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The inappropriate use of electronic devices can affect the psychological and physical health of children and adolescents. Therefore, it is essential to accompany them and promote media literacy to ensure a healthy and responsible use of technology. On occasions that depend on a multifactorial complex, the inappropriate use of networks can trigger problematic consumption and seriously affect the lives of young people. In 2022, the World Health Organization recognized, through ICD-11, the addiction to video games and used the term "problematic use" for the Internet and social networks. This article attempts to update professionals on new trends in the consumption of social networks, video games, and online gambling platforms and their consequences on the psychophysical well-being of children and adolescents.

El uso inapropiado de dispositivos electrónicos puede afectar la salud psicofísica de niños y adolescentes. Por ello, es fundamental acompañarlos y fomentar la alfabetización mediática para garantizar un uso saludable y responsable de la tecnología. En ocasiones que dependen de un complejo multifactorial, el uso inadecuado de las redes puede desencadenar consumos problemáticos y afectar gravemente la vida de los jóvenes. En 2022, la Organización Mundial de la Salud reconoció, a través del CIE 11, la adicción a los videojuegos y utilizó el término "uso problemático" para internet y redes sociales. Este artículo intenta actualizar a los profesionales sobre las nuevas tendencias en el consumo de las redes sociales, los videojuegos, las plataformas de apuestas en línea y sus consecuencias en el bienestar psicofísico de los niños y adolescentes.

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Objective: to verify the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction in COVID-19 nursing students. Method: this was a descriptive-analytical study of 206 nursing students. A sociodemographic characterization and smartphone use instrument adapted from the literature and the following scales Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Smartphone Addiction Inventory were used for data collection. Sociodemographic data and smartphone use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and smartphone addiction was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of smartphone addiction among nursing students was 129 (62.6%) and there was a relationship between symptoms of moderate depression (p=0.049), severe/very severe depression (p=0.005) and mild anxiety (p=0.028) and severe/very severe anxiety (p=0.019) and smartphone addiction. Conclusion: the data show that the construction and implementation of smartphone use policies in the academic and hospital context to prevent smartphone addiction and control associated risk factors is necessary.

Objetivo: verificar la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería durante la COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo-analítico realizado con 206 estudiantes de enfermería. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y uso del smartphone adaptado de la literatura y las siguientes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale y Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Los datos sociodemográficos y el uso del smartphone se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y la relación entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y dependencia del smartphone se analizó mediante la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de dependencia del smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería fue de 129 (62,6%) y hubo relación entre síntomas de depresión moderada (p=0,049), grave/muy grave (p=0,005) y ansiedad leve (p=0,028) y grave/muy grave (p=0,019) y dependencia del smartphone. Conclusión: los datos revelan que la construcción e implementación de políticas de uso del smartphone en el contexto académico y hospitalario para la prevención de la dependencia del smartphone y el control de los factores de riesgo asociados son necesarias.

Objetivo: verificar a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem na COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico realizado com 206 estudantes de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados um instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e uso do smartphone adaptado da literatura e as seguintes escalas: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e Smartphone Addiction Inventory. Os dados sociodemográficos e o uso do smartphone foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e a relação entre sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e dependência de smartphone foi analisada a partir de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de dependência de smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem foi de 129 (62,6%) e houve relação entre sintomas de depressão moderada (p=0,049), grave/muito grave (p=0,005) e ansiedade leve (p=0,028) e grave/muito grave (p=0,019) e dependência de smartphone. Conclusão: os dados revelam que a construção e a implementação de políticas de uso do smartphone no contexto acadêmico e hospitalar para prevenção da dependência de smartphone e controle dos fatores de risco associados são necessárias.

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Objective: to synthesize the main scientific evidence available on the factors associated with workaholism in nurses' mental health. Method: this is an integrative review carried out in seven databases. The sample consisted of 11 studies. The Level of Evidence classification followed the model described by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt. Methodological quality was assessed using the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Data analysis and synthesis were carried out in a qualitative and descriptive manner, respectively. Results: the factors associated with workaholism were burnout, stress, anxiety, depression, sleep-related problems, low ability to concentrate and negative incidents at work, which affected the mental health of nurses. Conclusion: the synthesis revealed that workaholism was related to perceived stress at work, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and anxious and depressive symptoms, which resulted in low professional effectiveness and poor sleep quality among workaholic professionals.

