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RESUMEN Introducción: Buscando satisfacer la demanda con procedimientos adhesivos más rápidos, menos sensibles a la técnica y facilidad de uso, se han desarrollado los adhesivos universales, que brindan al profesional la opción de seleccionar la estrategia de adhesión con diferentes modos de grabado, ya sea con grabado y enjuague, autograbado o grabado selectivo. Debido a la poca información existente, se han generado dudas sobre el rendimiento, propiedades y la aplicación de una técnica adhesiva adecuada sobre los tejidos dentales. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de adhesión con el uso de adhesivos universales en modo de grabado y enjuague y autograbado. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, a través de la búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos: SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Springer y EBSCO. Inicialmente se seleccionaron por título y resumen, artículos duplicados se consideraron solo una vez, se incluyeron artículos de acceso libre y pagos, escritos en idioma español e inglés, publicados desde el año 2015, de los cuales 39 artículos fueron seleccionados para el estudio. Conclusiones: El uso de adhesivos universales sobre dentina presenta un nivel de adhesión mayor cuando se aplica en modo de autograbado. La aplicación activa del adhesivo universal en esmalte mejora la fuerza y resistencia de unión. El nivel de adhesión en el esmalte es mayor cuando se aplica en modo de grabado y enjuague. La resistencia inicial y por fatiga del adhesivo, no mejora con los tiempos prolongados del grabado ácido.

ABSTRACT Introduction: universal adhesives have been developed to satisfy the demand with faster adhesive procedures, less sensitive to the technique and ease of use, which offer the professional the option of selecting the adhesion strategy with different etching modes, either with etch-and-rinse, self-etch or selective etching ones. Doubts have been generated about the performance, properties and application of an adequate adhesive technique on dental tissues due to the little existing information. Objective: to determine the level of adhesion with the use of universal adhesives in etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes Methods: an electronic search of the literature was carried out in SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Springer and EBSCO databases. Initially, articles were selected by title and abstract, duplicate ones were considered only once, free and paid access articles, written in Spanish and English and published since 2015 were included; 39 of them were selected for the study. Conclusions: the use of universal adhesives on dentin presents a higher level of adhesion when applied in self-etch mode. The active application of the universal adhesive improves the enamel bond strength. The level of adhesion on the enamel is higher when applied in etch-and-rinse. The initial fatigue resistance of the adhesive does not improve with prolonged acid etching times.

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Aim: Recent reports indicate that deproteinization of acid-etched dentin surface can extend penetration depth of adhesive agents. The main goal of the present research was to investigate the deproteinization effect of Nd:YAG and diode 940 lasers on acid-etched dentin and microleakage grade in class V composite restorations. Methods: 36 extracted human premolar teeth were selected to make standard buccal and lingual class V cavities. These samples were randomly split into three sub-groups: 1.Control group, in which composite was applied for restoration after etch and bonding process without deproteinization; 2.Nd:YAG laser group, in which the teeth were deproteinized with Nd:YAG laser after etching and painting internal surfaces of cavities with Van Geison stain and then composite restorations applied just as control group; 3.Diode laser group, in which the process was similar to Nd:YAG laser group, but instead, diode 940 laser was irradiated. The teeth were bisected into two equal longitudinal buccal and lingual halves. Marginal microleakage of samples was scored by using a stereomicroscope. Kruskal- Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's statistical tests were employed for analysis of the obtained data. Results: A significant reduction in marginal microleakage was observed for both groups treated with laser (Nd:YAG and diode 940)compared to control (p=0.001 & p=0.047). There was no significant difference in marginal microleakage between Nd:YAG laser and diode 940groups (P = 0.333). Conclusion: Nd:YAG and diode 940 laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin decreased the marginal microleakage of in-vitro class V resin composite restorations

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shortening of etching time for dentin on the restoration survival after selective carious tissue removal in primary molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included sixty-two subjects (5-8 year-old) and 100 primary molars presenting moderate dentin carious lesions on occlusal surface. The sample was randomly assigned into groups previously to adhesive application (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE): etching time recommended by manufacturer (15 s) or reduced (7 s). Resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; 3M ESPE) was inserted in a single increment for all restorations. Restorations were evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months using FDI criteria. Survival estimates for restorations' longevity were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to assess the factors associated with failures (p < 0.05). The etching time did not influence the restorations' survival (HR 0.35 95%CI 0.11-1.12; p = 0.06). Mean estimated time of survival was 17.6 months (95%CI, 17.2-17.9). The survival rates at the 18-month follow-up were 75.7% and 91.4% (AFR: 16.9% and 5.7%) when primary dentin was acid etched for 15 and 7 s, respectively (log-rank p = 0.06). In conclusion, the etching time for dentin did not influence the clinical behavior of adhesives restorations. However, there was a tendency for better clinical outcome when using etching time of 7 s.

