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En los últimos años distintos estudios muestran la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para mejorar la sintomatología depresiva y el bienestar en población adulta; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que revisen la eficacia de estas intervenciones en personas de 60 años o más. Objetivo: recoger y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la última década con respecto a las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva en estas personas. Método: se ha realizado una revisión sistemática (RS) que recoge las publicaciones, realizadas entre enero de 2012 y julio de 2022, procedentes de las bases de datos SCOPUS, WOS/Medline y PROQUEST/PsycInfo. Se seleccionaron 944 estudios empíricos, de los cuales 18 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presenta evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para reducir la sintomatología depresiva e incrementar el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en personas de estas edades, con efectos superiores a los de otros grupos de control. Esto sucede con programas de intervención en bienestar, al entrenar varias fortalezas- gratitud o perdón junto con otras- o entrenando en mindfulness. Conclusión: estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva como terapias complementarias para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años.
Recently, different studies have shown the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology to improve both depressive symptoms and well-being in adults. However, there are only a few studies that review the efficacy of these interventions in people aged 60 years and older. Objective: synthesize the evidence from the last decade about these interventions in these people. Method: A systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2012 and 2022 -from SCOPUS, WOS/Medline and PROQUEST/PsycInfo- were included. After analyzing 944 empirical works, 18 studies have met the inclusion criteria. Results: the results show the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology, both to reduce depressive symptoms, and to increase subjective and psychological well-being in people of these ages, compared to other control groups. These effects are found with interventions on well-being, with interventions on personal strengths -gratitude or forgiveness in combination with sense of humor, empathy, meaning of life or emotional regulation- or through training on mindfulness. Conclusions: The preliminary results point out the importance of interventions in Positive Psychology as complementary therapies to improve the metal health and quality of life in people over 60 years.
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Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Depressão/terapia , Bem-Estar PsicológicoRESUMO
Introducción: Se evidencian en la literatura estudios acerca de factores nutricionales que pudieran incrementar el riesgo de desarrollar incontinencia urinaria (IU), la cual deteriora significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivos: Identificar factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados a IU en mujeres adultas e impacto sobre la calidad de vida ante dicho problema. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico, de casos y controles, sobre muestra no probabilística, intencional y voluntaria de mujeres adultas (35 a 75 años), que concurrieron a Centro de Kinesiología y Estética (Esteban Echeverría, Provincia de Buenos Aires). Por cuestionario ICIQ-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire) se identificaron 30 mujeres con IU (casos), y se aparearon los controles sin IU, obtenidos de la misma base poblacional (n=30). Variables en estudio: Edad, Factores de riesgo nutricionales de IU: estado nutricional mediante Índice Masa Corporal (IMC) y circunferencia cintura (CC); hábitos higiénico-dietéticos: sedentarismo (ejercicio <150 minutos/semana), constipación funcional según Criterios ROMA IV y consumo líquidos aumentados (≥ recomendación); impacto IU sobre calidad de vida mediante cuestionario Potenziani- 14-CI- IO- QOL- 2000. Análisis estadístico mediante SPSS 19.00 calculando medidas de tendencia central, Chi-cuadrado y Odds Ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza 95 % y significación p<0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de las mujeres con IU eran sedentarias (86,7%) con sobrepeso u obesidad (66,7%) y CC aumentada (73,7%). Se asoció la IU con edad (OR=0,32; IC95%: 0,11-0,94; p=0,03), sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=0,15; IC95%: 0,04-0,47; p=0,001), CC aumentada (OR=0,11; IC95%: 0,03-0,42; p=0,0001) y sedentarismo (OR=0.20; IC95%: 0.059-0.695; p=0.02). El impacto sobre calidad de vida fue ligera-moderada para la mayoría de las mujeres con IU (93,3%). Conclusión: La edad, sobrepeso u obesidad, circunferencia de cintura aumentada y sedentarismo fueron factores de riesgo asociados a IU. Una intervención nutricional adecuada, mejoraría la calidad de vida de mujeres adultas con esta condición
Introduction: There is evidence in the literature studies about nutritional factors that could increase the risk of developing urinary incontinence (UI), which significantly impairs the quality of life of patients. Objectives: To identify nutritional risk factors associated with UI in adult women and its impact on quality of life. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study of cases and controls, on a non-probabilistic, intentional and voluntary sample of adult women (35 to 75 years old), who attended Centro de Kinesiología y Estética (Esteban Echeverría, Province of Buenos Aires). Thirty women with UI (cases) were identified by ICIQ-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire), and controls without UI, obtained from the same population base (n=30), were matched one by one. Variables under study: age, nutritional risk factors for UTI: nutritional status by Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); hygienic-dietary habits: sedentary lifestyle (exercise <150 minutes/week), functional constipation according to ROME IV criteria and increased fluid intake (≥ recommendation); UTI impact on quality of life by Potenziani- 14-CI- IO- QOL2000 questionnaire. Statistical analysis using SPSS 19.00 calculating measures of central tendency, Chi-square and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and significance p<0.05. Results: Most women with UTI were sedentary (86.7%) with overweight or obesity (66.7%) and increased CC (73.7%). UI was associated with age (OR=0.32; 95%CI: 0.11-0.94; p=0.03), overweight/obesity (OR=0.15; 95%CI: 0.04-0.47; p=0.001), increased QoL (OR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.03-0.42; p=0.0001) and sedentary (OR=0.20; 95%CI: 0.059-0.695; p=0.02). The impact on quality of life was mild-moderate for most women with UI (93.3%). Conclusion: Age, overweight or obesity, increased waist circumference and sedentary lifestyle were risk factors associated with UI. An adequate nutritional intervention would improve the quality of life of adult women with this condition
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Incontinência Urinária , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Resumen Este estudio propone un sistema de cribado primario para diagnosticar la sarcopenia en adultos mayores a través de medidas antropométricas. Esta investigación exploratoria involucró inicialmente a 150 personas de edad avanzada, de las cuales 122 fueron seleccionadas después de un proceso de depuración de datos. Empleando técnicas de aprendizaje automático como el agrupamiento jerárquico y los árboles de decisión, se redujeron las 13 medidas antropométricas originales a cinco características clave. Se crearon tres sistemas de clasificación: el primero basado en parámetros previamente establecidos (masa muscular apendicular, velocidad de marcha y fuerza de agarre); el segundo consideró medidas de las extremidades superiores (masa muscular promedio de ambos brazos, fuerza de agarre, velocidad de marcha y porcentaje de grasa corporal); y el tercero se centró en las medidas de las extremidades inferiores (masa muscular promedio de ambas piernas, fuerza de agarre, velocidad de marcha y porcentaje de grasa corporal). Estos sistemas de clasificación se validaron clínicamente en un grupo de 57 pacientes previamente diagnosticados por especialistas, de los cuales 10 recibieron un diagnóstico positivo de sarcopenia. Los resultados mostraron eficiencias similares en los tres sistemas, con ocho de los diez diagnósticos positivos conocidos clasificados en el mismo grupo. Además, el estudio proporciona puntos de corte específicos para cada sistema, facilitando así el diagnóstico clínico de la sarcopenia por parte de profesionales médicos.
