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OBJECTIVE: The aging of the occlusion and tooth wears influence the smile design This study aimed at evaluating the aging changes of maxillary anterior teeth in nontreated subjects. METHODS: The sample comprised dental models of 23 subjects (13 male, 10 female) with normal occlusions, taken at 13 (T1), 17 (T2) and 61 (T3) years of age. The following variables were measured in the maxillary anterior teeth using digital dental models: crown width/height proportion, anterior view width, crown angulation, gingival and incisal steps between central/lateral incisors and central incisors/canines. Interphase comparisons were evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests or Friedman tests. Sexual differences were evaluated using t tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: From 13 to 61 years of age, a decrease of crown width/height proportion (P = 0.008 and P = < 0.001, for the lateral incisor and canines, respectively) and mesiodistal angulation (P = < 0.001, P = 0.001 and P = 0.025 for the central incisor, lateral incisor and canines, respectively) of the maxillary anterior teeth were observed. The steps of the gingival margin and the incisal steps decreased with aging. CONCLUSIONS: From adolescence to late adulthood, untreated individuals with normal occlusions demonstrated changes in the maxillary anterior teeth that may impair the smile esthetics and attractiveness.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the discrepancy of crown-root morphology of anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide a guidance for proper torque expression. Methods: A total of eligible 200 CBCT were imported into Invivo v. 5.4 software, to obtain the middle labio-lingual sections of anterior teeth. AutoCAD 2007 software was applied to measure the crown-root angulation (Collum angle) and the angle formed by a tangent to the center of the labial surface and the long axis of the crown (labial surface angle). SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical comparisons of the two measurements, at the level of p< 0.05, and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied to investigate the association between the two measurements. Results: The value of Collum angle in maxillary central incisor was close to 0°. Significantly negative Collum angle in lateral incisors and maxillary canine, and positive value in mandibular canine were detected (p < 0.001). The labial surface angle in canine was significantly greater than the intra-arch incisors (p< 0.001), and no significant difference was detected between the central and lateral incisors (p > 0.05). Notably, there was also a significant positive correlation between the two measurements. Conclusions: The crown-root angulations were greatly different among anterior teeth. Accompanying the obvious crown-root angulations, the canines both in maxillary and mandibular arches presented considerable labial surface curvatures. Hence, equivalent deviation during bracket bonding might cause greater torque expression error and increase the risk of alveolar fenestration and dehiscence.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a discrepância na morfologia coroa-raiz de dentes anteriores, utilizando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), e fornecer parâmetros para a expressão apropriada do torque. Método: No total, 200 tomografias elegíveis foram importadas para o software Invivo 5.4 para obtenção das secções médias vestibulolinguais dos dentes anteriores. Osoftware AutoCAD 2007 foi usado para medir a angulação coroa-raiz (ângulo Collum) e o ângulo formado por uma tangente ao centro da superfície vestibular da coroa e o longo eixo da coroa (ângulo da superfície vestibular). O software SPSS 18.0 foi utilizado para as comparações estatísticas das duas medições, com nível de significância de p< 0,05, e a análise de correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para investigar a associação entre as duas medições. Resultados: O valor do ângulo Collum do incisivo central superior foi próximo a 0°. Foram detectados valores significativamente negativos para o ângulo Collum nos incisivos laterais e caninos superiores, mas valores positivos nos caninos inferiores (p< 0,001). O ângulo da superfície vestibular no canino foi significativamente maior do que nos incisivos intra-arcada (p< 0,001), e nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre incisivos centrais e laterais (p> 0,05). Também foi observada uma correlação positiva significativa entre as duas medições. Conclusões: As angulações coroa-raiz foram muito diferentes entre os dentes anteriores. Os caninos superiores e inferiores apresentaram considerável curvatura na superfície vestibular, associada a uma evidente angulação coroa-raiz. Consequentemente, desvios durante a colagem de braquetes podem desencadear maior erro na expressão de torque e aumentar o risco de fenestração alveolar e deiscência, sendo necessária uma avaliação antes da colagem.

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Abstract Restoration of fractured anterior teeth presents a challenge to dental clinicians owing to its esthetic requirements and, more importantly, because of the young age of the patients. Thus, it is important to follow the most conservative protocol. Many professionals face the dilemma of whether or not to perform enamel beveling. This article briefly discusses the clinical perspective and evidence regarding this type of operative restoration procedure.

Resumen: La restauración de dientes anteriores fracturados representa un desafío para los odontólogos debido a sus requisitos estéticos y, lo que es más importante, debido a la corta edad de los pacientes que generalmente necesitan del tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es importante seguir el protocolo más conservador. Muchos profesionales enfrentan el dilema de si realizar o no el biselado del esmalte. Este artículo discute brevemente la perspectiva clínica y la evidencia con respecto a este tipo de procedimiento de restauración quirúrgica.