Objetivo: sintetizar las principales evidencias científicas disponibles sobre los factores asociados al workaholism en la salud mental de enfermeros. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en siete bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 estudios. La clasificación del Nivel de Evidencia siguió el modelo descrito por Melnyk y Fineout-Overholt. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada por medio del Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies . El análisis y síntesis de los datos se realizaron de manera cualitativa y descriptiva, respectivamente. Resultados: los factores asociados al workaholism fueron burnout , estrés, ansiedad, depresión, problemas relacionados con el sueño, baja capacidad de concentración e incidentes negativos en el trabajo, los cuales afectaron la salud mental de los enfermeros. Conclusión: la síntesis reveló que el workaholism presentó relación con el estrés percibido en el trabajo, la exhaución emocional, la despersonalización y los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, lo que resultó en baja eficacia profesional y mala calidad del sueño entre los profesionales adictos al trabajo.

Objetivo: sintetizar as principais evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os fatores associados ao workaholism na saúde mental de enfermeiros. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em sete bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 11 estudos. A classificação do Nível de Evidência seguiu o modelo descrito por Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio do Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies . A análise e síntese dos dados foram realizadas de maneira qualitativa e descritiva, respectivamente. Resultados: os fatores associados ao workaholism foram burnout , estresse, ansiedade, depressão, problemas relacionados ao sono, baixa capacidade de concentração e incidentes negativos no trabalho, os quais afetaram a saúde mental dos enfermeiros. Conclusão: a síntese revelou que o workaholism apresentou relação com o estresse percebido no trabalho, exaustão emocional, despersonalização e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, o que resultou em baixa eficácia profissional e má qualidade no sono entre os profissionais viciados no trabalho.

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Substance dependence is a disorder that alters the functioning of the nervous system due to frequent abuse of drugs. The role of dopamine in the addictive effect of psychostimulants is well known; however, the involvement of the noradrenergic system is still unclear and poorly understood, though drugs like cocaine and amphetamines are known to exert significant activity on this system. The drug modafinil (MOD) has no proven addictive effect. It promotes wakefulness by acting mainly on the dopaminergic system and, to a lesser degree, the noradrenergic (NOR) system. Atomoxetine (ATX) is a non-stimulant drug that acts only on the NOR system, enhancing its activity. The aims of the present study were to analyze the effect of co-activating the DA and NOR systems (with MOD and ATX, respectively) on motor activity and exploratory behavior, and to examine the possible emergence of rewarding properties of MOD and an MOD+ATX mixture. Male Wistar rats at postnatal day 60 were treated chronically (16 days) with either monotherapy with 2ATX, 4ATX, or 60MOD mg/kg, two combinations of these substances -60MOD + 2ATX and 60MOD + 4ATX- or a vehicle. The rats co-administered with 60MOD + 4ATX reduced the rearing behavior frequency induced by MOD, but this behavior was sensitized by self-administration of the MOD+ATX mixture after chronic treatment. The rats pre-treated with 60MOD + 4ATX showed higher self-administration of MOD and greater activity on an operant task to obtain the MOD+ATX mixture. In addition, the 60MOD, 2ATX, and 60MOD + 2ATX groups showed sensitization of exploratory behavior after ingesting the mixture. Results suggest that the noradrenergic system enhances the incentive value of MOD and a MOD+ATX mixture, while also playing an important role in the sensitization of exploratory behavior.

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Las plataformas digitales de comunicación en red revolucionaron el modo de comunicarnos, informarnos y entretenernos; impactaron principalmente en las nuevas generaciones. La pandemia incrementó los patrones de consumo en todas las edades y sus consecuencias: sedentarismo; obesidad; alteraciones del sueño, psicológicas, cognitivas, de la memoria/atención, del rendimiento académico; comportamientos problemáticos y riesgos de ciberacoso. La actividad de las nuevas generaciones en TikTok ­una plataforma donde pueden crear, visualizar, compartir videos y retos virales­ tiene impacto en su comportamiento. Sus publicaciones generan aprobaciones, comentarios y seguidores; esto estimula el circuito dopaminérgico de recompensa, que es la base de los comportamientos adictivos. El pediatra debe conocer estas conductas para recomendar buenas prácticas de uso. Esta revisión narrativa, basada en bibliografía de PubMed Central, SciELO, recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales, tiene como objetivo informar y actualizar a los profesionales sobre la plataforma, sus características y sus recomendaciones de uso seguro.