Abstract This study proposes a primary screening system for diagnosing sarcopenia in older adults through anthropometric measures. This exploratory research initially involved 150 elderly individuals, of whom 122 were selected after a data purification process. Using machine learning techniques such as hierarchical clustering and decision trees, the original set of 13 anthropometric measures was reduced to five key features. Three classification systems were created: the first based on previously established parameters (appendicular muscle mass, walking speed, and grip strength); the second considered upper limb measures (average muscle mass of both arms, grip strength, walking speed, and body fat percentage); and the third focused on lower limb measures (average muscle mass of both legs, grip strength, walking speed, and body fat percentage). These classification systems were clinically validated in a group of 57 patients previously diagnosed by specialists, of which 10 received a positive sarcopenia diagnosis. The results showed similar efficiencies in all three systems, with eight of the ten known positive diagnoses classified in the same group. Additionally, the study provides specific cut-off points for each system, thus facilitating the clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia by medical professionals.
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INTRODUCTION: Demographic trends indicate that population aging is not exclusive to developed countries. Argentina reaches 15.5% of the elderly population. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the public health situation of this population, challenging health systems, with disproportionate impacts on this group, which has suffered more than 80% of the deaths in the country, mainly in those with comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic and environmental conditions involved in the process of development of health and nutrition profiles of the elderly people of Córdoba, Argentina 2020. METHODOLOGY: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study that included 221 elderly people (≥60 years old), through random sampling. Data on sociodemographic and environmental conditions, health and dietary profiles were collected through structured interviews. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 68 years. Eighty-five percent recognized neighborhood contamination, 38% of them being garbage dumps close to their homes. Eighty-nine percent reported at least one non-communicable disease (NCD) or associated risk factor and 66% were overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2). The presence of obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) was associated (OR=2.05; CI 1.007-3.922) with the development of NCDs. Only 4% of the population complied with the daily fruit and vegetable consumption recommendation. CONCLUSION: The predominant characteristics of the health and dietary profiles associated with NCDs identified suggest the need to study in depth the social determinants that condition the aging process.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Idoso , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Argentina/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Fatores de Risco , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Introducción: La fibrosis pulmonar idiopática representa una enfermedad degenerativa con pronóstico nefasto, cuyas opciones terapéuticas son muy limitadas, por lo que es necesario evaluar alternativas asequibles a la población. Objetivo: Evaluar el tratamiento con células madre adultas autólogas de médula ósea de paciente de 68 años con diagnóstico radiológico de fibrosis pulmonar y disnea en reposo. Presentación del caso: La paciente acudió a consulta con disnea en reposo y saturación digital de 74 por ciento, la cual después de su primer tratamiento endovenoso con células madre adultas de médula ósea, logró una mejoría significativa con saturaciones que oscilaron entre 85 y 90 por ciento, a los 4 meses de la primera terapia. A los 8 meses de la primera sesión recibió una segunda dosis, con la cual subió la saturación a valores entre 94 y 97 por ciento, a las tres semanas de ésta última. Conclusión: El tratamiento con células madre adultas autólogas de médula ósea podría mejorar los signos y síntomas de los pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar idiopática(AU)
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis represents a degenerative disease with a dire prognosis, whose therapeutic options are very limited, so it is necessary to evaluate alternatives available to the population. Objective: To evaluate treatment with autologous adult bone marrow (BM) stem cells in a 68-year-old patient with a radiological diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis and dyspnea at rest. Case presentation: The patient attended the consultation with dyspnea at rest, and digital saturation of 74 percent, which after her first intravenous treatment with adult bone marrow stem cells, achieved significant improvement, with saturations ranging between 85 and 90 percent at 4 months after the first therapy. Eight months after the first session, she received a second dose, with which she increased the saturation to values between 94 and 97 percent, three weeks after the latter. Conclusion: Conclusion: Treatment with autologous adult bone marrow stem cells could improve the signs and symptoms of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(AU)
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RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad arterial periférica de los miembros inferiores afecta a un elevado porcentaje de la población mundial, con las células madres autólogas obtenidas de sangre periférica se logra una mayor síntesis de factores de crecimiento que inducen la angiogénesis. Objetivo: describir el autotrasplante de células madres autólogas obtenidas de sangre periférica en pacientes con aterosclerosis obliterante grado IV, de Pinar del Río, atendidos en el período de 2009-2019. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, con 296 pacientes que presentaban aterosclerosis obliterante grado IV durante en el período de 2009-2019. Se obtuvo el concentrado de células madres autólogas de sangre periférica. Las células se analizaron por citometría de flujo, donde mostraron una viabilidad celular del 99,3 %. Se les inyectó por vía intramuscular un concentrado de células madres con un número de células inyectadas de ocho, seis, diez. Las variables estudiadas fueron: índice de presión tobillo-brazo en reposo, distancia de claudicación libre de dolor, evaluación de la escala del dolor y criterio de amputación. Resultado: se observó alivio del dolor a las cuatro semanas y aumento de la distancia de claudicación libre de dolor. La angiografía post tratamiento mostró formación de vasos colaterales. Presentaron criterio de amputación 95 casos (32 %) se logró salvar la extremidad en 201 pacientes (68 %). El proceder realizado no se asoció con ninguna complicación. Conclusión: la aplicación de células madres autólogas de sangre periférica es segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de la aterosclerosis obliterante grado IV.