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Morphology study of root canal systems is essential for a correct diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of root canal treatment. This study aimed to analyse the dental anatomy of the lower anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Lower anterior teeth were classified in terms of type, number and location of root canals, evaluating the bilaterality of anatomical occurrences and determining whether the gender and age influence the findings. We analysed 749 CBCT of patients attending the School of Dentistry for different reasons. Spearman's correlations and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyse data (α = 0.05). There was no significant correlation between gender (male and female) and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.162), 32 (P = 0.815), 31 (P = 0.708), 41 (P = 0.422), 42 (P = 0.382) and 43 (P = 0.063). There was a significant correlation between age and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.045), 32 (P = 0.033), 31 (P = 0.022), 41 (P = 0.000), 42 (P = 0.037) and 43 (P = 0.037). There was no significant correlation between gender and patients' age (P = 0.325). There was no anatomical difference between the bilateral pairs (right and left homologous teeth) (P > 0.05). The most common anatomical configuration was single-canal teeth (85.29%), followed by the configuration in which one canal leaves the chamber, divides into two and unite again (12.88%). Anatomy of the lateral incisors and lower canines does not change with the gender of patients. However, as age rises, single canals and the incidence of division into two canals ending in a single foramen also increases.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction, gross fracture and marginal adaptation of e.max press endocrowns versus e.max press crowns retained with Fiber reinforced composite post (FRCP) and core in upper anterior teeth. Material and methods: The present study included 24 patients seeking root canal treatment in anterior upper arch. The patients received root canal treatment (RCT) then they were randomly assigned into two groups (n=12). The first group received preparation for the IPS e.max crowns retained with FRCP and core and the second group received preparation for the IPS e.max endocrowns. Press technique was used for the fabrication of both restorations using IPS e.max press ingots. Marginal integrity and gross fracture were evaluated using USPHS criteria and a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: There was no statistical significant difference regarding gross fracture of both groups after 12 months (p-value = 0.093, Effect size = 0.447), meanwhile; group 1 was statistically significantly higher than group 2 regarding marginal integrity (p-value = 0.037, Effect size = 0.513). Regarding patient satisfaction FRCP and core group showed statistical significant higher satisfaction than endocrown group (p-value = 0.047, Effect size = 0.447). Conclusion: E.max press endocrowns revealed successful performance similar to e.max press crowns retained with FRCP in terms of gross fracture, however better marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction was obtained with e.max press crowns retained with FRC post and core group. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a satisfação do paciente, grau de fratura grosseira e adaptação marginal de endocrowns e.max versus coroas de e.max retidas com pino de compósito reforçado com fibra (FRCP) e núcleo nos dentes anteriores superiores. Material e métodos: O presente estudo incluiu 24 pacientes que buscavam tratamento endodôntico na arcada superior anterior. Os pacientes receberam tratamento de canal radicular (RCT) e foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n = 12). O primeiro grupo recebeu preparação para as coroas IPS e.max retidas com FRCP e núcleo e o segundo grupo recebeu preparos para as endocrowns IPS e.max. A técnica de prensagem foi usada para a fabricação de ambas as restaurações usando os lingotes de prensagem IPS e.max. A integridade marginal e a fratura macroscópica foram avaliadas usando os critérios da USPHS e um questionário foi realizado para avaliar a satisfação do paciente. Os dados foram analisados usando IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à fratura bruta de ambos os grupos após 12 meses (p-valor = 0,093, tamanho do efeito = 0,447), entretanto; o grupo 1 foi estatisticamente significativamente maior do que o grupo 2 em relação à integridade marginal (p-valor = 0,037, tamanho do efeito = 0,513). Em relação à satisfação do paciente, o FRCP e o grupo principal mostraram maior satisfação estatisticamente significativa do que o grupo endocrown (p-valor = 0,047, tamanho do efeito = 0,447). Conclusão: as endocrowns E.max press revelaram um desempenho bem-sucedido semelhante às coroas e.max press retidas com FRCP em termos de fratura bruta, no entanto, melhor adaptação marginal e satisfação do paciente foram obtidas com as coroas e.max press retidas com pilar FRC e núcleo de preenchimento (AU)

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O enceramento hoje na Odontologia possui seu lugar de importância no planejamento protético. A partir dele temos a previsibilidade de como o tratamento ficará e o paciente pode opinar e fazer parte desse desenvolvimento. (AU)

Waxing in Dentistry has its place of importance in prosthetic planning today. Considering that through it, it is possible to predict how patient treatment will be and the patient can participate giving his opinion and being part of this development.

