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1.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 16: 2, 240-50, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12344286

RESUMO

PIP: This document contains major provisions of the constitution adopted by Brazil on 5 October 1988. This constitution seeks to promote the welfare of all citizens without discrimination. The equality of all citizens is guaranteed, and the equal rights of women are specifically mentioned. Property rights are also guaranteed and defined. Female inmates are granted the right to remain with their children while breast feeding. Workers are guaranteed a minimum wage, a family allowance for dependents, maternity/paternity leave, specific incentives to protect the labor market for women, retirement benefits, free day care for preschool-age children, pay equity, and equal rights between tenured and sporadically employed workers. Agrarian reform provisions are given, including the authority to expropriate land. Social and economic policies to promote health are called for, and public health services are to be decentralized, to be integrated, and to foster community participation. Pension plan and social assistance provisions are outlined as are duties of the state in regard to education. The amount of money to be dedicated to education is set out, and a national educational plan is called for to achieve such goals as the eradication of illiteracy, the universalization of school attendance, the improvement of instruction, and the provision of vocational training. Specific measures are set out to protect and preserve the environment. Family policy deals with issues of marriage, the definition of a family, divorce, the right to family planning services, and the deterrence of domestic violence. Social protection provisions cover mothers and children, handicapped persons, and protection of minors. Finally, the customs and rights of Indians are protected, with special provisions given to protect land tenure and to protect the rights of Indians in water resource development and prospecting and mining activities.^ieng


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Constituição e Estatutos , Economia , Educação , Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Financiamento Governamental , Direitos Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Assistência Pública , Saúde Pública , Política Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Direitos da Mulher , América , Brasil , Cultura , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Meio Ambiente , Etnicidade , Administração Financeira , Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Classe Social , Planejamento Social , América do Sul
2.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 226, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289450

RESUMO

This Law and regulatory Decree No. 2017 of 12 October 1988 (Diario Oficial, No. 38531, 12 October 1988, pp. 1-7) establish new procedures for the distribution of rural land in Colombia. A major aspect of these laws is the incorporation of the National Council of Economic and Social Policy (CONPES) into the planning and control of the agriculture reform scheme. According to these regulations, the Colombian Institute for Agriculture Reform (INCORA) will be in charge of the creation of the Annual Plan of Activities which establishes the regions subject to a land distribution plan under the supervision of CONPES. Once the Annual Plan of Activities is formulated, the regulations authorize INCORA to negotiate directly with the owners of the lands covered by the regional plan. For this purpose, the land is subject to technical analysis consisting of an on-site visit during which the quality, improvement, and value of the machinery attached to the land are assessed. After the analysis is completed, an offer will be made to the owner, who has a period of 15 days to accept or reject it. If the offer is rejected, INCORA will initiate an expropriation proceeding. Payment will be made in government bonds, maturing in five years. The owners have a right to seek the exclusion of their lots from regional plans. A second major aspect of these laws is that their objectives include not only the redistribution of the land but also the creation of adequate infrastructure for the development of regions subject to agrarian reform. Projects for the construction of railroads or other means of transportation, public service facilities, and cultural centers will be carried out keeping in mind the principle that respect for environmental concerns be maintained.


Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Economia , Financiamento Governamental , Planejamento em Saúde , Legislação como Assunto , Meios de Transporte , América , Colômbia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Meio Ambiente , Administração Financeira , América Latina , Organização e Administração , Planejamento Social , América do Sul
3.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 227, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289451

RESUMO

This Colombian Decree sets forth procedures to be followed with respect to the distribution of uncultivated land belonging to the State. It distinguishes between the distribution of land already occupied and exploited and land that is unexploited. In order to be eligible to acquire the land in the first category, occupants must prove that two thirds of the land is being adequately exploited. In general, this land may not exceed 450 hectares for individuals and 1500 hectares for communal enterprises and peasant collectives. No transfer of land in the second category will be considered until two thirds of it is exploited within five years of the granting of rights to exploit it. In addition, compensation must be paid for land in the second category. The Decree also makes provision for the concession of land for infrastructure for concerned communities and contemplates the possibility that usufruct arrangements can be made for agricultural corporations.