Network communication digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, get information, and entertain ourselves; they have had a major impact on the new generations. The pandemic has increased consumption patterns at all ages and its consequences: a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, sleep, psychological, cognitive, memory/attention, and academic performance disorders, problematic behaviors, and risks of cyberbullying. The activity of the new generations on TikTok ­a platform that allows them to create, view, share videos and viral challenges­ has affected their behavior. Their posts lead to likes, comments, and followers; this stimulates the dopaminergic reward system, which is the basis of addictive behaviors. Pediatricians should be aware of these behaviors in order to recommend good practices. The objective of this narrative review, based on the bibliography from PubMed Central, SciELO, national and international recommendations, is to provide information and an update to health care providers on TikTok, its characteristics, and the recommendations for safe use.

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The rapid growth of fantasy sports might facilitate constant play and harm. Micro-betting allows constant and impulsive betting, possibly augmenting the risk for gambling disorder. This work provides a rapid scoping review of recent publications regarding micro-betting and fantasy sports betting, including characteristics, prevalence, and causes across different age groups. A search in the PubMed database was set for November 2014-November 2019, with inclusion criteria of human studies and written in English. The search terms included: "Sports betting AND children", "Sports betting AND young adult", "Sports betting AND adult". One hundred and thirty-one references were found and 13 complementary reference was added to the discussion and methods sections. Following elimination of 49 duplicate references and 73 other references deemed not of relevance to the study's objectives, a total of 22 references was selected for inclusion. Current evidence suggests a number of public health problems linked to fantasy sports and micro-betting, including (a) that micro-betting is related to severe problem gambling and impulsivity, (b) frequent participation of high school students in fantasy sports relates to a higher risk of gambling problems, and (c) special control should be exerted on youth regarding access to websites of fantasy football for protecting them of harm.

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Many diseases and degenerative processes affecting the nervous system and peripheral organs trigger the activation of inflammatory cascades. Inflammation can be triggered by different environmental conditions or risk factors, including drug and food addiction, stress, and aging, among others. Several pieces of evidence show that the modern lifestyle and, more recently, the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increasing the incidence of addictive and neuropsychiatric disorders, plus cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we gather evidence on how some of these risk factors are implicated in activating central and peripheral inflammation contributing to some neuropathologies and behaviors associated with poor health. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of inflammation and how these processes occur in different cells and tissues to promote ill health and diseases. Concomitantly, we discuss how some pathology-associated and addictive behaviors contribute to worsening these inflammation mechanisms, leading to a vicious cycle that promotes disease progression. Finally, we list some drugs targeting inflammation-related pathways that may have beneficial effects on the pathological processes associated with addictive, mental, and cardiometabolic illnesses.

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Network communication digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, get information, and entertain ourselves; they have had a major impact on the new generations. The pandemic has increased consumption patterns at all ages and its consequences: a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, sleep, psychological, cognitive, memory/attention, and academic performance disorders, problematic behaviors, and risks of cyberbullying. The activity of the new generations on TikTok -a platform that allows them to create, view, share videos and viral challenges- has affected their behavior. Their posts lead to likes, comments, and followers; this stimulates the dopaminergic reward system, which is the basis of addictive behaviors. Pediatricians should be aware of these behaviors in order to recommend good practices. The objective of this narrative review, based on the bibliography from PubMed Central, SciELO, national and international recommendations, is to provide information and an update to health care providers on TikTok, its characteristics, and the recommendations for safe use.

Las plataformas digitales de comunicación en red revolucionaron el modo de comunicarnos, informarnos y entretenernos; impactaron principalmente en las nuevas generaciones. La pandemia incrementó los patrones de consumo en todas las edades y sus consecuencias: sedentarismo; obesidad; alteraciones del sueño, psicológicas, cognitivas, de la memoria/atención, del rendimiento académico; comportamientos problemáticos y riesgos de ciberacoso. La actividad de las nuevas generaciones en TikTok ­una plataforma donde pueden crear, visualizar, compartir videos y retos virales­ tiene impacto en su comportamiento. Sus publicaciones generan aprobaciones, comentarios y seguidores; esto estimula el circuito dopaminérgico de recompensa, que es la base de los comportamientos adictivos. El pediatra debe conocer estas conductas para recomendar buenas prácticas de uso. Esta revisión narrativa, basada en bibliografía de PubMed Central, SciELO, recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales, tiene como objetivo informar y actualizar a los profesionales sobre la plataforma, sus características y sus recomendaciones de uso seguro.

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INTRODUCTION: There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. CONCLUSION: Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals' health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended.

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Abstract Introduction There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. Results We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. Conclusion Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals' health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended.