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Objective: The present study aimed to explore the existence of golden proportion (GP) between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth and golden standard (GS) for width to height ratio of maxillary central incisor in individuals with attractive and non-attractive smiles. Material and Methods: A total 82 females were recruited and divided into 2 groups: attractive smile (n=41) and non-attractive smile (n=41). Frontal photographs were taken, scanned, and saved in a personal computer. The apparent mesiodistal width of each anterior tooth was measured. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests at a P-value of 0.05). Conclusion: Frequency of the golden proportion was very low among the study population. Smile attractiveness was not greatly related to the proportions between the teeth. (AU)

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a existência de proporção áurea (GP) entre as larguras dos dentes anteriores superiores e padrão-ouro (GS) para a relação largura-altura do incisivo central superior em indivíduos com sorrisos atraentes e não atraentes. Material e Métodos: Foram recrutadas 82 mulheres, divididas em 2 grupos: sorriso atraente (n = 41) e sorriso não atraente (n = 41). Fotografias frontais foram tiradas, digitalizadas e salvas em um computador pessoal. A largura aparente mesiodistal de cada dente anterior foi medida. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes estatísticos apropriados, com valor de p 0,05). Conclusão: A frequência da proporção áurea foi muito baixa na população estudada. Atratividade de sorriso não foi fortemente relacionada com as proporções entre os dentes. (AU)

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A busca pelo sorriso perfeito tem sido cada vez maior. Atualmente, as pessoas estão cada vez mais preocupadas com o sorriso, que é definido, por muitos, como a "porta de entrada". Isso porque os padrões de estética da sociedade estão cada vez mais exigentes e, a Odontologia também precisa acompanhar essa busca pela estética. Porém, cada paciente apresenta a sua individualidade e sua estética aceitável, que é definida não só pela vontade do paciente, mas também pela relação entre um conjunto de fatores, que envolve desde características faciais até características dentárias e dos tecidos adjacentes. É de extrema importância também, no ramo da odontologia, não esquecer que, em um trabalho protético, deve-se devolver função do elemento perdido, além da estética. Por isso, devido à tamanha exigência, o planejamento odontológico deve ser feito após uma minuciosa análise de todos os fatores e, para que se tenha um resultado satisfatório, é necessário englobar as diversas especialidades (prótese, implante, ortodontia, periodontia, entre outros), o que torna o planejamento odontológico como um fator multidisciplinar. Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores de risco estético que devem ser avaliados previamente à confecção de coroas anteriores, sejam elas sobre dente ou implante. Após a análise de todos esses fatores, é preciso considerar procedimentos cirúrgicos para melhorar certas características, visando sempre obter resultados finais cada vez mais estéticos, sem que estes deixem de cumprir a sua função. Além disso, o tratamento odontológico tem que ser direcionado por um planejamento que visa a união de estética e função.(AU)

The search for the perfect smile has been growing. Nowadays, people are increasingly worried about the smile, which is defined, by many, as the "gateway." This is because society's aesthetic standards are increasingly demanding, and dentistry also needs to follow this quest for aesthetics. However, each patient presents their individuality and their acceptable aesthetic, which is defined not only by the patient's will, but also by the relationship between a set of factors, which ranges from facial features to dental characteristics and adjacent tissues. It is also extremely important, in the dentistry field, not to forget that, in a prosthetic work, one must return function of the lost element, besides the aesthetics. Therefore, due to such a requirement, dental planning must be done after a thorough analysis of all factors and, in order to have a satisfactory result, it is necessary to include the different specialties (prosthesis, implant, orthodontics, periodontics, among others), which makes dental planning a multidisciplinary factor. The objective of this study was to identify the aesthetic risk factors that should be evaluated prior to the creation of anterior crowns, be they on tooth or implant. After analyzing all these factors, it is necessary to consider surgical procedures to improve certain characteristics, aiming always to obtain final results more and more aesthetic, without they fail to fulfill their function. In addition, the dental treatment has to be directed by a planning that aims at the union of aesthetics and function.(AU)

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Las proporciones largo/ancho intradental han sido propuestas en más de once diferentes modelos a la fecha pero no se han estudiando en población mestiza Colombiana. Se utilizaron modelos de agrupamiento jerárquico (K-Means) para entender cual explica mejor la distribución de los datos. También se analizaron co-variables de sexo, edad y atrición leve para evaluar su influencia sobre la distribución general. Fueron utilizadas fotografías estandarizadas de dientes anteriores de 274 individuos de ambos sexos con dientes completamente erupcionados y sanos. Las mediciones fueron realizadas con programas informáticos calibrados (error de 0,05 mm). Se utilizó la prueba Chi Cuadrado para demostrar que las co-variables el sexo (valor de p= 0,09), edad (valor de p= 0,54) y atrición leve (valor de p= 0,32) no tuvieron impacto en la distribución de las proporciones dentales. Con respecto al análisis de conglomerados a través de las K-Means, se identificaron dos grupos diferenciados en toda la muestra: proporciones verticales (dientes mas largos) y proporciones horizontales (dientes mas anchos). Un tercer grupo solapado entre las dos tendencias lo denominamos de proporciones balanceadas. No hay un modelo de proporción intradental universal que pueda describir toda la población, pero fue posible encontrar un conjunto de modelos para los diferentes subgrupos de población. Los ideales estéticos se encuentran en abierta interpretación. Los patrones absolutos son imprácticos en biología ya que no predicen la complejidad de esta.