Assuntos
Economia , Legislação como Assunto , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América , Colômbia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , Planejamento Social , América do Sul
4.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 227, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289453

RESUMO

This Decree regulates the establishment of indigenous reservations in Colombia. Under the Decree, an indigenous reservation is a legal institution constituted by the transfer to an indigenous community of title to the property where the community is situated or where it will be located. The property may be cultivated or uncultivated. The Decree sets forth the requirements for qualifying for the transfer of such land. Before the land is transferred, the Colombian Institute for Agricultural Reform is to monitor and review the proposed reservation. It is to undertake a socioeconomic and legal study of the indigenous community and to ascertain the community's origins, institutions, customs, and property claims. It is also to address the property claims of third parties.


Assuntos
Economia , Etnicidade , Legislação como Assunto , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América , Colômbia , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , População , Características da População , Planejamento Social , América do Sul
5.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 228, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289455

RESUMO

This Decree provides that the Executive Organ in the El Salvador Sector of Public Works is the body that will determine whether land is urban rather than nonurban and thus not subject to agrarian reform. Decisions of this body are to be final and cannot be modified by legal, judicial, or administrative order.


Assuntos
Economia , Legislação como Assunto , Urbanização , América , América Central , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , El Salvador , Geografia , América Latina , América do Norte , População , Planejamento Social , População Urbana
6.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 228, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289456

RESUMO

This Law contains rules on the expropriation of land that was not broken into parcels as mandated by Article 105 of the Constitution of El Salvador. Such land is to be taken over by the Government unless it is the land of farming cooperatives or communities. Under the Law, a legal presumption exists that the owner of such land is responsible for the fact that it has not been broken up. The Salvadoran Institute of Agrarian Transformation (ISTA) is charged with taking possession and disposing of expropriated land. It is to determine indemnification for the land and to pay indemnification by means of agrarian reform bonds, which can be used by the holder for financing various agricultural projects. It is to transfer the land to farmers, farming communities, and farming cooperatives, with preference given to those already exploiting the land; no individual is to receive more than seven hectares. ISTA is also to set the terms by which those given land are to pay for it, and, in no case, is it to receive less than it gave to those from whom it expropriated the land.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Economia , Financiamento Governamental , Legislação como Assunto , América , América Central , Países em Desenvolvimento , El Salvador , Emprego , Administração Financeira , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , América do Norte , Planejamento Social
7.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 228, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289457

RESUMO

This Law creates a Special Technical Commission in El Salvador to collect information, investigate, and make decisions on the transfer of property belonging to the State. State property includes property belonging to the State at the national, regional, and local levels as well as land belonging to official autonomous institutions and public law corporations. Such property is eligible for transfer if it is not indispensable for state activities and if it is suitable for agriculture. Under the Law, all government bodies, official autonomous institutions, and public law corporations have the duty to report to the Commission the status of their property. After the Executive determines which properties are to be transferred, the property will be paid for through agrarian reform bonds. The property will be transferred to farmers with no land or with insufficient land and to farming cooperatives. Preference will be given to farmers without land and to those who have been exploiting the land subject to transfer. Persons acquiring land will pay for it through mortgages in favor of state agrarian reform agencies.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Economia , Financiamento Governamental , Legislação como Assunto , Organização e Administração , América , América Central , Países em Desenvolvimento , El Salvador , Emprego , Administração Financeira , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , América do Norte , Planejamento Social
8.
Annu Rev Popul Law ; 15: 229, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12289461

RESUMO

This Decree amends Article 92 of the Honduras Law of Agrarian Reform to provide that the Executive Directorate may, after analysis, transfer to rural peasants and peasant cooperatives and enterprises land at a cost less than the value of land expropriated in the same area, given its condition, including the quality of soil and infrastructure. Previously, Article 92 contained no provision for the modification of land prices. The value of all land transferred had to be the same as that of land expropriated in the same area.


Assuntos
Custos e Análise de Custo , Economia , Legislação como Assunto , América , América Central , Países em Desenvolvimento , Honduras , América Latina , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , América do Norte , Planejamento Social
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