ABSTRACT Introduction: peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs affects a high percentage of the world population; with autologous stem cells obtained from peripheral blood a greater synthesis of growth factors that induce angiogenesis is achieved. Objective: to describe the auto-transplantation of autologous stem cells obtained from peripheral blood in patients with grade IV atherosclerosis obliterans in Pinar del Rio treated during period 2009-2019. Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out with 296 patients with grade IV atherosclerosis obliterans during the period 2009-2019. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell concentrate was obtained. The cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, where they showed a cell viability of 99,3 %. Stem cell concentrate was injected intramuscularly with a number of cells injected of eight, six and ten. The variables studied were ankle-brachial pressure index at rest, pain-free claudication distance, pain scale assessment and amputation criteria. Result: pain relief was observed at four weeks and increase in pain-free claudication distance. Post-treatment angiography showed collateral vessel formation. Amputation criteria were met in 95 cases (32 %) and the limb was saved in 201 patients (68 %). The procedure carried out was not associated with complications. Conclusion: the application of autologous peripheral blood stem cells is safe and effective for the treatment of grade IV atherosclerosis obliterans.
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Resumen La diabetes mellitus (DM) es uno de los principales padecimientos en población adulta. Se dice que en México el 47.7% de personas adultas mayores (PAM) viven con este padecimiento, razón por la cual resulta indispensable conocer las investigaciones psicológicas centradas en mejorar el estado de salud y la adherencia al tratamiento médico en este grupo etario que va en aumento debido a la transición demográfica. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue reunir los estudios que den cuenta de la eficacia de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual sobre la adherencia terapéutica y la conducta alimentaria en PAM con DM tipo 2. La búsqueda se realizó por medio de la estrategia PIO en siete bases de datos (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PsycArticles, SciELO, Dialnet y Redalyc). Se encontraron 4,088 estudios, de los cuales sólo 11 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados revelan que este tipo de intervenciones son eficaces para favorecer conductas de adherencia al tratamiento, produciendo cambios significativos en la dieta, HbA1C y colesterol HDL, a pesar de que originalmente no fueron diseñadas para PAM y aun cuando las muestras de participantes fueron heterogéneas. Resulta evidente la carencia de tratamientos diseñados exclusivamente para PAM con DM, además de no considerar en el tratamiento variables como años con el diagnóstico, conducta alimentaria, funcionalidad, comorbilidades, escolaridad, apoyo social y nivel socioeconómico.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the primary diseases in the adult population. It is said that in Mexico 47.7% of older adults (OA) live with this condition, which is why it is essential to know psychological research focused on improving health status and adherence to medical treatment in this age group that is increasing due to the demographic transition. The aim of this systematic review was to gather the studies that account for the efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on therapeutic adherence and eating behavior in PAM with type 2 DM. The search was carried out using the PIO strategy in seven databases. data (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PsycArticles, SciELO, Dialnet and Redalyc). 4,088 studies were found, of which only 11 met the inclusion criteria. The results reveal that this type of intervention is effective in favoring treatment adherence behaviors, producing significant changes in diet, HbA1C and HDL cholesterol, even though they were not initially designed for PAM and even when the participant samples were heterogeneous. The lack of treatments created exclusively for PAM with DM is evident, in addition to not considering treatment variables such as years since diagnosis, eating behavior, functionality, comorbidities, education, social support and socioeconomic level.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: Chlamydia trachomatis es reconocida como el agente causal de una de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) más común y curable. En mujeres, puede ser gatillante de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, un factor de riesgo para infertilidad o adquisición de otras ITS. OBJETIVO: Determinar C. trachomatis en mujeres con diagnóstico clínico de vaginitis asociando factores sociodemográficos, sexuales, clínicos y microbiota vaginal. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Participaron 121 mujeres voluntarias > 18 años, con diagnóstico clínico de vaginitis y descarga vaginal anormal, atendidas en servicios de atención primaria en salud (APS) en Temuco-Chile. Se tomó muestra de flujo vaginal, determinándose C. trachomatis por una reacción de polimerasa en cadena convencional y microbiota vaginal por tinción de Gram. Se colectaron datos clínicos, sociodemográficos y sexuales mediante encuesta. RESULTADOS: Rango de edad 18-61 años. La frecuencia de C. trachomatis fue 14,9%. Se asoció C. trachomatis a mayor número de parejas sexuales en los últimos 5 años (p = 0,001), relaciones sexuales oral más anal (p = 0,055) y juguetes sexuales (p = 0,027). Asociación no significativa hubo con vaginosis bacteriana 31,2% (p = 0,091) e inicio de la actividad sexual < 18 años 20,6% (p = 0,07). CONCLUSIONES: Sería beneficioso incorporar en la semiología ginecológica de las mujeres atendidas en servicios de APS, los factores encontrados como favorecedores de infección por C. trachomatis, pues ello podría ayudar al manejo de esta ITS.