The intradental length / width ratios have been proposed in more than eleven different models to date. However they have not been studied in the Colombian Mestizo population. Hierarchical clustering models (K-Means) were used to understand which best explains the distribution of the data. Co-variables of sex, age, and mild attrition were also analyzed to assess their influence on overall distribution. Standardized photographs of anterior teeth of 274 individuals of both sexes with fully erupted and healthy teeth were used. Measurements were taken with calibrated software (error of 0.05 mm). Chi square test was used to show that the co-variables sex (p value = 0.09), age (p value = 0.54) and mild attrition (p value = 0.32) had no impact In the distribution of dental proportions. With respect to the analysis of conglomerates through the K-Means, two distinct groups were identified throughout the sample: Vertical proportions (longer teeth) and horizontal proportions (wider teeth). A third group overlapping the two trends we called balanced proportions. There is no universal intraday proportion model that can describe the entire population, but it was possible to find a set of models for different population subgroups. Aesthetic ideals are in open interpretation. Absolute patterns are impractical in biology because they do not predict the complexity of biology.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the proposed technique in producing restorations that exhibit mimesis with tooth structure and to define a restorative clinical protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study a typodont was used. The right upper central incisor with Class IV lesion was restored with the layering technique (reference tooth, RT). For the left upper central incisor with Class IV lesion, six teeth were restored monochromatically (test teeth, TT), using DA3.5 (n = 3) and DA4 (n = 3) composite resins-resulting in six unsatisfactory color restorations. TT were divided into six groups depending on the color of unsatisfactory restoration and preparation depth. First, a preparation was realized on the labial surface with 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or 1.0 mm of depth. A second preparation was then performed to reproduce the dentinal mamelons. Next, adhesive procedures were performed and the teeth restored. Opaque halo, opalescent halo and vestibular enamel were then reproduced by the addition of different composite resins. The RT and TT were photographed side by side in typodont to obtain six photographic prints. The photographs of the groups were subjected to visual evaluation by 120 volunteers via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the prevalence of answers, and Chi-square test was used to investigate the association between variables at .05 significance. Furthermore, ΔE of groups was evaluated in comparison RT. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the moderate intensity restorations (DA3.5) with depths of 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm had the highest prevalence of acceptance. For severe intensity restorations (DA4), the preparation depth of 1.0 mm obtained better acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: The technique was able to modify the final color of Class IV restorations, producing satisfactory color restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This technique can be used for color correction in cases of Class IV restorations, in situations where there is no time for immediate layered restoration, and as a restorative technique.

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RESUMEN: Objetivo: La distancia intercantal (DIC) es utilizado para la selección de los dientes anterosuperiores y es la dimensión más estable en el tiempo Sin embargo, es variable entre razas y poblaciones, particularmente en Sudamérica. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la correlación entre DIC y el ancho de los dientes maxilares anteriores en una población adulta jóven del sur de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 111 estudiantes voluntarios (promedio edad 22.4 años; 65.7% hombres) de la ciudad de Valdivia, sur de Chile. Se midió DIC y el ancho mesiodistal del incisivo central superior, la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores y de los seis dientes anterosuperiores en modelos de estudio. Se analizó la diferencia de las mediciones según sexo (test de Student; p<0.05) y la correlación lineal entre DIC y las medidas dentales (r=0.8; p<0.05. STATA v.10.0) Resultados: Todas las mediciones fueron significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres (p<0.05). Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la DIC y la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores (p=0.04) y de los seis dientes anterosuperiores (p=0.03). Se obtuvo una razón de 1:0.94 y 1:1.28 de DIC con la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores y los seis dientes anterosuperiores, respectivamente. Conclusión: La DIC presentó una correlación lineal y proporcional con los dientes anteriores, pudiendo estimar el ancho lineal de los dientes anterosuperiores en una población adulta joven del Sur de Chile.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Intercanthal distance (ICD) is a parameter used to select the upper anterior teeth and the most stable measurement overtime. However, it is variable between race and populations, particularly in South America. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between ICD and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in young adult population from southern of Chile. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was designed. One Hundred eleven volunteers students (average age 22.4 years; 65.7% men) from Valdivia city (southern of Chile) were included. ICD and mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, linear distance of the four upper incisors and linear distance of the six upper front teeth in plaster study models weremeasured. The mean of difference measurement between sex (ttest; p<0.05) and the linear correlation between DIC and the width of the upper anterior were analyzed (r=0.8; p<0.05; STATA v.10.0). Results: All measurement were significantly higher in male than female (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation between ICD and distance of the four upper incisors (p=0.04) and the six upper front teeth (p=0.03) were observed. A 1:0.94 and 1:1.28 ratios between ICD with the linear distance of the upper incisors and the six maxillary anterior were obtained respectively. Conclusion: ICD presented a linear and proportional correlation with maxillary anterior teeth. With these results it is possible to estimate the linear width of the upper front teeth in young adult population from southern of Chile.