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This study aimed to evaluate smartphone addiction, sleep quality, quality of life and depression among dental students before and during the first wave COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and explore how smartphone addiction influences the other variables. 57 dental students answered the smartphone addiction inventory, Pittsburg sleep quality index, WHOQOL-bref and research diagnosis criteria for temporomandibular disorders axis II questionnaires before and during lockdown. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman tests and linear regression models considering the smartphone addiction inventory total score as the independent variable. The high mean scores on smartphone addiction on both times are remarkable. The smartphoneaddictionprevalence was also high on both times (68.66% and 71.92% respectively). Overall sleep quality improved. However, there was no significant change on overall smartphone addiction, quality of life and depression grade during lockdown. Tolerance using smartphones increased during lockdown, especially for women. Smartphone addiction showed negative correlation to quality of life and positive correlation to depression, subjective sleep quality and sleep medication use. Smartphone addiction was apredictor to total WHOQOL-bref score, all WHOQOL-bref domains, sleep medication use and to depression on both times, before and during lockdown. Smartphone addiction was directly affecting quality of life. Despite the growing smartphone use among university students due to the pandemic restrictions, this study showed that the overall smartphone addiction, quality of life and depression grade were not influenced by the lockdown restrictions. However, it was observed an improvement on sleep quality during this period among dental students (AU).

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o vício emsmartphones, qualidade de vida, qualidade de sono e depressão em estudantes de odontologia antes e durante a quarentena daprimeira onda da pandemia por COVID-19. 57 estudantes de odontologia responderam nos dois tempos os questionários validados:smartphone addiction inventory, índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburg, WHOQOL-bref e critérios para diagnóstico em pesquisa dasdisfunções temporomandibulares eixo II. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos: Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman e regressões lineares considerando o total do smartphone addiction inventorycomo variável independente. A prevalência de vício em smartphonesfoi elevada nos dois tempos (68.66% e 71.92% respectivamente). Durante a quarentena a qualidade de sono melhorou e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no vício em smartphones, qualidade de vida nem depressão. A tolerância no uso dossmartphonesaumentou, especialmente entre as mulheres. O vício em smartphonesapresentou correlação negativa com qualidade de vida e positiva com a depressão, qualidade subjetiva do sono e necessidade de medicação hipnótica. O vício em smartphonesfoi preditor para todos os domínios do WHOQOL-bref e seu escore total, para o uso de medicação e depressão em ambos os tempos. O vício em smartphonesfoi muito elevado nos dois tempos afetando a qualidade de vida dos estudantes. Apesar do aumento do uso desmartphonesem virtude das restrições impostas pela pandemia, esse estudo mostrou que o vício em smartphones, qualidade de vida e depressão não foram influenciados pela quarentena. Entretanto, foi observada melhora na qualidade de sono durante esse período (AU).