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Objective. To evaluate the degree of marginal sealing and adhesive strength in Bulk-Fill resin by applying 18% EDTA gel compared to 37% phosphoric acid gel in dental conditioning. Materials and methods. The study was transversal, experimental comparative, and applied. The sample group consisted of 60 teeth with Class I cavities, which were later subjected to conditioning. This was carried out separately with phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds, and 18% EDTA gel within two different time frames: 60 and 90 seconds. All samples were incubated at 37ºC for a period of 24 hours and thermocycled between 5 to 55ºC for 500 cycles. To assess microfiltration, they were immersed in methylene blue at 37ºC for 4 hours, and were later sectioned and observed through a stereomicroscope. In order to perform the traction, the conventional testing machine was used at a speed of 0.75mm/min until the screw with the resin detached. Results: Samples conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid showed a greater degree 1 microfiltration and a mean adhesive resistance of 7.97 MPa. The same number of microfiltration grades 1 and 2 was found when using EDTA gel for 60 seconds, with a mean tensile strength of 8.8 MPa. On the other hand, applying EDTA gel for 90 seconds showed mostly grade 1 microfiltrations, and to a lesser extent, grade 0 and 2, with a mean resistance of 9.2 MPa. Conclusion: There are no statistically significant differences regarding adhesive strength between the two gels; however, better marginal filling was observed when samples were conditioned with 18% EDTA gel for 90 seconds.

Objetivo. Evaluar el grado de sellado marginal y resistencia adhesiva en resina Bulk ­ Fill aplicando gel de EDTA al 18% en comparación al gel de ácido fosfórico al 37% en el acondicionamiento dental. Materiales y métodos. El tipo de estudio fue transversal, comparativo, de nivel aplicativo y diseño experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 dientes con cavidades clase I; se realizó el acondicionamiento con gel de ácido fosfórico, gel del EDTA al 18% en 60 segundos y 90 segundos. El total de las muestras fueron incubados a 37°C por 24 horas, se termocicló con 500 ciclos entre 5 a 55ºC. Para evaluar microfiltración, fueron sumergidos en azul de metileno a 37ºC por 4 horas, fueron seccionadas y observados al estereomicroscopio, para realizar la tracción se empleó la máquina de ensayos universales a una velocidad de 0.75mm/min hasta que se desprendiera el tornillo con la resina. Resultados. Las muestras acondicionadas con ácido fosfórico al 37% presenta mayor microfiltración grado 1 y el promedio de su resistencia adhesiva es de 7.97Mpa, la microfiltración obtenida con EDTA en 60 segundos presenta equidad entre grado 1 y 2; promedio de resistencia a la tracción de 8.8 Mpa y el EDTA 90 segundos presentó mayor microfiltración grado 1 y el resto 0 y 2; el promedio de resistencia fue 9.2 Mpa. Conclusión. No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los acondicionantes para la prueba de resistencia adhesiva, sin embargo se observó mejor sellado marginal cuando se acondicionó con gel de EDTA al 18 % por 90 segundos.

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrofluoridric acid (HF) concentration and time of acid conditioning on bond strength of three glass ceramics to a resin cement. Thus, fifty blocks (10 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm) of each ceramic (LDCAD: IPS e.max CAD; LCAD: IPS Empress CAD and LDHP: IPS e.max Press) were made and embedded in acrylic resin. The surfaces were polished with sandpaper (#600, 800, 1000, and 1200 grits) and blocks were randomly divided into 15 groups (n = 10) according to the following factors: Concentration of HF (10% and 5%), conditioning time (20 s and 60 s) and ceramic (LDCAD, LDHP, and L). After conditioning, silane (Prosil / FGM) was applied and after 2 min, cylinders (Ø = 2 mm; h = 2 mm) of dual resin cement (AllCem / FGM) were made in the center of each block using a Teflon strip as matrix and light cured for 40 s (1,200 mW/cm2). Then, the samples were thermocycled (10,000 cycles, 5/55°C, 30s) and submitted to the shear bond test (50 KgF, 0.5 mm/min). The data (MPa) were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Failure analysis was performed using a stereomicroscope (20x) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ANOVA revealed that the "concentration" factor (p = 0.01) and the interaction "acid concentration X ceramic" (p = 0.009) had a significant effect, however, the "ceramic" (p = 0.897) and "conditioning time" (p = 0.260) factors did not influence the results. The LDHP10%60s (10.98 MPa)aA* group presented significantly higher bond strength than LDHP10%20s (6.57 MPa)bA, LCAD5%20s (6,90 ±3,5)aB and LDHP5%60s (5.66 ± 2,9MPa)aA* groups (Tukey). Failure analysis revealed that 100% of specimens had mixed failure. In conclusion, etching with 5% HF for 20 seconds is recommended for lithium disilicate and leucite-reinforced CAD/CAM ceramics. However, for pressed lithium disilicate ceramic, 10% HF for 60 s showed significantly higher bond strength to resin cement.