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Teeth proportions relate to beauty and harmony but aesthetic dental ideal proportion models show inconsistent results. Golden Proportion´s, Preston's, Fayyad's, Snow's, and Ward's models where characterized for best fit in a Colombian mestizo population anterior teeth. Models of teeth´s beauty proportions (Golden Proportion´s, Preston's, Fayyad's, Snow's, and Ward') are analyzed for best fit in a mestizo (mixed race) Colombian population and variables as sex, aesthetic balance or history of previous orthodontic treatments were also analyzed for their probable impact on the distribution of the dental proportions. It was used standardized photographs of anterior teeth on 351 individuals of both sexes with complete erupted and healthy teeth. The measurements were done by calibrated computer software (error of 0.05 mm). A Chi squared test was used to check whether sex, aesthetic balance and previous orthodontic treatment had an impact on the distribution of the dental proportions. Also a nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to analysis the null hypothesis. A cluster analysis using k means was carried out to search for subgroups, which better explain the distribution of anterior dental proportions in the sample. For the considered results the null hypothesis of the mean equaling to the Golden Proportion was rejected (Wilcoxon test p value <0.001). For the whole population, the Chi squared test did not reject the null hypothesis of equal proportions among the groups with respect to the sex (p value= 0.56), aesthetic balance (p value= 0.98) and history of previous orthodontic treatments (p value= 0.67) variables. For the aesthetically balanced individuals, the Chi squared test also failed to reject the null hypothesis of equal proportions among the groups with respect to the sex (p value= 0.63) and history of previous orthodontic treatments (p value= 0.93) variables. Two Gaussian distributions were found for RED models fitting well in 58 % for RED 70 % (0.7 SD 0.03) and 42 % for RED 75 (0.75 SD 0.025). From the cluster analysis using k means, two groups were identified in the whole sample. No universal model can describe the whole population but is possible to find a set of models for the different population subgroups. Aesthetically ideals are open to interpretation. Clinical aesthetically standards for ideal teeth proportions are open to interpretation in a mestizo (mixed raced) population.

Las proporciones de los dientes se refieren a su belleza y armonía, pero los modelos de proporciones dentales estéticas ideales muestran resultados inconsistentes. La proporción Aurea y los modelos de Preston, Fayyad, Snow, y Ward fueron ajustados para caracterizar los dientes de una población colombiana mestiza. Modelos de proporciones de belleza de dientes (Proporción Aurea, Modelos de Preston, Fayyad, Snow y Ward) se analizaron para lograr alcanzar el mejor ajuste en una población colombiana mestiza (mezcla de razas), y también se analizaron las variables de sexo, equilibrio estético e historia de tratamientos de ortodoncia previos para evaluar su probable impacto sobre la distribución de las proporciones dentales consideradas. Fueron utilizadas fotografías estandarizadas de dientes anteriores de 351 individuos de ambos sexos con dientes completamente erupcionados y sanos. Las mediciones fueron realizadas con programas informáticos calibrados (error de 0,05 mm). Se utilizó la prueba Chi Cuadrado para comprobar si el sexo, el equilibrio estético y el tratamiento ortodóncico previo tuvieron un impacto en la distribución de las proporciones dentales. También se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon para el análisis de la hipótesis nula. Un análisis de conglomerados, utilizando la media k, se llevó a cabo para buscar subgrupos, que explicaron mejor la distribución de proporciones dentales anteriores en la muestra. Para que los resultados fueran considerados, la hipótesis nula de la media que equivale a la proporción áurea fue rechazada (Prueba de Wilcoxon, valor p <0,001). Para toda la población, la prueba de Chi Cuadrado no rechazó la hipótesis nula de proporciones iguales entre los grupos con respecto al sexo (valor de p= 0,56), equilibrio estético (valor de p= 0,98) y la historia de tratamientos de ortodoncia previos ( valor de p= 0,67). Para los individuos estéticamente balanceados, la prueba de Chi Cuadrado tampocó rechazó la hipótesis nula de proporciones iguales entre los grupos con respecto a las variables de sexo (valor p= 0,63) y la historia de los tratamientos de ortodoncia anteriores (valor p= 0,93). Se encontraron dos distribuciones gaussianas para los modelos RED que encajaron bien en el 58% para RED 70 % (0,7 DE 0,03) y el 42 % para RED 75 (0,75 DE 0,025). Con respecto al análisis de los conglomerados a través de las medias k, se identificaron dos grupos en toda la muestra. No hay un modelo universal que pueda describir toda la población, pero es posible encontrar un conjunto de modelos para los diferentes subgrupos de población. Los ideales estéticamente están abiertos a interpretación. Las normas clínicas de estética para dientes con proporciones ideales están abiertos a interpretación en una población mestiza.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case of nasal floor elevation and simultaneous dental implant placement. CASE REPORT: The patient presented to the clinic of the Center of Education and Research on Dental Implants (CEPID) in the Department of Dentistry at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil), for follow-up for peri-implantitis control. After clinical and radiographic assessment, two of three implants on anterior maxilla were removed. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan revealed no bone height for conventional length implant insertion. Nasal floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement were performed, with nasal cavity augmentation carried out with bovine bone graft. After six months, the implants were reopened successfully. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal floor elevation proved to be a reliable method for dental implants insertion on the anterior atrophic maxilla when bone height reconstruction was necessary. The use of bovine bone substitutes for nasal cavity augmentation showed predictable results as well as simultaneous implant placement.