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ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the factors associated with smartphone addiction in nursing students. Method a descriptive, correlational and quantitative study, conducted in two public universities in the Northeast of Brazil, from April to June 2019. Four instruments were used for the purpose of data collection: sociodemographic characterization, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) scale. Results the majority of nursing students were female, 239 (80.2%), and had an average age of 22 years. One hundred and sixty-five (55.4%) declared themselves brown, 236 (79.2%) only studied and 11 (37.2%) had one to two minimum wages as family income. Regarding marital status, 277 (93.0%) were single and 168 (56.4%) lived with their parents. Two hundred and two (67.8%) did not practice physical activity and 269 (90.3%) had never smoked or smoked for less than one month. The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction in nursing students was 142 (47.7%). The factors associated with smartphone addiction in nursing students were: AUDIT (p=0.036), overall PSQI score (p <0.001), sleep quality (p=0.008), sleep latency (p=0.001), medication use (p=0.050) and daytime dysfunction (0.000). Conclusion there is a need to develop educational interventions for rational use of the smartphone inside and outside universities and to develop public policies for health promotion and prevention of related comorbidities.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar los factores asociados a la adicción al smartphone en estudiantes de enfermería. Método estudio descriptivo, correlacional y cuantitativo, realizado en dos universidades públicas del Nordeste de Brasil, de abril a junio de 2019. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos: caracterización sociodemográfica, Prueba de Identificación de Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol (AUDIT), Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y la escala del Inventario de adicciones a teléfonos inteligentes (SPAI). Resultados la mayoría de los estudiantes de enfermería eran mujeres, 239 (80,2%) y tenían una edad promedio de 22 años. Ciento sesenta y cinco (55,4%) se declararon morenos, 236 (79,2%) sólo estudiaron y 11 (37,2%) tenían de uno a dos salarios mínimos como ingreso familiar. En cuanto al estado civil, 277 (93,0%) eran solteros y 168 (56,4%) vivían con sus padres. Doscientos dos (67,8%) no practicaban actividad física y 269 (90,3%) nunca habían fumado ni fumado durante menos de un mes. La prevalencia general de adicción a teléfonos inteligentes en estudiantes de enfermería fue de 142 (47,7%). Los factores asociados con la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes en estudiantes de enfermería fueron: AUDIT (p=0.036), puntaje general del PSQI (p<0.001), calidad del sueño (p= 0.008), latencia del sueño (p=0.001), uso de medicación (p=0.050) y disfunción diurna (0,000). Conclusión es necesario desarrollar intervenciones educativas para el uso racional del teléfono inteligente dentro y fuera de las universidades y desarrollar políticas públicas de promoción de la salud y prevención de las comorbilidades relacionadas.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os fatores associados à adicção ao smartphone em universitários de Enfermagem. Método estudo descritivo, correlacional e quantitativo, realizado em duas Universidades públicas do Nordeste do Brasil, no período de abril a junho de 2019. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: caracterização sociodemográfica, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) e a escala Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). Resultado a maioria dos universitários de Enfermagem era do sexo feminino, 239 (80,2%), e tinha idade média de 22 anos. Cento e sessenta e cinco (55,4%) se autodeclararam pardos, 236 (79,2%) apenas estudavam e 11 (37,2%) tinham de um a dois salários-mínimos como renda familiar. Em relação ao estado civil, 277 (93,0%) eram solteiros e 168 (56,4%) moravam com os pais. Duzentos e dois (67,8%) não praticavam atividade física e 269 (90,3%) nunca fumaram ou estavam fumando há um período menor que um mês. A prevalência global da adicção ao smartphone nos universitários de Enfermagem foi de 142 (47,7%). Os fatores associados à adicção ao smartphone em universitários de Enfermagem foram: AUDIT (p=0,036), pontuação global do PSQI (p <0,001), qualidade do sono (p=0,008), latência do sono (p=0,001), uso de medicamentos (p=0,050) e disfunção durante o dia (0,000). Conclusão há necessidade de se construir intervenções educativas para uso racional do smartphone dentro e fora das Universidades e desenvolver políticas públicas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de comorbidades relacionadas.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the contexts that enhance the dimensions of individual, social, and programmatic vulnerability associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy. Method: qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, cross-sectional study. Participants were 38 pregnant women who used alcohol and other drugs, at a moderate and severe level, in low-risk prenatal care in the Primary Health Care of two cities in the Metropolitan Region of Maringá - Paraná. Data was collected from, December 2019 to March 2020. The Vulnerability analytical framework guided the discussion. Results: at the individual level, the vulnerability contexts were issues of gender, brown and black ethnicity/color, low education, reproductive period, and high parity. At the social level, the lack of insertion in the job market, family income below the poverty line, abusive intra-family relationships, addictive behavior in the family, and violence in the living community. In the programmatic plan, there was a low demand for health services, lack of welcoming for the treatment of drug use, screening for deficient drug use, low bond with family health teams, absence of dental, psychological, and social services, insertion in the inadequate level of prenatal care, usual risk, while they should have been classified as high risk, and mean prenatal consultations below recommended. Conclusion: the study made it possible to advance in the contexts of the vulnerability of these pregnant women. Recognizing these contexts makes it possible to formulate strategies to reduce harm and damages to maternal and fetal health related to drug use during pregnancy, leading to a favorable gestational outcome.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar los contextos que potencian las dimensiones de vulnerabilidad individual, social y programática asociadas al consumo de alcohol y otras drogas durante el embarazo. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, transversal. Participaron 38 gestantes que consumían alcohol y otras drogas, en grado moderado y severo, en el prenatal de bajo riesgo en la Atención Primaria de Salud de dos municipios de la Región Metropolitana de Maringá - Paraná. . Los datos se recopilaron desde diciembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. El marco analítico de Vulnerabilidad orientó la discusión. Resultados: en el plano individual, los contextos de vulnerabilidad detectados fueron: cuestiones de género, raza/color pardo y negro, baja escolaridad, período reproductivo y alta paridad. A nivel social, la falta de inserción en el mercado laboral, ingresos familiares por debajo de la línea de pobreza, relaciones intrafamiliares abusivas, conductas adictivas en la familia y violencia en la comunidad de convivencia. En el plano programático se constató baja demanda de servicios de salud, falta de acogida para el tratamiento del consumo de drogas, rastreo por consumo deficiente de drogas, escasa vinculación con los equipos de salud de la familia, falta de atención odontológica, psicológica y del servicio social, inserción en nivel inadecuado de atención prenatal, clasificación como riesgo habitual, cuando correspondía la clasificación de alto riesgo, y promedio de consultas prenatales por debajo de lo recomendado. Conclusión: el estudio permitió avanzar en los contextos de vulnerabilidad de estas gestantes. El (re)conocimiento de estos contextos permite formular estrategias para reducir los daños y perjuicios a la salud materna y fetal relacionados con el uso de drogas durante el embarazo, lo que conduce a un resultado gestacional favorable.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar os contextos que potencializam as dimensões de vulnerabilidade individual, social e programática associadas ao uso de álcool e outras drogas durante a gravidez. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com corte transversal. Participaram 38 gestantes usuárias álcool e outras drogas, em nível moderado e grave, em atendimento pré-natal de baixo risco na Atenção Primária à Saúde de dois municípios da Região Metropolitana de Maringá - Paraná. Os dados foram coletados de dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020. O referencial analítico da Vulnerabilidade pautou a discussão. Resultados: no plano individual, os contextos de vulnerabilidade eram questões de gênero, raça/cor parda e preta, baixa escolaridade, período reprodutivo e alta paridade. No plano social, a ausência de inserção no mercado de trabalho, renda familiar na linha da pobreza, relações intrafamiliares abusivas, comportamento aditivo na família e violência na comunidade de convivência. No plano programático encontraram-se baixa procura a serviços de saúde, ausência de acolhimento para o tratamento do uso de drogas, rastreio para o uso de drogas deficitário, baixo vínculo com as equipes da saúde da família, ausência de atendimento odontológico, psicológico e do serviço social, inserção no nível de assistência pré-natal inadequado, risco habitual, enquanto deveriam ter sido classificadas como alto risco, e média de consultas pré-natal abaixo do preconizado. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu avançar nos contextos de vulnerabilidade dessas gestantes. O (re)conhecimento destes contextos possibilita a formulação de estratégias de redução de danos e de agravos à saúde materno fetal relacionados ao uso de drogas durante a gravidez, conduzindo a um desfecho gestacional favorável.