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Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of 2% grape seed extract (GSE) containing phosphoric acid (PhA) on the bond strength to enamel and dentin. The control group was 37% PhA. The following three PhA formulations with 2% GSE and 20% ethanol were obtained: GSE5 = 5% PhA; GSE10 = 10% PhA; and GSE20 = 20% PhA. The enamel and dentin surfaces of molars were etched with the acid solutions, followed by Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive and composite resin application. The tensile bond strength (TBS) test evaluated the bond to enamel after 24 h, and the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test evaluated the bond to dentin after 24 h and 12-month water storage. Etched enamel and dentin were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The TBS data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, while µTBS data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The TBS (MPa) to enamel did not significantly differ among the control (48.1 ± 15.7), GSE5 (46.1 ± 9.6), GSE10 (49.8 ± 13.6) and GSE20 (44.1 ± 11.9) groups (p = 0.537). The µTBS (MPa) to dentin of the control (28.4 ± 14.4) and GSE20 (24.1 ± 8.1) groups were significantly higher than those of the GSE5 (16.8 ± 7.4) and GSE10 (17.5 ± 6.6) groups at 24 h (p < 0.006). After 12-month storage, only GSE5 (21.0 ± 7.8) and GSE10 (17.6 ± 8.0) did not show significantly decreased μTBS (p > 0.145). SEM micrographs showed a shallower enamel etching pattern for GSE5. AFM images showed the formation of collagenous globular structures for GSE5 and GSE10. The different acid solutions did not influence the TBS to enamel, and the µTBS to dentin was stable over time when dentin was etched with GSE5 and GSE10.

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Este relato de caso demonstra a utilização clínica de um novo sistema adesivo universal, Xeno Universal (Dentsply DeTrey, Alemanha) descrevendo quatro formas possíveis de aplicação: autocondicionante, com ou sem condicionamento seletivo do esmalte, ou com condicionamento ácido total, seguido da aplicação do adesivo sobre dentina seca ou úmida. Os adesivos universais de uma maneira geral são de fácil aplicação e versáteis, uma vez que o mesmo produto pode ter várias formas de aplicação, reduzindo o tempo clínico e em muitas situações a sensibilidade técnica. No entanto, mais estudos laboratoriais e clínicos que comprovem a eficácia deste novo adesivo universal em particular são necessários, antes que seu uso seja bem indicado aos cirurgiões-dentistas.

This case report describes the clinical application of a new universal adhesive system, Xeno Universal (Dentsply DeTrey, Germany) describing four application modes: self-etching, with or without selective enamel etching, or total etching followed by adhesive application on dry or moist dentin. Universal adhesive systems usually are versatile and easy to use, facilitating the operator, since the same product has several technical possibilities, thus reducing the operating time and the technique sensitivity. However, long-term laboratory studies and more clinical reports and/or clinical trials are needed to prove the quality of this new universal adhesive system, before dentists can start using them in their dental offices.