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as the causative agent of one of the most common and curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In women, it can be a trigger for pelvic inflammatory disease, a risk factor for infertility or acquisition of other STIs. AIM: To determine CT in women with vaginitis and associate it with sociodemographic, sexual, clinical, and vaginal microbiota factors. Methods: 121 female volunteers > 18 years of age, with a clinical diagnosis of vaginitis and abnormal vaginal discharge, attending in primary health care services (PHC) in Temuco-Chile were recluted. A vaginal discharge sample was taken, determining C. trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and vaginal microbiota by Gram stain. Clinical, sociodemographic and sexual data were collected by survey. RESULTS: Age range was 18-61 years. The frequency of C. trachomatis was 14.9%. C. trachomatis was associated with a higher number of sexual partners in the last 5 years (p = 0.001), oral plus anal sex (p = 0.055) and sex toys (p = 0.027); there was a non-significant association with bacterial vaginosis 31.2% (p = 0.091) and initiation of sexual activity < 18 years 20.6% (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: It would be beneficial to incorporate in the gynecological semiology of the women attended in PHC services, the factors found to favor C. trachomatis infection, as this could help the management of this STI.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Vaginite/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Chlamydia trachomatis , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of intimate partner violence on the risk of depression and depressive symptoms among adult women. METHOD: We analyzed data from the Mexican Health Workers' Cohort study (n=470). Type and severity of intimate partner violence was ascertained between 2004 and 2011. Self-reported medical diagnosis of depression (2011) was the main outcome; depressive symptoms ascertained with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale was the secondary outcome. Random-effects regressions were run to model the risk of depression (logistic) and depressive symptoms (linear) in relation to intimate partner violence. RESULTS: 41.9% women experienced intimate partner violence at baseline. The incidence of depression was 7.2%. The risk of depression increased with any type of IPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.9; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.4-6.2) and with physical (aOR=4.3; 95%CI: 1.8-10.1), psychological (aOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.4-6.6) and sexual (aOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.2-8.2) violence. Depressive symptoms (CES-D) increased slightly with physical and sexual intimate partner violence. CONCLUSIONS: Intimate partner violence was associated with a higher risk of depression in this sample of women working in a Mexican health facility. Our results indicate the need to develop infrastructure, to implement strategies of attention and counselling, and to provide a safe environment in the workplace for women who experience intimate partner violence.
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Depressão , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivos: Establecer e implementar un protocolo simplificado de extracción, aislamiento primario y cultivo de células madre derivadas de la pulpa dental humana (DPSCh). Analizar cuantitativamente y cualitativamente las células aisladas. Metodología: 10 terceros molares sanos donados por pacientes que concurrieron a la Facultad de Odontología, UdelaR y otorgaron su consentimiento escrito fueron procesados antes de las 48 hs. Se realizó la fractura de la pieza para la obtención del tejido pulpar y se procesó por el método explante. Se analizó viabilidad celular y expresión de marcadores por citometría de flujo en pasajes 4 y 12 y se corroboró mediante inmunocitoquímica. Resultados: Las células obtenidas presentaron una vitalidad mayor al 90% en todos los pasajes, observándose una morfología característica y expresión de marcadores de células madre mesenquimales CD90, C105, CD73, CD29 y 166 mediante citometría de flujo en ambos pasajes. Conclusiones: Se logró establecer un protocolo de aislamiento y expansión celular, con alta tasa de éxito de una población de DPSCh.
Resumo Objetivos: Estabelecer e implementar um protocolo simplificado para a extração, isolamento primário e cultura de células-tronco da polpa dentária humana (DPSCh). Analise as células isoladas quantitativa e qualitativamente. Metodologia: 10 terceiros molares saudáveis doados por pacientes que frequentaram a Faculdade de Odontologia UdelaR e deram consentimento por escrito foram processados antes de 48 horas. A fratura da peça foi realizada para obtenção do tecido pulpar e processada pelo método do explante. A viabilidade celular e a expressão do marcador foram analisadas por citometría de fluxo nas passagens 4 e 12 e confirmadas por inmunocitoquímica. Resultados: As células obtidas apresentaram viabilidade superior a 90% em todas as passagens, observando uma morfologia característica e expressão dos marcadores de células-tronco mesenquimais CD90, C105, CD73, CD29 e 166 por citometría de fluxo em ambas as passagens. Conclusões: Foi possível estabelecer um protocolo de isolamento celular, com alta taxa de sucesso e segurança para isolar o DPSCh.