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The knowledge of dental morphometry, especially of its radicular portion, is of great importance for certain dental specialties, such as, endodonty. Regarding the permanent lower anterior teeth we know that its morphology and root length, are variable. The aim of this study was to analyze the average length of the dental roots of permanent lower anterior teethin Brazilian individuals. The average root length obtained in this study for the lower central incisors was 13.07 mm; to lower canines the value found was 15.81 mm; the average value for the radicular portion of lower lateral incisors was 13.08 mm. We conclude that the mean value for the length of the radicular portion of permanent lower central incisors is similar to that found for permanent lower lateral incisors, because they have similar anatomical features. Among the lower incisors and lower canines the discrepancy is greater because the lower canines are bulkier. Furthermore, we could conclude that the values obtained in our study may be used as a parameter to characterize the average length of the dental roots of permanent lower anterior teethin Brazilian individuals.

El conocimiento de la morfometría dental, especialmente de su porción radicular, es de gran importancia para determinadas especialidades odontológicas, tales como la endodoncia. En cuanto a los dientes anteriores inferiores permanentes se sabe que su morfología y longitud radicular son variables. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el valor promedio de la longitud de las raíces dentales de los dientes anteriores inferiores permanentes de individuos brasileños. El valor promedio de la longitud de la raíz obtenido para el incisivo central inferior fue el 13,07 mm; para el canino inferior el valor promedio encontrado fue el 15,81 mm; el valor promedio para la porción radicular del incisivo lateral inferior fue el 13,08 mm. Se concluye que el valor promedio de la longitud de la porción radicular de los incisivos centrales mandibulares permanentes es similar al valor encontrado para los incisivos laterales mandibulares permanentes, hecho que se debe a las características anatómicas similares existentes entre ellos. Entre los incisivos y caninos mandibulares la discrepancia es mayor porque los caninos mandibulares son más voluminosos. Adicionalmente, concluimos que se puede utilizar los valores promedios obtenidos en este estudio como parámetro para caracterizar la longitud promedio de las raíces dentales de los dientes anteriores mandibulares permanentes de individuos Brasileños.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate thenine-year clinical performance of Class III composite restorations using two microhybrid anterior composite resins [Magic™-Vigodent/(F) and Z100™-3M ESPE/(Z)]. Material and Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial, following the splitmouth design. Seventy restorations were placed, thirty-five for each resin composite into 35 patients. The restorations were placed by one operator according to the manufacturers’ specifications. Two independent evaluators conducted the clinical evaluation using modified USPHS criteria. After nine years, 56 restorations (28F-28Z) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Exact Fisherand McNemar tests (p < 0.05). Results: Nopost operative sensitivity, secondary caries and loss of anatomic form was observed after nine-years for both composites. There were no significant differences between the two composites tested at baseline and after nine-years. Significant differen ces for Z and Frestorations between baseline and nine-year with respect to color matching and for F regarding themarginal integrity were detected. Conclusion: The clinical performance of both materials was consideredacceptable after the 9-year evaluation...