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Diversas são as falhas relacionadas às restaurações de amálgama, sendo necessário o reparo ou a substituição. Objetivo: O objetivo deste relato de casos clínicos foi apresentar uma condição comumente encontrada no consultório odontológico: restaurações de amálgama rasas fraturadas aliadas ao desejo do paciente de restaurações estéticas. Caso clínico: Foram realizadas em duas pacientes sete trocas de restaurações de amálgama fraturadas, provavelmente devido à profundidade inadequada dos preparos cavitários. As substituições foram executadas por 3 operadores diferentes, utilizando-se um sistema autocondicionante “multi-mode” com a técnica de condicionamento seletivo do esmalte e uma resina composta nanoparticulada com boas propriedades mecânicas e polimento. Ao final, pode-se verificar resultados estéticos satisfatórios para todas as restaurações, porém com variação entre os operadores, salientando a importância do treinamento do profissional, assim como atender o desejo estético do paciente. Conclusão: Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que a forma de resistência e retenção dos preparos para amálgama foi a principal causa das falhas das restaurações neste estudo. Além do mais, na presença de restaurações de amálgama com falhas, estas devem ser reparadas ou substituídas criteriosamente para evitar prejuízo ao remanescente dental; sendo a resina composta o material de eleição para substituição, por ser mais conservador e estético.

Several failures have been related in amalgam restorations that require repair or replacement. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a usual clinical condition found in the dental office: fractured in amalgam restorations associated with the esthetic patient desire. Case report: Seven fractured amalgam restoration replacements, probably due to improper cavity design, were performed in two patients. Three different operators accomplished the replacements. It was applied a “multi-mode” adhesive system using the selective enamel etching technique and a nanofilled resin composite with good mechanical proprieties and polishing. At the end, satisfactory esthetic results were achieved for all restorations. However, differences among operators were detected, stressing the importance of professional training and esthetic desire. Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that the resistance and retention form of amalgam design was the major concern on the failed amalgam restorations in this study. In addition, amalgam restorations must be replaced carefully to prevent damage the dental remaining, and the resin composite has been selected as a preferred option for amalgam replacement, since it is more conservative and esthetic.

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Este estudo avaliou o efeito do condicionamento ácido do esmalte dental e do uso de diferentes fontes luminosas (luz halógena, LED e, LED/LASER) com um produto clareador na alteração de cor, penetração do peróxido de hidrogênio e citotoxicidade ao longo do tempo. A alteração de cor (ΔE) e a quantificação do peróxido permeado foram realizadas em espectrofotômetro. O metabolismo celular foi avaliado pelo teste do MTT e a morfologia por MEV. Os resultados mostraram uma alteração progressiva nos valores de ΔE em todos os tratamentos realizados, no entanto, não houve diferença nos valores de ΔE e na permeação de peróxido de hidrogênio entre as condições experimentais. Verificou-se no teste MTT que o clareamento dentário produziu uma redução significativa no metabolismo celular, independentemente do uso ou não das fontes luminosas. O pré-condicionamento do esmalte dentário não influenciou no metabolismo celular em nenhum grupo. Conclui-se que a associação do produto clareador com diferentes fontes luminosas e/ou com o pré-condicionamento ácido do esmalte são poucos significativos na alteração de cor, penetração trans-amelodentinária de peróxido de hidrogênio, citotoxicidade e morfologia celular

This study evaluated the effect of acid etching of the enamel and the combination of different light sources (halogen light, LED and LED/LASER) with bleaching product on the color change, penetration of hydrogen peroxide and cytotoxicity during the time. The color change (ΔE) and the measurement of peroxide that permeated the tooth tissue were analyzed by spectrophotometer. Cell metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay and the morphology by SEM. The results showed no difference in the values of ΔE and in the permeation of hydrogen peroxide in all experimental conditions. It was found that tooth whitening produced a significant reduction in cell metabolism, regardless of the use or not the light source. The preconditioning of the enamel did not influence the cellular metabolism in either group. It was concluded that the association of the bleaching product with different light sources and/or the preconditioning of the enamel are few significant in color change, trans-enamel and trans-dentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide, cytotoxicity and cell morphology

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Este estudo avaliou o efeito do condicionamento ácido do esmalte dental e do uso de diferentes fontes luminosas (luz halógena, LED e, LED/LASER) com um produto clareador na alteração de cor, penetração do peróxido de hidrogênio e citotoxicidade ao longo do tempo. A alteração de cor (ΔE) e a quantificação do peróxido permeado foram realizadas em espectrofotômetro. O metabolismo celular foi avaliado pelo teste do MTT e a morfologia por MEV. Os resultados mostraram uma alteração progressiva nos valores de ΔE em todos os tratamentos realizados, no entanto, não houve diferença nos valores de ΔE e na permeação de peróxido de hidrogênio entre as condições experimentais. Verificou-se no teste MTT que o clareamento dentário produziu uma redução significativa no metabolismo celular, independentemente do uso ou não das fontes luminosas. O pré-condicionamento do esmalte dentário não influenciou no metabolismo celular em nenhum grupo. Conclui-se que a associação do produto clareador com diferentes fontes luminosas e/ou com o pré-condicionamento ácido do esmalte são poucos significativos na alteração de cor, penetração trans-amelodentinária de peróxido de hidrogênio, citotoxicidade e morfologia celular...