Abstract Objectives: To establish and implement a simplified protocol for the extraction, primary isolation, and culture of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). To analyze the isolated cells quantitatively and qualitatively. Methodology: Ten healthy third molars were donated by patients who attended the School of Dentistry, UdelaR, and gave their written consent. The teeth were processed within 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned to obtain the pulp tissue and processed with the explant method. Cell viability and marker expression were analyzed by flow cytometry at passages 4 and 12 and verified by immunocytochemistry. Results: The cells obtained had a vitality greater than 90% in all passages. We found the characteristic morphology and the expression of CD90, C105, CD73, CD29 and 166 mesenchymal stem cell markers by flow cytometry in both passages. Conclusion: It was possible to establish a cell isolation protocol that is highly successful and safe to isolate hDPSC.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Separação Celular , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Proliferação de Células , Células-Tronco Adultas , Sobrevivência Celular , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Citometria de Fluxo , Dente Molar/citologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith. (Annonaceae) (syn. Annona diversifolia Saff.) is a valued fruit tree species known as papausa. In Mexico and Central America, this fruit has become an important crop because of its tasty flavor and high pulp content. Its fruits are frequently damaged by the incidence of wasps of the genus Bephratelloides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), which develop inside the seeds. Objective: To report the interaction of Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead during its life cycle in fruits of A. macroprophyllata. Methods: We periodically collected fruits in different states of growth recording a) oviposition, b) the moment of evident infection, c) the development of the wasps inside the seeds, and d) their emergence as adults. We also determined the proportion of damaged fruits and seeds. Results: The data indicate that wasps preferred to oviposit on fruits with a diameter of less than 8 cm, oviposition was more frequent between 11:00 am and 03:00 pm., and there was 26 % infestation of fruits, and 9 % of seeds. Conclusion: It is an obligatory interaction for the wasp, the highest proportion of attack on fruits was in the early stages of fruit development and control actions should focus on the protection of these early stages.
Introducción: Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith. (Annonaceae) es una especie de árbol frutal, conocida como papausa. En México y América Central, esta fruta se ha convertido en un cultivo importante y valorado debido a su delicioso sabor y la cremosa textura de su pulpa. Sus frutos son frecuentemente dañados por la incidencia de avispas del género Bephratelloides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), que se desarrollan dentro de las semillas. Objetivo: Describir la interacción de Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead durante su ciclo de vida en frutos de A. macroprophyllata. Método: Recolectamos frutos en diferentes estados de crecimiento registrando a) la ovoposición, b) el momento de la infección evidente, c) el desarrollo de las avispas dentro de las semillas, y d) su emergencia como adultos. También determinamos la proporción de frutas y semillas dañadas. Resultados: Los datos indican que las avispas preferían ovipositar en frutas con un diámetro de menos de 8 cm, la oviposición era más frecuente entre las 11:00 a.m. y las 3:00 p.m., y que había un 26 % de la infestación en las frutas y un 9 % en semillas. Conclusión: Es una interacción obligada para la avispa y la mayor proporción de ataque a los frutos fue en las etapas tempranas de desarrollo de frutos y las acciones de control se deberían enfocar a la protección de estas etapas.
Assuntos
Animais , Annona/parasitologia , Himenópteros/patogenicidade , Oviposição , Vespas , AnnonaceaeRESUMO
Abstract In this study, multi-tissue (yolk and carapace) stable isotope analysis was used to assess individual isotopic niche trajectories of nesting green turtles on Rocas Atoll, off northeastern Brazil, and to reveal a diet shift in the temporal dimension. The diet trajectories of individual green turtles were highly directional, with a stronger component towards decreasing values of δ15N from carapace to yolk. When the green turtles are in their foraging sites (temporal window measured by the yolk samples), they are more herbivores. Conversely, in a broader temporal window, the green turtles demonstrate a carnivore-omnivore strategy, such as represented by heavier δ15N values in the carapace. This finding confirms a temporal diet shift. This is the first study that applies trophic niche trajectories for sea turtles, adding a new isotopic tool to understand the trophic ecology of these migrant animals.
Resumo Neste estudo, a análise de isótopos estáveis em múltiplos tecidos (vitelo e carapaça) foi usada para avaliar as trajetórias individuais de nicho isotópico de tartarugas verdes em nidificação no Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil, e para revelar uma mudança de dieta na dimensão temporal. As trajetórias individuais da dieta de tartarugas verdes foram altamente direcionais, com um componente mais forte na direção de valores decrescentes de δ15N da carapaça ao vitelo. Quando as tartarugas verdes estão em seus locais de forrageamento (janela temporal medida pelas amostras de vitelo), elas são mais herbívoras. Por outro lado, em uma janela temporal mais ampla, as tartarugas verdes demonstram uma estratégia carnívora-onívora, representada por valores mais elevados de δ15N na carapaça. Os resultados confirmam uma mudança temporal na dieta. Este é o primeiro estudo que aplica trajetórias de nicho trófico para tartarugas marinhas, adicionando uma nova ferramenta isotópica para entender a ecologia trófica desses animais migrantes.
RESUMO
Resumen Las bibliotecas públicas son por excelencia, las organizaciones que reciben y trabajan con la población adulta mayor. Se presenta un proyecto desarrollado en la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información, de la Universidad de Costa Rica, cuyo objetivo general fue desarrollar estrategias lúdico-creativas, para promover la alfabetización informacional en salud en la población adulta y adulta mayor, desde las bibliotecas públicas. Es una investigación cualitativa, en que se aplicó la investigación acción. Los resultados alcanzados muestran que después de la aplicación de talleres lúdico-creativos, las personas adultas mayores aumentaron su conocimiento, interés y destreza en ellos. Así mismo se logró fomentar las relaciones intergeneracionales, pues los talleres fueron desarrollados por estudiantes de Trabajo Comunal Universitario.
