RESUMO

Natural products have always played a significant role in the search for new drugs. One of the most relevant alkaloid-containing plant groups is the Amaryllidaceae family, a source of exclusive structures with a wide variety of pharmacological activities. The aim of this work was to determine the alkaloid composition and biological potential of an extract from the bulbs of an endemic Peruvian Amaryllidaceae species Ismene amancaes (Ker Gawl.) Herb. The alkaloid profiling was carried out by GC-MS, which revealed the presence of 13 compounds, 2 of them unidentified. The plant extract was found to contain high amounts of lycoramine, a galanthamine-type alkaloid. The extract also presented low inhibitory potential against the enzymes AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 14.6 ± 0.6 and 37.6 ± 1.4 µg·mL-1, respectively, and good to moderate inhibitory activity against the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR-3 (chloroquine-resistant), with IC50 values of 3.78 ± 0.3 µg·mL-1. This is the first report of the alkaloid profile of a plant of the Ismene genus, which could be an interesting source of bioactive compounds.

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se informa sobre el inventario de la flora vascular de las lomas de Villa María y Aman-caes, Lima. Las expediciones para inventariar ambas localidades se realizaron en setiembre y octubre del 2011. En ambos lugares fueron registradas 121 especies, agrupadas en 41 familias y 99 géneros. Las familias más diversas fueron Asteraceae y Boraginaceae con 17 y 8 especies respectivamente. En las lomas de Villa María se registraron 112 especies agrupadas en 99 géneros y 39 familias, de las cuales 20 fueron endémicas; siendo una de las lomas más diversas de Lima después de Lachay y Carabayllo. En las lomas de Amancaes se registraron 51 especies agrupadas en 43 géneros y 28 familias, de las cuales 9 fueron endémicas. El bajo número de especies en Amancaes se debe a la reducción del área que ocupa producto del crecimiento urbano. En ambas localidades, la vegetación es predominantemente herbácea, con el 77% de las especies en Villa María y 86% en Amancaes. Ambas lomas están sometidas un gran impacto por la expansión urbana, lo que ha reducido el tamaño de sus áreas y ha contribuido a su contaminación, principalmente con los residuos sólidos.

This paper reports the inventory of vascular flora of Villa Maria and Amancaes Lomas, Lima, Peru. The expeditions for inventorying both locations were conducted in September and October 2011. We registered 121 species in both localities, belonging to 99 genera and 41 families. The most diverse families were Asteraceae and Boraginaceae with 17 and 8 species respectively. Villa Maria lomas 112 species in 99 genera and 39 families were registered, of which 20 are endemic. Villa Maria lomas is one of the most diverse lomas in Lima after Lachay and Carabayllo. In Amancaes lomas, 51 species in 43 genera and 28 families were registered, of which 9 are endemic. The low number of species in Amancaes lomas is due to the reduction of the area occupied, caused by urban growth. In both localities, the vegetation is predominantly herbaceous, with 77% of the species in Villa Maria and 86% in Amancaes. Both lomas are having a high impact by the urban expansion, which has reduced their area size and contributed to their pollution, mainly with solid waste.