This study evaluated the effect of acid etching of the enamel and the combination of different light sources (halogen light, LED and LED/LASER) with bleaching product on the color change, penetration of hydrogen peroxide and cytotoxicity during the time. The color change (ΔE) and the measurement of peroxide that permeated the tooth tissue were analyzed by spectrophotometer. Cell metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay and the morphology by SEM. The results showed no difference in the values of ΔE and in the permeation of hydrogen peroxide in all experimental conditions. It was found that tooth whitening produced a significant reduction in cell metabolism, regardless of the use or not the light source. The preconditioning of the enamel did not influence the cellular metabolism in either group. It was concluded that the association of the bleaching product with different light sources and/or the preconditioning of the enamel are few significant in color change, trans-enamel and trans-dentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide, cytotoxicity and cell morphology...

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Com o passar das décadas, houve uma evolução na odontologia, mais especificamente das técnicas restauradoras, sendo Buonocore (1955) o introdutor da Era Adesiva. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a literatura acerca dos sistemas adesivos atuais. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre os sistemas de 5º e 6º gerações. Os resumos e títulos dos artigos publicados foram analisados na base de dados PubMed nos últimos 5 anos. No entanto, ainda há divergência de opiniões quanto a técnica empregada, sendo assim, diante da diversidade desses materiais, torna-se impossível destacar aquele que apresente melhor eficácia em todas as situações, sendo de responsabilidade do profissional obter o conhecimento das técnicas e da aplicabilidade clínica de cada material

Over the decades, there was an evolution in dentistry, specifically in filling technique, and Buonocore (1955) has been the introducer of Adhesive Era. Thus, this paper aims to review the literature about the current adhesive systems. Was performed a literature review about the 5th and 6th adhesive system generations. The titles and abstracts of published articles were analyzed in PubMed database over the past 5 years. However, there are still different views about the technique used, therefore, because the diversity of these materials, it is impossible to highlight one that presents the best efficiency in all situations, being the responsibility of the professional the knowledge of the techniques and clinical applicability of each material

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união ao esmalte bovino de um sistema adesivo para compósitos à base de silorano, com e sem condicionamento prévio. Para isso, foram selecionados 12 incisivos bovinos com superfície de esmalte planificada e, então, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (P90) - realizado um platô em esmalte com o sistema restaurador P90; Grupo 2 (P90A) - realizado um platô com condicionamento ácido prévio à utilização do sistema adesivo, utilizando ácido fosfórico a 37% por 15s. Os espécimes (n=6) foram seccionados nos eixos "x" e "y" para obtenção de palitos para o teste de microtração com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA One-way e Tukey. Os testes de microtração mostraram um aumento na resistência de união, quando utilizado o condicionamento ácido prévio ao sistema adesivo adotado no estudo (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o condicionamento prévio com ácido fosfórico a 37% aumentou a resistência de união do sistema restaurador à base de silorano ao esmalte bovino.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength produced by a Silorane-based restorative system to enamel with or without prior acid etching. Twelve bovine incisors were selected. Then, the enamel was planned. The teeth were divided into two groups: Group 1 - a plateau was built in the enamel planned with P90 system (P90); Group 2 - a plateau was built in the enamel with prior etching using 37% phosphoric acid for 15s (P90A). Specimens (n=6) were sectioned in enamel/composite sticks to microtensile testing. The cross-sectional area of the sticks was measured. Beams were pulled until failure and bond strength was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA One-way and Tukey (p=0,05). Microtensile bond strength showed higher values to group 2 (P90A), that used prior etching to the adhesive system tested in the study. In conclusion prior etching with phosphoric acid increased microtensile bond strength values of the Silorane-based composite on bovine enamel.