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PURPOSE: The study sought to examine the association between dental students' smartphone addiction and academic achievement. METHODS: Study participants were 374 dental students from the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia school of dentistry. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), an instrument that was validated a priori using item response theory, information function test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Students' semester grade point average (GPA) served as a measure of academic performance. The association between SAS-SV scores and GPA was tested using generalized linear modeling adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: The prevalence of smartphone addiction was low (4.8%) in this sample of dental students. Smartphone use was significantly and positively associated with GPA (b = 0.012; 95% confidence interval = 0.005-0.020; P = 0.001) while accounting for students' age and year of study. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone usage was positively associated with dental students' academic performance. Importantly, a small number of students were identified as suffering from smartphone addiction. Future research should help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, identify students at risk for smartphone addiction, and further elucidate the relevance of these findings in dental education.

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This article discusses the fear of missing out (FOMO) on rewarding experiences, an important psychological construct in contemporary times. We present an overview of the FOMO construct and its operational definition and measurement. Then, we review recent empirical research on FOMO's relationship with levels of online social engagement, problematic technology and internet communication use, negative affectivity, and sociodemographic variables. Additionally, we discuss theoretical conceptualizations regarding possible causes of FOMO and how FOMO may drive problematic internet technology use. Finally, we discuss future directions for the empirical study of FOMO.