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar após nove anos a performance clínica de restaurações de classe III em resina composta, utilizando-se duas resinas microhíbridas para dentes anteriores [Magic-Vigodent/(F) e Z100-3M ESPE/(Z)]. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico controlado aleatório, o qual utilizou o desenho de boca dividida.Setenta restaurações foram realizadas em trinta e cinco pacientes, sendo trinta e cinco para cada resina composta. As restaurações foram realizadas por um único operador seguindo as especificações dos fabricantes. Dois avaliadores independentes avaliaram as restaurações utilizando-se o critério USPHS modificado. Após nove anos, 56 restaurações(38F – 28Z) foram avaliadas. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e McNemar (p < 0,05). Resultados: Não foram detectados sensibilidade pós-operatória, cárie secundária e perda de forma anatômica no período analisado para ambas resinas. Não houve diferenças entre o período inicial e de nove anos para as resinas testadas, exceto para Z e F foram em relação à a cor e para a integridade do material para F. Conclusão: O comportamento clínico das duas resinas testadas foi considerado adequado após nove anos de avaliação...

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La pérdida de dientes temporales anteriores debido a las caries, patología pulpar y fracturas coronarias ha sido reconocida como uno de los factores etiológicos más severos de los problemas dentales en el campo de la odontopediatría. Uno de los mayores avances en la odontología en los últimos años implica la adhesión al esmalte de los dientes primarios, lo que ha llevado a desarrollar muchas técnicas para restaurar estéticamente al diente. Los obstáculos en este tema son la presencia de la capa aprismática en la superficie de los dientes temporales, cuyo espesor llega a ser de 25 μ, y la cantidad reducida del esmalte. Sin embargo, los dentistas pueden superar estos factores y producir restauraciones hermosas. Las coronas fabricadas con composite para técnicas indirectas, utilizadas en el laboratorio, optimizan las características químicas, físicas y por lo general se polimerizan mediante el uso de medios físicos (luz, calor, presión, etc.), por lo que presentan superficies homogéneas y libres de poros, lo que le da una buena estética, mayor resistencia a la abrasión y una adaptación adecuada. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de rehabilitación con restauraciones de composites indirectas (Signum-ceramis-Heraeus), mostrando una técnica para la rehabilitación de los dientes anteriores superiores temporales, sin la colocación de provisionales. La rehabilitación de los dientes temporales con coronas de nano-resina híbrida prefabricadas en laboratorio son una buena opción en odontopediatría.

Within the field of dentistry, loss of primary teeth due to caries, pulp conditions and crown fractures has been recognized as one of the most severe etiological factors of dental problems in the pediatric dentistry field. One of the greatest headways in dentistry in the last years encompasses the adhesion to enamel of primary teeth, this has led to the development of many techniques to restore the tooth. Obstacles that might be encountered are the presence of an aprismatic layer on the surface of primary teeth. This layer might reach 25 μ as well as the reduced amount of enamel present. Nevertheless, dentists might overcome these factors and manufacture esthetically-pleasing restorations. Crowns manufactured with composite resins and used in indirect techniques in the laboratory optimize physical and chemical characteristics and in general, polymerize with the use of physical means (light, heat, pressure, etc.). Therefore, they present smooth, pore-free surfaces, which allow for suitable esthetics, greater resistance to abrasion and proper adaptation. The aim of the present work was to present a clinical case of rehabilitation with indirect composite resin restoration (Signum-ceramis-Heraeus) and to show a technique for the rehabilitation of primary, upper anterior teeth which did not entail placement of provisional teeth. Rehabilitation of primary temporary teeth with nano-resin-hybrid crowns prefabricated in the lab represents a suitable option in the field of pediatric dentistry.

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Las cerámicas dentales son conocidas por su excelencia en reproducir artificialmente los dientes naturales. Casos clínicos más severos en el sector anterior, con acentuada alteración del color, necesidad de substitución de coronas o amplias restauraciones, asociado a una redefinición y largura de los dientes, son solucionadas satisfactoriamente a través de los nuevos sistemas cerámicos como lo sistema IPS e.Max. Este sistema es basado en una cerámica vítrea reforzada con cristales de disilicato de litio (60­65%). En este artículo sereporta un caso deunapaciente de 47 años de edadque se realizaron cuatro coronas totales con el sistema cerámico IPS e.Max. El resultado final muestra una estética natural y funcional, con óptimas propiedades ópticas, que son peculiares al sistema cerámico empleado. La conclusión es que el sistema cerámico IPS e.Max es un sistema muy versátil, además de convertirse actualmente en una excelente alternativa como sistema de restauración, tanto estética como funcionalmente, consiguiendo una excelente armonía entre la sonrisa del paciente y la estética de las restauraciones.