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Este estudo in vitro avaliou a influência do clareamento ativado com luz híbrida, em função da variação do pH e concentração de géis clareadores, e do condicionamento ácido prévio do esmalte bovino na alteração da rugosidade e desgaste após escovação simulada. Fragmentos de esmalte (1,5cm x 0,5cm x 0,4cm) foram divididos em duas partes, ficando uma metade como controle e a outra como área teste. Esta última foi subdividida em duas metades, sendo que uma recebeu o condicionamento ácido somado ao gel clareador e a outra somente o gel clareador. Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n=10): C = controle; TBO35LH = Total Blanc Office 35% 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPS35LH= Lase Peroxide Sense 35% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPS25LH = Lase Peroxide Sense 25% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPL15LH = Lase Peroxide Lite 15% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser; LPL10LHV = Lase Peroxide Lite 10% - 1 sessão (5x8) + ativação com luz híbrida LED/Laser violeta. A rugosidade aritmética (Ra) inicial, após clareamento e após escovação, foi determinada pela média (μm) de três leituras (em cada área sem e com ácido totalizando seis leituras por espécimes) com o rugosímetro Hommel Tester T 1000. Os valores médios do pH foram determinados pelo peagômetro digital Sentron Model 1001 nos tempos inicial e final. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial por sete dias, submetidos a 100.000 ciclos de escovação simulada. Após 24 horas o desgaste superficial foi determinado (μm) empregando o mesmo rugosímetro. Em relação ao desgaste e a alteração de rugosidade superficial, os resultados foram submetidos à Anova a dois critérios e a dois critérios de medidas repetidas e posteriormente ao teste de Tukey. Os dados obtidos das leituras de pH foram submetidos à ANOVA a um critério e a dois critérios de medidas repetidas e ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e Tukey...

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of whitening activated with hybrid light on the function variations of the pH level and concentration of bleaching gels and prior acid etching of bovine enamel and the change in roughness and wear after simulated tooth brushing. Fragments of enamel (1.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.4 cm) were divided into two parts, one half as the control and the other as the test area. The latter was divided into two halves, one of which received the etching added to the whitening gel and the other with only the whitening gel. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): C = control; TBO35LH = 35% Total Blanc Office 1x session (5x8') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPS35LH = 35% Lase Peroxide Sense - 1x session (5x8') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPS25LH = 25% Sense Lase Peroxide - 1x session (5x8') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPL15LH = 15% Lase Peroxide Lite - 1x session (5x8 ') + activation with hybrid light LED/Laser; LPL10LHV = 10% Lase Peroxide Lite - 1x session (5x8') + activation with violet hybrid light LED/Laser. The arithmetic roughness (Ra) started after bleaching and after brushing was determined by averaging (μm) the three readings (in each area - with and without acid for a total of six readings per specimen) with a Rugosimeter Hommel Tester T 1000. The mean pH values were determined by the Sentron Model 1001 digital pH meter at the start and end times. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva for seven days, and subjected to 100,000 cycles of simulated brushing. After 24 hours, the surface wear was determined (μm) employing the same roughness meter. In relation to the change in wear and surface roughness, the results were evaluated by two way ANOVA testing for repeated measures and later, a Tukey's test. The data obtained from the pH readings were submitted to two way ANOVA testing for repeated measures and the Kruskal Wallis and Tukey tests...

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Introdução: Apesar da importância da etapa de condicionamento ácido nos procedimentos adesivos, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito da marca do condicionador ácido sobre a união do adesivo à dentina. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes condicionadores ácidos na união da resina composta à dentina. Material e Método: Vinte e cinco incisivos bovinos tiveram a coroa dividida em duas hemissecções. As superfícies vestibulares foram desgastadas com lixa carbeto de silício (SiC) #180 até a exposição de dentina, seguida por lixas SiC #600 para padronização da smear layer. As amostras foram aleatoriamente alocadas em cinco grupos (n = 10), de acordo com marca do condicionador ácido: 3M ESPE, Ultradent, Dentsply, Villevie e DFL. Apenas um sistema de união convencional de dois passos (Ambar, FGM) foi utilizado. Matrizes de silicone foram utilizadas na confecção de três cilindros de resina composta em cada amostra. Após 24 horas, os cilindros foram testados sob carga de cisalhamento até a falha. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA a um critério e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). O modo de falha foi avaliado em microscopia óptica e os dados submetidos ao Teste Qui-quadrado (α = 0,05). Resultado: Não houve diferença estatística na resistência de união obtida entre os condicionadores ácidos avaliados. Houve predomínio de falhas adesivas, exceto para os condicionadores da Dentsply e DFL, que demonstraram similaridade entre falhas adesivas e mistas. Conclusão: As diferentes marcas de condicionadores ácidos avaliados não influenciaram a resistência de união de resina composta à dentina.