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The Substance Use Disorder (SUD) alters the patient's social, family and working performance significantly, together with mental and physical health. The Dispositivo Pavlovsky (DP) is an outpatient and intensive treatment modality for users/ clients that do not require an inpatient facility but do need a more intensive approach than traditional/classic outpatient treatment. The DP has a battery of therapeutic proposals protocolized within a pre-established framework and adapted to the patient's needs. Given the intensity of treatment, it provides a better psychical support and promotes abstinence among the users/clients, who, because of their pathology, present common features of ambivalence towards suspending the consumption of the problematic substance. Overall, the therapeutic proposal is characterized by offering and promoting the use of tools and strategies for the daily life, such as intensive Group Therapy Setting, Individual Therapy, Psychiatric Consultation, Toxicology consultation, attendance to workshops, creating a participatory network, that provides a group setting support oriented towards psychoeducation, and accompaniment of the patience. The DP has interdisciplinary teams with diverse theoretical frameworks. These professionals keep a fluid communication, with formal exchange settings, intervening in the directionality of the treatment in general and delving deep in each particular case.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction in a sample of high school adolescents in Acre, a state in northern Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,387 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old enrolled in high schools in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. A structured questionnaire with questions about demographics, family and behavioral patterns was applied. Internet addiction was verified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), with a cutoff equal to or greater than 70 points. The associated factors were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 10.6%. Higher dependence was observed in females. The factors associated with Internet addiction were being female, using the computer for more than two hours a day during weekdays and on the weekend, not practicing physical activities and going out to dance at nightclubs and concerts at least once a month. A protective association of reading habits in relation to Internet dependence was observed. Conclusions: The present study showed a high prevalence of Internet dependence, with female adolescents being more susceptible. Behavioral aspects were associated with internet dependence in a sample of adolescents from Rio Branco, Acre.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dependência de internet em uma amostra de adolescentes do ensino médio no Acre. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com 1.387 adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos regularmente matriculados em instituições de ensino médio no município de Rio Branco, Acre. Questionário estruturado com questões sobre aspectos demográficos, sociais, familiares e comportamentais foi aplicado. A dependência de internet foi verificada pelo internet addiction test (IAT), com ponto de corte igual ou superior a 70. Os fatores associados foram identificados mediante regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: A prevalência geral para dependência de internet foi de 10,6%. Maior dependência foi evidenciada no sexo feminino. Os fatores associados à dependência de internet foram ser do sexo feminino, utilizar o computador por mais de duas horas diárias durante o meio de semana e no fim de semana, não praticar atividade física e sair por pelo menos uma vez ao mês para dançar em boates e shows. Observou-se associação protetora do hábito de leitura em relação à dependência de internet. Conclusões: O presente estudo evidenciou alta prevalência para dependência de internet, sendo as adolescentes do sexo feminino mais suscetíveis. Aspectos comportamentais estiveram associados à dependência de internet em uma amostra de adolescentes de Rio Branco.

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Abstract Social support has been found to positively assist in recovery from problematic alcohol use. This project examined the relationship between disclosure of alcohol recovery status to social connections, and longest period of alcohol abstinence. This cross-sectional study had (N=154) adult participants from the US who were in recovery from problematic alcohol use. Beyond demographic data, participants reported on a variety of things including medical, psychiatric and recovery history. Longest period of alcohol abstinence was associated with participant's level of openness to disclosure, belief in the efficacy of disclosing, number of social connections disclosed to and categories of people one disclosed to. The most common social connections disclosed to were close friends, support groups, and healthcare providers. Disclosing to one's parents, grandparents and children corresponded to the longest periods of alcohol abstinence. Our findings suggest that disclosing recovery status to social connections may support longer periods of alcohol abstinence.

Resumen Se ha comprobado que el apoyo social contribuye positivamente a la recuperación del consumo problemático de alcohol. Este proyecto examinó la relación entre la divulgación del estado de recuperación del alcohol a las conexiones sociales y el período más largo de abstinencia de alcohol. Este estudio transversal tuvo (N=154) participantes adultos de los Estados Unidos que se estaban recuperando del consumo problemático de alcohol. Más allá de los datos sociodemográficos, los participantes informaron sobre una variedad de cosas, incluyendo historia médica, psiquiátrica y de recuperación. El período más largo de abstinencia de alcohol se asoció con el nivel de apertura de los participantes a la divulgación, el número de conexiones sociales reveladas y las categorías de personas a las que se reveló. Las conexiones sociales más comunes reveladas fueron amigos cercanos, grupos de apoyo y proveedores de atención médica. Revelar a los padres, abuelos e hijos correspondía a los períodos más largos de abstinencia al alcohol. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que revelar el estado de recuperación a las conexiones sociales puede apoyar períodos más largos de abstinencia al alcohol.