Dental ceramics are known for their excellence in the artificial reproduction of natural teeth. Clinical cases with severe marked discoloration in the anterior region, need of crown replacement or extensive restorations associated to a redefinition and length of the teeth, are successfully treated with new ceramic systems such as IPS system e. Max. The system is based on glass-reinforced ceramic lithium disilicate crystals (60­65%). This article describes a case of a 47 year old woman with four full crowns made with IPS e.max ceramic system is reported. The final result shows a natural and functional aesthetic with excellent optical properties, which are particular to the ceramic system used. In conclusion the IPS e.max ceramic system is a versatile system in addition to currently becoming an excellent alternative for restoration systems, both aesthetically and functionally, achieving an excellent balance between the patient's smile and aesthetic restorations.

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Este trabalho foi uma revisão de literatura que discorre sobre a regra de proporção áurea em dentes anteriores superiores, no período de 1998 a 2012, utilizando como base de dados o periódico Capes e o acervo da biblioteca da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Concluiu-se que a proporção áurea pode ser encontrada nos dentes anteriores superiores, numa visão frontal, entre a largura do incisivo central e a largura do lateral, e entre a largura do incisivo lateral e largura do canino. Porém, esta proporção não ocorre naturalmente na maior parte da população. Nos tratamentos restauradores estéticos de dentes anteriores superiores a proporção divina pode ser usada como guia, devolvendo de forma eficiente a harmonia do sorriso, porém não garantindo a beleza do sorriso, já que este é um conceito bastante subjetivo.

This study is a literature review about golden proportion in upper anterior teeth between the period of 1998 to 2012, searched in Periodicos Capes and from the library collection of the Faculty of Dentistry UFJF. It was concluded that the golden proportion can be found in the upper anterior teeth, from a front view, between the central incisor width and the lateral incisor width and between the lateral incisor width and the canine width. However, this proportion does not occur naturally in most people. In esthetic restorative treatments of upper anterior teeth the divine proportion can be used as a guide, effectively returning the harmony of the smile, however not warranting the beauty of the smile as this is a very subjective concept.

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate if general dental practitioners (GDPs) in private practice in Jordan follow universal guidelines for preparation of anterior teeth for resin bonded all-ceramic crowns (RBCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample (n=100) of laboratory models containing 208 tooth preparations for IPS Empress and In Ceram, featuring work from different GDPs, was obtained from 8 commercial dental laboratories. Aspects of preparations were quantified and compared with accepted criteria defined following a review of the literature and recommendations of the manufactures' guidelines. RESULTS: Subgingival margins on the buccal aspect were noticed in 36 percent of the preparations, 54 percent demonstrated overpreparation with a tendency to overprepare the teeth on the mesiodistal plane more than buccolingual plane. Twenty percent of samples presented a shoulder finish line while a chamfer margin design was noticed in 39 percent. Twenty-nine percent and 12 percent of samples had either a feathered or no clear margin design respectively. Incisal underpreparation was observed in 18 percent of dies of each type. Only 17 percent of all preparations were found to follow the recommended anatomical labial preparations while 29 percent of the RBC preparations were found to have the recommended axial convergence angle. In total, 43 percent of preparations were found to have the recommended depth of the finish line. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that relevant guidelines for RBC preparations were not being fully adhered to in private practice in Jordan.

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El propósito de este artículo es mostrar una alternativa más dentro de las que en la actualidad existen para restaurar la zona anterior, mediante el uso de coronas de acero cromo con un frente estético ceramizado mediante Art-glass®. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 1 año y 10 meses de edad, el cual presenta caries por alimentación infantil, con destrucción coronal de los cuatro incisivos temporales superiores. El plan de tratamiento consistió en el tratamiento pulpar mediante la realización de una pulpectomía para obturar el conducto con Vitapex®, dos pulpotomías y la restauración de los cuatro dientes anteriores mediante la colocación de coronas de acero cromo con Art-glass®. Estas coronas son una excelente opción para una restauración estética, debido a que se cuenta con una gran gama de colores, es de fácil fabricación y al ser una técnica indirecta, nos permite dejar un espacio libre de cerómero para lograr un buen ajuste coronal.

The aim of this article is to present an additional alternative to restore the anterior zone, using crowns of steel chromium with a ceromer aesthetic front by means of Art-glass®. It is presented a clinical report of a masculine patient of 1 year 10 months of age, with early childhood dental caries, with coronal destruction of the four deciduous superior incisors. The treatment planning consisted of pulpar treatment with pulpectomy and endodontic obturation with Vitapex®, two pulpotomies and the restoration of these with steel chromium crowns with Art-glass®. These crowns are an excellent option for an aesthetic restoration, because of its great variety of colors, its easy manufacture, and being an indirect technique allows leaving a free space of ceromer to obtain a good coronal adjustment.

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