Abstract Public libraries are par excellence, the organizations that receive and work with the elderly population. The following is a project developed by the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica whose general objective was to develop ludic and creative-based strategies to promote informational alphabetization and health in adults and the elderly population from the public libraries. It was a qualitative action-research investigation. Results evince an increase in interest, knowledge, and skills amongst the elderly after the implementation of the ludic and creative workshops. At the same time, it was feasible to promote intergenerational relations since the workshops were implemented by students as part of their Communal University Work.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Ludoterapia , Competência em Informação , Envelhecimento Saudável , Costa Rica , BibliotecasRESUMO
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is an arboreal species of great economic and socio-environmental importance, which presents difficulties in the adventitious rooting process. The rhizogenic competence of vegetative propagules of mate can be attained by coppicing, but the factors that influence the success of this technique have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stock plant, time of shoot collection, treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and diameter of vegetative propagules in the adventitious rooting of cuttings from shoots induced by coppicing of selected adult plants of mate. Shoots produced from coppiced 13SM01 and 13SM05 stock plants were collected at different times of the year to prepare single-bud cuttings. The cuttings were measured as their diameter in the central portion and treated with 0 and 3000 mg L-¹ of IBA. After 60 days, cuttings were evaluated to determine survival and rooting percentages, number of roots, and length of the three largest roots. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (collection times x stock plants x IBA treatment x diameter classes) factorial scheme with 15 replications. Competence for adventitious rooting was highest for stock plant 13SM05. Cuttings collected in November and February had the highest rooting percentages, without the need of IBA treatment. Cuttings from 13SM01 and 13SM05 with diameters smaller than 0.636 cm (classes 1 to 6) and smaller than 0.712 cm (classes 1 to 7), respectively, had the highest rooting percentages and differed significantly from cuttings with larger diameters. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that stock plants, time of shoot collection, and diameter of vegetative propagules influence adventitious rooting competence of mate cuttings from coppicing adult plants. Rooting of mate cuttings with lower rhizogenic competence is influenced by the application of 3000 mg L-¹ of IBA.
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) é uma espécie arbórea de grande importância econômicae socioambiental, que apresenta dificuldades no processo de enraizamento adventício. A competência rizogênica dos propágulos vegetativos de erva-mate pode ser obtida pelo decepa, mas os fatores que influenciam no sucesso dessa técnica ainda não foram elucidados. Assim sendo, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência das características genéticas das plantas matrizes, das épocas de coleta, do tratamento com ácido indol-butírico (AIB) e do diâmetro de propágulos vegetativos no enraizamento adventício de estacas de brotações provenientes da decepa de plantas adultas selecionadas de erva-mate. Brotações produzidas a partir da decepa das plantas matrizes 13SM01 e 13SM05 foram coletadas em diferentes épocas e seccionadas em estacas de gema única. As estacas tiveram os diâmetros medidos na porção central e foram tratadas com 0 e 3000 mg L-1 de AIB. Aos 60 dias de cultivo, as estacas foram avaliadas quanto às porcentagens de sobrevivência e enraizamento, número de raízes e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes. O experimento foi um fatorial 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (época de coleta x planta matriz x tratamento com AIB x classe de diâmetro das estacas) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. A competência ao enraizamento adventício foi maior nas estacas coletadas da planta matriz 13SM05. As estacas coletadas em novembro e fevereiro apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de enraizamento, sem a necessidade de tratamento com AIB. Estacas oriundas de 13SM01 e 13SM05 com diâmetros menores que 0,636 cm (classes 1 a 6) e 0,712 cm (classes 1 a 7),respectivamente, apresentaram os maiores percentuais de enraizamento e diferiram significativamente das estacas com maiores diâmetros. Assim, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que as plantas matrizes, a época de coleta das brotações e o diâmetro dos propágulos vegetativos [...].
Assuntos
Ilex paraguariensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ilex paraguariensis/efeitos adversos , Ilex paraguariensis/genética , Isobutiratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is an arboreal species of great economic and socio-environmental importance, which presents difficulties in the adventitious rooting process. The rhizogenic competence of vegetative propagules of mate can be attained by coppicing, but the factors that influence the success of this technique have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stock plant, time of shoot collection, treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and diameter of vegetative propagules in the adventitious rooting of cuttings from shoots induced by coppicing of selected adult plants of mate. Shoots produced from coppiced 13SM01 and 13SM05 stock plants were collected at different times of the year to prepare single-bud cuttings. The cuttings were measured as their diameter in the central portion and treated with 0 and 3000 mg L-¹ of IBA. After 60 days, cuttings were evaluated to determine survival and rooting percentages, number of roots, and length of the three largest roots. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (collection times x stock plants x IBA treatment x diameter classes) factorial scheme with 15 replications. Competence for adventitious rooting was highest for stock plant 13SM05. Cuttings collected in November and February had the highest rooting percentages, without the need of IBA treatment. Cuttings from 13SM01 and 13SM05 with diameters smaller than 0.636 cm (classes 1 to 6) and smaller than 0.712 cm (classes 1 to 7), respectively, had the highest rooting percentages and differed significantly from cuttings with larger diameters. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that stock plants, time of shoot collection, and diameter of vegetative propagules influence adventitious rooting competence of mate cuttings from coppicing adult plants. Rooting of mate cuttings with lower rhizogenic competence is influenced by the application of 3000 mg L-¹ of IBA.(AU)
