RESUMO
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of cross-sectional variations in the apical thirds of the root canals in maxillary and mandibular teeth. Material and Methods: Eighty tooth samples (maxillary second premolar, maxillary first molar, and mandibular first molar) were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The apical third area of each root canal was sectioned and the maximum and minimum diameters were calculated from the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. The shapes were categorized as a round, oval, long oval, and flat based on the ratios obtained. Results: The most common shape of the apical third of the root canals in the maxillary second premolars was oval (66.7%), followed by long oval (24.6%), flat (7%), and round (1.7%). The corresponding values in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars were oval (68.2%), long oval (22.7%), flat (9.1%), 94.1% of the distobuccal roots were oval, while the remaining were long oval (5.9%). All the palatal root canals were oval. In the mesiobuccal root of the mandibular first molars, 47.4% were long oval in shape, followed by 36.8% oval and 15.8% flat canals. All the mesiolingual root canals were oval, whereas, in the distal root, 68.4% were oval, 21.1% long oval, and 10.5% were flat. Conclusion: The oval shape was most commonly observed in the majority of the root canals. Knowledge about the apical anatomy of the root can help the operator improve the root canal treatment's success.
Assuntos
Humanos , Dente Pré-Molar , Anatomia Transversal/instrumentação , Cavidade Pulpar , Endodontia , Dente Molar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Indonésia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine if pars plana vitrectomy induces long-term changes in the anterior segment anatomy by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: A prospective case series study was undertaken of consecutive patients referred to a tertiary eye care centre for pars plana vitrectomy as the only procedure. Twenty eyes of 20 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy alone were studied by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Silicone oil or scleral buckle was not used in any of the included cases. The following morphometric parameters were compared before and after 3 months of surgery: anterior chamber depth, angle-opening distance at 500 æm from the scleral spur, trabecular-ciliary process distance, ciliary body thickness at 1, 2 and 3 millimeters from the scleral spur and measurement of the supraciliary space thickness, when fluid was detected. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative and the postoperative morphometric parameters. CONCLUSION: Uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy does not induce any long-term change on anterior segment morphometry. Based on these findings, the normal long-term pattern to be expected after pars plana vitrectomy is the conservation of the preoperative morphometry.
OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar, por meio da biometria ultra-sônica (UBM), se a vitrectomia via "pars plana" pode induzir alterações permanentes na anatomia do segmento anterior. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, analisando-se uma série consecutiva de pacientes, encaminhados para um centro de referência terciário para serem submetidos a vitrectomia via "pars plana" como único procedimento. Vinte olhos de 20 pacientes a serem submetidos a vitrectomia como único procedimento foram estudados pela biomicroscopia ultra-sônica. Oleo de silicone ou introflexão escleral não foram usados em nenhum dos casos incluídos. Os seguintes parâmetros morfométricos foram comparados antes e após 3 meses da cirurgia: profundidade da câmara anterior, abertura do ângulo a 500 æm do esporão escleral, distância trabéculo-processos ciliares, espessura do corpo ciliar a 1, 2 e 3 milímetros do esporão escleral e medida da espessura do espaço supraciliar, quando fluido foi detectado. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório para os parâmetros morfométricos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A vitrectomia via "pars plana" não-complicada não induz alterações permanentes na morfometria do segmento anterior. Com base nestes achados, o padrão normal esperado após a vitrectomia via "pars plana" é a conservação da morfometria pré-operatória.