochemical fractionation of DRE led to the isolation of 28-hydroxyoctacosyl ferulate, a novel natural product, which displayed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 (EC50=21.6 µg/mL) with a selective index above 9, justifying, at least in part, the high selective antiviral activity observed for DRE. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the plant Gallesia gorazema is a potential candidate for the development of novel anti-herpetic phytomedicines.