Introduction: Despite the importance of the acid etching step on bonding procedures, little is known about the acid etchant brand effect on bond strength of adhesive to dentin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different acid etchants at the bond strength of composite resin to dentine. Material and Method: Twenty five bovine incisors had their crown sectioned in two hemi-sections. The buccal surfaces were grounded with #180 silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive paper to exposure of dentin, followed by #600 SiC paper to standardize the smear layer. The samples were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10) according to acid etchant brands: 3M ESPE, Ultradent, Dentsply, Villevie and DFL.Only a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Ambar, FGM) was used. Silicon molds were used to build-up three resin composite cylinder per sample. After 24 hours, cylinders were submitted to shear load until the failure. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey`s test (α = 0,05). The failure mode was evaluated under optical microscopy and the data were submitted to Chi-square test (α = 0,05). Result: There was no statistical difference on bond strength obtained between the acid etchants evaluated. There was predominance of adhesive failures, except for etchants of Dentsply and DFL that showed similarity between mixed and adhesive failures. Conclusion: Different brands of acid etchants did not influence on the bond strength of composite resin to dentin.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influência da idade do paciente e do tempo de condicionamento ácido no desempenho clínico de restaurações com resina composta, em lesões cervicais não-cariosas (LCNCs). Foram distribuídas 140 lesões em quatro grupos (n=35), de acordo com a idade e o tempo de condicionamento ácido. Os dentes foram restaurados com resina composta micro-híbrida e sistema adesivo de dois passos. As restaurações foram avaliadas em período de seis meses, seguindo-se os critérios USPHS modificados, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Aos seis meses, todas as restaurações estavam presentes, e houve redução na sensibilidade entre o momento inicial e seis meses. O tempo de condicionamento ácido e a idade do paciente não influenciaram o desempenho clínico de restaurações com resina composta...

This study evaluated the influence of patient age and etching time on the clinical performance of composite resin restorations in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). One hundred and fourty lesions were divided into four groups (n = 35) according to age and etching time. The teeth were restored with a microhybrid composite resin and two step etch-and-rinse adhesive. The restorations were evaluated over a period of six months following USPHS-modified criteria and data were analyzed using. The results were analyzed using Chi-square and McNemar’s tests (p<0.05). At 6 months, all restorations were present and there was a reduction of sensitivity between baseline and six months. Etching times and patient’s age did not influence the clinical performance of composite resin restorations...

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Objetivo: Avaliar, ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura, a micromorfologia do esmalte dentário decíduo e permanente condicionado com ácido fosfórico a 37%, contaminado por saliva humana e recondicionado por 10 segundos. Métodos: Dois grupos, decíduo e permanente, compostos por cinco incisivos humanos cada, originaram treze superfícies vestibulares onde: dez foram condicionadas com ácido fosfórico (15s e 30s), duas foram apenas contaminadas por saliva (5s e 30s) e uma permaneceu sem condicionamento. Das dez amostras condicionadas, oito foram contaminadas com saliva (5s e 30 s) e apenas quatro foram recondicionadas. Resultados: Os padrões de condicionamento ácido com 15s ou 30s não produziram diferenças visíveis no esmalte de dentes decíduos e permanentes, embora o tempo de 30s produziu uma desmineralização mais profunda no esmalte dos permanentes. A contaminação salivar por 5s e 30s obstruiu as microporosidades produzidas pelo condicionamento ácido, e a lavagem subsequente (30s) não foi suficiente para eliminação desta obstrução. Conclusão: As imagens obtidas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura sugerem que o recondicionamento ácido do esmalte dentário por 10s produziu uma micromorfologia adequada nas amostras condicionadas durante 15s e contaminadas com saliva por 5s, em ambos os grupos.