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) é uma espécie arbórea de grande importância econômicae socioambiental, que apresenta dificuldades no processo de enraizamento adventício. A competência rizogênica dos propágulos vegetativos de erva-mate pode ser obtida pelo decepa, mas os fatores que influenciam no sucesso dessa técnica ainda não foram elucidados. Assim sendo, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência das características genéticas das plantas matrizes, das épocas de coleta, do tratamento com ácido indol-butírico (AIB) e do diâmetro de propágulos vegetativos no enraizamento adventício de estacas de brotações provenientes da decepa de plantas adultas selecionadas de erva-mate. Brotações produzidas a partir da decepa das plantas matrizes 13SM01 e 13SM05 foram coletadas em diferentes épocas e seccionadas em estacas de gema única. As estacas tiveram os diâmetros medidos na porção central e foram tratadas com 0 e 3000 mg L-1 de AIB. Aos 60 dias de cultivo, as estacas foram avaliadas quanto às porcentagens de sobrevivência e enraizamento, número de raízes e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes. O experimento foi um fatorial 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (época de coleta x planta matriz x tratamento com AIB x classe de diâmetro das estacas) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. A competência ao enraizamento adventício foi maior nas estacas coletadas da planta matriz 13SM05. As estacas coletadas em novembro e fevereiro apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de enraizamento, sem a necessidade de tratamento com AIB. Estacas oriundas de 13SM01 e 13SM05 com diâmetros menores que 0,636 cm (classes 1 a 6) e 0,712 cm (classes 1 a 7),respectivamente, apresentaram os maiores percentuais de enraizamento e diferiram significativamente das estacas com maiores diâmetros. Assim, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que as plantas matrizes, a época de coleta das brotações e o diâmetro dos propágulos vegetativos [...].(AU)
Assuntos
Ilex paraguariensis/efeitos adversos , Ilex paraguariensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ilex paraguariensis/genética , Isobutiratos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Introducción: Durante el proceso de envejecimiento pueden originarse diferentes síndromes en el adulto mayor. Entre los más comunes está la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, con alteraciones en vejiga y estructuras del área pélvica, así como en el funcionamiento de las vías urinaria bajas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la reeducación del suelo pélvico en mujeres adultas mayores con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y longitudinal en mujeres adultas mayores con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo del Centro Gerontológico de Guano, Ecuador. Universo de 20 pacientes, 100 por ciento de la población diagnosticada, edades ≥ 65 años, sin otros antecedentes de trastornos médicos. Resultados: Se destaca como antecedentes de los sujetos estudiados: índice de masa corporal: 60 por ciente de obesidad, seguido del 25 por ciento de sobrepeso, ginecobstétricos: 95 gestaciones, 77 por ciento partos normales y 12 por ciento de cesarias. En la evaluación inicial, mediante la escala de valoración modificada de Oxford, en el 60 por ciento de las adultas se obtuvo grado 2, caracterizada por contracciones musculares débiles del suelo pélvico, evaluación insatisfactoria. En la segunda medición se obtuvieron resultados significativamente superiores a los de la primera medición, 70 por ciento se evaluó satisfactoriamente. Durante el proceso de reeducación del suelo pélvico, se establecieron relaciones de integración entre los elementos participación activa y consiente del paciente, equipo de salud y familia, en función de una mayor calidad de vida, de importancia para el tratamiento. Conclusiones: Se alcanzó el 70 por ciento de efectividad en la reeducación de suelo pélvico aplicada a las mujeres adultas mayores con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo(AU)
Introduction: In the aging process, different syndromes can appear in the elderly. Stress urinary incontinence is among the most common, with alterations in the bladder and the pelvic area structures, as well as in the functioning of the lower urinary tract. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor re-education in elder women with stress urinary incontinence. Methods: Descriptive and longitudinal study in elder women with stress urinary incontinence in the Gerontological Center of Guano, Ecuador. Group sample of 20 patients, 100% of the population diagnosed, ages? 65 years, without other pathological background. Results: It is highlighted as a background of subjects studied: body mass index: 60 percent of obesity, followed by 25 percent of overweight; gineco-obstetrics: 95 gestations, 77 percent normal births and 12 percent of C-sections. In the initial assessment, through the modified Oxford valuation scale, in 60 percent of adults, Grade 2 was obtained. That was characterized by weak pelvic floor muscle´s contractions, unsatisfactory evaluation. In the second measurement, the obtained results were significantly higher than those of the first measurement, and 70 percent is evaluated as satisfactorily. During the process of pelvic floor's re-education, integration relationships were established between the elements, also active and conscious participation of the patient, the health team and the family, in order to obtain a greater life quality which is important for the treatment. Conclusions: 70 percent of effectiveness is achieved in pelvic floor re-education performed in elder women presenting stress urinary incontinence(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Assoalho Pélvico/diagnóstico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Longitudinais , EquadorRESUMO
El síndrome de Turner (ST) resulta de la ausencia completa o parcial del segundo cromosoma sexual en fenotipos femeninos. Tiene una incidencia de 1:2000- 2500 nacidas vivas. Recién en la última década se ha puesto atención a la salud de las adultas con ST. La mortalidad es 3 veces superior respecto de la población general debido al riesgo de disección aórtica por anomalías cardiovasculares estructurales y aterosclerosis vinculada a hipertensión arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia y obesidad. También presentan elevada prevalencia de enfermedades autoinmunitarias. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad del seguimiento clínico de pacientes adultas con ST, comparando los controles de salud preconformación y posconformación del Registro y de la Unidad Interdisciplinaria. En el año 2017 fuimos convocados para integrar el Programa de Enfermedades Raras del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. A partir de la creación del Registro Institucional y del equipo multidisciplinario obtuvimos mejoría significativa en los controles por las especialidades de cardiología, endocrinología y otorrinolaringología, en los controles bioquímicos del metabolismo lipídico, hidrocarbonado, hepatograma, TSH y anticuerpos para celiaquía e imágenes cardiovasculares y densitometría ósea. En conclusión, el seguimiento sistematizado e institucional, mediante el Registro y la creación de la Unidad Interdisciplinaria de Síndrome de Turner, permitió encontrar las falencias del sistema de atención y optimizar el seguimiento de esta población. (AU)