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Introducción: El consumo de drogas es considerado un elemento favorecedor de las conductas suicidas. En la medida que aumenta la frecuencia, intensidad, tiempo de consumo y la coexistencia con otros trastornos mentales también se incrementa la probabilidad de un comportamiento violento hacia sí mismo. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes adictos ecuatorianos con conductas suicidas y determinar posibles interacciones entre las variables sociodemográficas y de consumo consideradas. Método: Estudio transversal con pacientes drogodependientes que han sido ingresados en la Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC) en el periodo 2010-2016. Se seleccionó una población de 922 pacientes que refirieron algún tipo de conducta suicida luego de haber comenzado el consumo de drogas, incluyendo la ideación y el intento suicidas en cualquiera de sus variantes. Resultados: En este análisis se observó que la población masculina predominó en este grupo de estudio, de los cuales aproximadamente 4 de cada 10 intentaron suicidarse (36,3 por ciento), mientras que las mujeres fueron aproximadamente 5 de cada 10 (46,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Entre los pacientes con conductas suicidas que ingresaron en Unidad de Conductas Adictivas del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil, Ecuador, entre el 2014 y 2017, predominaron mujeres que sufrieron de depresión o tenían comorbilidad con la esquizofrenia. Se trata de mujeres jóvenes de entre 15 a 25 años, que se iniciaron en el consumo de drogas entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, con intentos suicidas previos y depresión(AU)

Introduction: Illicit drug use is considered a favorable element highly associated to suicidal behavior. As the frequency, intensity, time of consumption and coexistence with other mental disorders, the probability of violent behavior towards oneself also increases. Objective: To characterize drug addict patients with suicidal behavior and determine possible links between sociodemographic and consumption variables. Method: A cross-sectional study in drug addict patients admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, was carried out, in the period 2010 throughout 2016. A total of 922 patients who referred any kind of suicidal behavior (including any kind of suicidal ideation or suicidal intent) were selected. Results: This research revealed that male population was predominant, in which 4 of 10 attempted suicide (36.3 percent), meanwhile in females was 5 in 10 approximately (46.3 percent). Conclusions: Among patients with suicidal behavior admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between 2014 and 2017, women who suffered depressive symptoms or had schizophrenia as comorbidity were predominant. Women 15 to 20 years of age and with previous suicidal intent and depressive symptoms(AU)

Introdução: O uso de drogas é considerado um elemento que favorece o comportamento suicida. À medida que aumenta a frequência, intensidade, tempo de consumo e convivência com outros transtornos mentais, aumenta também a probabilidade de comportamento violento contra si mesmo. Objetivo: Caracterizar os dependentes químicos equatorianos com comportamento suicida e determinar as possíveis interações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e de consumo consideradas. Método: Estudo transversal com pacientes dependentes químicos internados na Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC), Equador, no período de 2010-2016. Foi selecionada uma população de 922 pacientes que relataram algum tipo de comportamento suicida após o início do uso da droga, incluindo ideação suicida e tentativa de suicídio em qualquer uma de suas variantes Resultados: Nesta análise observou-se que a população masculina predominou neste grupo de estudo, da qual aproximadamente 4 em 10 tentativas de suicídio (36,3 porcento), enquanto as mulheres foram aproximadamente 5 em 10 (46,3porcento). Conclusões: Entre os pacientes com comportamento suicida internados na Unidade de Comportamento Aditivo do Instituto de Neurociências de Guayaquil, Equador, entre 2014 e 2017, predominaram mulheres que sofriam de depressão ou apresentavam comorbidade com esquizofrenia. São mulheres jovens entre 15 e 25 anos, que começaram a usar drogas entre 15 e 20 anos, com tentativas anteriores de suicídio e depressão(AU)

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RESUMEN El presente texto hace referencia al uso de las nuevas tecnologías entre los adolescentes y jóvenes y al modo en que a nivel mundial llega a convertirse en una conducta adictiva, debido a su empleo inadecuado en esta población. Su objetivo está dirigido a fundamentar los elementos epistemológicos sobre la ludopatía para su atención. Se incursiona en cuestiones inherentes a las adicciones, la drogadicción y en particular sobre la ludopatía y sus consecuencias en los sujetos comprendidos entre las edades mencionadas. Este artículo constituye una salida del proyecto de investigación Sistema de estrategias educativas para la prevención de conductas adictivas en los adolescentes del área de salud Tula Aguilera, el cual gestiona el Centro para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. El tipo de estudio es de carácter Investigación Desarrollo y se ejecutó en el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y febrero de 2020.

ABSTRACT The present text makes reference to the use of the new technologies among the adolescents and young and to the way in that its inadequate employment at world level in the people, ends up becoming an addictive behavior. Their objective is directed to base the elements epistemológicos of the treatment of the ludopatía, from the school activity. This article constitutes an exit of the project of investigation System of educational strategies for the prevention of addictive behaviors in the adolescents of the area of health Tula Aerie, which negotiates the Center for the Development of the Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. The study type is of character Investigation Development and it was executed in the period understood between January of 2017 and February of 2020.