Objective: Evaluate the morphology of deciduous and permanent human enamel using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze it after acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, human saliva contamination and reconditioning for 10 seconds (s). Methods: Two groups, deciduous and permanent, consisting of five human incisive teeth each, originated thirteen vestibular surfaces where 10 were etched with phosphoric acid (15s and 30s), two were only contaminated with saliva (5s and 30s) and one remained unetched. Eight of the ten etched specimens were contaminated with human saliva (5s and 30s) and only four were reconditioned. Results: The patterns observed with 15s and 30s of acid etching did not produce visible changes on the deciduous or permanent human dental enamel but thirty seconds of acid etching produced a deeper demineralization on the enamel of permanent teeth. Salivary contamination for 5s and 30s obstructed the micropores produced by acid etching and rinsing with water for 30s was not enough to remove it. Conclusion: According to the images obtained by a scanning electron microscope, reconditioning of the enamel for 10s can produce adequate micropores in samples etched for 15s and contaminated with saliva for 5s in both test groups.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the superficial dentin pattern of primary teeth after applying different phosphoric acid concentrations and conditioning times. Twenty-four dentin surfaces were divided in 4 groups with 10 teeth each: GI -no treatment; GII to GIV -phosphoric acid at 37 percent, 32 percent, and 10 percent respectively. The samples were divided into two halves: one treated for 7 seconds (T1) and the other one for 15 seconds (T2). They were submitted to scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). A reticule was superimposed upon the images to randomly select dentinal tubules measured in µm². The conditioning times did not cause significant differences in the mean diameter values of the dentin tubules within each test group: GII (T1= 4.86; T2= 4.70); GIII (T1 = 3.83; T2= 3.08); GIV (T1= 5.04; T2= 5.23). Comparing different groups, there were no differences in T1. The same results were observed in T2, except for GIV which presented higher mean diameter values than GIII. The extent of acid conditioning did not influence tubule opening within groups. When different types of acids where compared, only the 10 percent phosphoric acid showed upper tubule opening than 32 percent phosphoric acid. The dentin pattern varied according to the type of acid used for conditioning.

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The aim of this study was to qualitatively demonstrate surface micro-morphological changes after the employment of different surface conditioning methods on high-alumina and glassy-matrix dental ceramics. Three disc-shaped high-alumina specimens (In-Ceram Alumina, INC) and 4 glassy-matrix ceramic specimens (Vitadur Alpha, V) (diameter: 5 mm and height: 5 mm) were manufactured. INC specimens were submitted to 3 different surface conditioning methods: INC1 - Polishing with silicon carbide papers (SiC); INC2 - Chairside air-borne particle abrasion (50 µm Al2O3); INC3 - Chairside silica coating (CoJet; 30 µm SiOx). Vitadur Alpha (V) specimens were subjected to 4 different surface conditioning methods: V1 - Polishing with SiC papers; V2 - HF acid etching; V3 - Chairside air-borne particle abrasion (50 µm Al2O3); V4 - Chairside silica coating (30 µm SiOx). Following completion of the surface conditioning methods, the specimens were analyzed using SEM. After polishing with SiC, the surfaces of V specimens remained relatively smooth while those of INC exhibited topographic irregularities. Chairside air-abrasion with either aluminum oxide or silica particles produced retentive patterns on both INC and V specimens, with smoother patterns observed after silica coating. V specimens etched with HF presented a highly porous surface. Chairside tribochemical silica coating resulted in smoother surfaces with particles embedded on the surface even after air-blasting. Surface conditioning using air-borne particle abrasion with either 50 µm alumina or 30 µm silica particles exhibited qualitatively comparable rough surfaces for both INC and V. HF acid gel created the most micro-retentive surface for the glassy-matrix ceramic tested.

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Esta pesquisa laboratorial compara a microinfiltração de restaurações de resina composta, usando duas técnicas adesivas: sistemas autocondicionantes e sistemas de frasco único, com prévio condicionamento ácido total. Cem cavidades de classe V foram preparadas em molares humanos (n=10), com margem em esmalte e em dentina, e cinco sistemas de cada estratégia adesiva foram utilizados. Os dentes restaurados foram termociclados, imersos em corante, lavados, secos, seccionados, a extensão da microinfiltração foi analisada com escala de 0-4 e os dados foram submetidos ao teste Kruskall-Wallis (p<0,05). Quando se compararam as estratégias adesivas, observou-se menor nível de infiltrações na técnica do condicionamento ácido total em margens de esmalte (p=0,0056). Nas margens em dentina, os sistemas autocondicionantes promoveram melhor selamento, comparados à técnica do condicionamento ácido total (p=0,0008).

This in vitro study compared the microleakage of composite resins restorations using two adhesives techniques: self-etching primers/adhesives and one-bottle total-etch systems. One hundred class V cavities were prepared in sound human third molars (n=10), with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin. For each adhesive strategy were used five bonding systems. The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue, washed, dried, sectioned and the extent of die leakage was measured and redorded using a 0-4 scale. Data were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Comparing adhesive techniques, total etch systems resulted in lower leakage scores on enamel margins (p=0.0056). For dentin margins, self-etching systems resulted in better sealing capacity (p=0.0008).

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