Turner syndrome (TS) results from the complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome in female phenotypes. It has an incidence of 1: 2000-2500 girls born alive. Only in the last decade has been paid attention to the health of adults women with TS. Mortality is 3 times higher than in the general population due to the risk of aortic dissection cause to structural cardiovascular anomalies and atherosclerosis related to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. They also have a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Until nowadays in Argentina do not exist a national registry of this disease that complies with the international follow-up recommendations for these patients. We proposed to develop the institutional register at 2014 and a multidisciplinary team was created to care and follow up girls and women with TS during 2015. It was indexed to Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires' Rare Diseases Program since 2017. After the creation of the institutional registry and the multidisciplinary team we obtained a significant improvement in cardiology, endocrinology and otorhinolaryngology schedule visits, in lipids and hydrocarbon metabolism, liver, thyroid and celiac diseases biochemical controls and in the performance of cardiovascular MNR and bone densitometry. In conclusion, the systematized and institutional follow-up, through the registry and the creation of the Interdisciplinary Unit of Turner Syndrome, allowed us to find the flaws of the care system and to optimize the follow up of this population. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Qualidade de Vida , Síndrome de Turner/prevenção & controle , Assistência ao Convalescente/estatística & dados numéricos , Dissecção Aórtica/etiologia , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Turner/complicações , Síndrome de Turner/etiologia , Síndrome de Turner/mortalidade , Síndrome de Turner/epidemiologia , Assistência ao Convalescente/métodos , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/complicações , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus , Aterosclerose/complicações , Dislipidemias/complicações , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Gonadais/etiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La satisfacción sexual es un indicador de calidad de vida que ha ido adquiriendo mayor relevancia en la investigación científica. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de satisfacción sexual y variables de relación de pareja y comportamiento sexual en mujeres adultas y adolescentes usuarias de dos centros de salud universitarios Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en dos grupos de comparación: mujeres adultas y adolescentes. La satisfacción sexual fue medida mediante la Nueva Escala de Satisfacción Sexual (NSSS). Se aplicó cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, relación de pareja y comportamiento sexual. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística para evaluar la asociación entre las variables de relación de pareja, comportamiento sexual y nivel de satisfacción sexual según grupo de adultas o adolescentes. Resultados: Participaron 348 mujeres (174 adultas y 174 adolescentes). La mediana de edad de adultas fue 33 años (rango 20-50) y adolescentes de 17 años (rango 14-19). En el 89,9% la experiencia sexual más reciente se dio en contexto de una relación de pareja. El 94,6 % se siente satisfecha con su relación de pareja. Las adolescentes presentan un mayor nivel de satisfacción sexual que las adultas. Conclusiones: En las mujeres adultas cuando la iniciativa sexual es compartida y se sienten satisfechas con la relación de pareja, aumenta la satisfacción sexual. En las adolescentes, aumenta la satisfaccción sexual cuando la actividad sexual se da en un contexto de relación de pareja y tienen una mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is an indicator of quality of life that has become more relevant in scientific research. Objective: To compare the level of sexual satisfaction, variables of couple relationship and sexual behavior of adult women and adolescents who are users of two university health care centers. Methods: Observational, transversal and analytical study of two groups: adult and adolescents women. Sexual satisfaction was measured by the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS). A questionnaire was applied based on sociodemographic data, couple relationship and sexual behavior. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the variables of couple relationship, sexual behavior and level of sexual satisfaction according to the group of adults or adolescents. Results: 348 women participated (174 adults and 174 adolescents). The average age of adults was 33 years (range 20-50) and adolescents 17 years (range 14-19). In the total trial 89.9% the most recent sexual experience occurred in the context of a relationship. 94,6% feel satisfied with their relationship. Adolescents have a higher level of sexual satisfaction than adults. Conclusions: When adult women feel satisfied with their relationship and sexual initiative is shared, the sexual satisfaction increases. In adolescents, sexual satisfaction increases when sexual activity occurs in a relationship context and when they have a higher frequency of sexual relations
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação Pessoal , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da Mulher , Sexualidade/psicologia , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN Es importante conocer las representaciones sociales de las mujeres sobre el cáncer de cuello de útero (CCU) y la realización del Papanicolaou. OBJETIVOS Analizar las representaciones sociales de las mujeres de 21-40 años que asisten al Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud La Viña del Barrio Chijra respecto al CCU y Papanicolaou en el primer semestre de 2015. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un modelo cualitativo con una metodología inductiva, que permitió organizar los datos y los hechos significativos en la tarea de campo para descubrir las relaciones y las causas. Se seleccionó un tipo de diseño descriptivo exploratorio prospectivo con un corte temporal transversal. RESULTADOS Meta-categorías y categorías: 1) representaciones sociales de la mujer ante la toma de Papanicolaou que surge de la información: el conocimiento acerca de la prueba y el imaginario social de las mujeres; 2) de la ignorancia a la angustia sobre el estudio de Papanicolaou: el conocimiento/desconocimiento; 3) mitos por derrotar respecto al CCU y su prevención: es mejor no saber por la esperanza de estar sana. DISCUSIÓN Las mujeres manifiestan que no todas se hacen el Papanicolaou o que no todas se lo hacen con la frecuencia debida. A la hora de realizárselo, aducen que entran en juego aspectos conyugales, familiares y contextuales. Muchas de ellas expresan temor por el dolor que la prueba les puede causar y aluden que se han hecho un Papanicolaou alguna vez en su vida teniendo tanto experiencias positivas como negativas. Señalan que el tamizaje no es una práctica preventiva, sino un procedimiento de azar, de tener o no el cáncer, que es una enfermedad asociada a la idea de muerte y sufrimiento. Por lo tanto, evitar la prueba permite mantener la esperanza de estar sana.