RESUMO

Resumo O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade no município de São Paulo e verificar os fatores associados à utilização de serviços de saúde. Estudo transversal de base populacional a partir do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015), em que foi realizada análise descritiva e foram elaborados modelos de regressão logística utilizando como desfecho a multimorbidade e variáveis independentes sociodemográficas, de condições de vida e utilização de serviços de saúde. Participaram 3.184 indivíduos com 20 anos ou mais, idade média de 43,8 anos. A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 50,7% entre as mulheres, 62,5% entre os que relataram algum problema de saúde e 55,1% entre os que utilizaram serviços de saúde nas duas últimas semanas. Foi identificada maior prevalência nos indivíduos que usaram serviço de saúde por problema de saúde mental (66,1%) e que informaram maiores despesas com saúde no último mês (55,4%). A multimorbidade foi mais frequente com o envelhecimento, na população com nível econômico mais elevado, com pior autoavaliação de saúde, que utilizou serviços de saúde há seis meses ou menos, que relatou problema de saúde, que tinha plano de saúde e fazia uso da polifarmácia.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the city of São Paulo and to verify the factors associated with the utilization of the health services. It involved a population based cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey in the city of São Paulo, in which descriptive analysis was conducted, and logistic regression models were developed using multimorbidity and sociodemographic independent variables, living conditions and use of health services as the outcome. A total of 3,184 individuals aged 20 years or older participated, with a mean age of 43.8 years. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 50.7% among women, 62.5% among those who reported some health problem and 55.1% among those who had recourse to health services in the last 2 weeks. A higher prevalence was identified among those who used the health service due to a mental health problem (66.1%), and in those who reported higher health expenditures in the preceding month (55.4%). Multimorbidity was more frequently associated with aging, in the population with a higher economic status, with worse self-rated health, who frequented health services for 6 months or less, who reported a health problem, or who had a health plan and opted for polypharmacy.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. METHODS: Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed "early" when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and "late" when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. RESULTS: We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6-36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: -0.25 [-0.46, -0.04] and - 0.196 [-0.306, -0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Background Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. Methods Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed "early" when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and "late" when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. Results We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6-36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: −0.25 [−0.46, −0.04] and − 0.196 [−0.306, −0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.

RESUMO

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a distribuição de Centros Transplantadores (CTs) e transplantes de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) no território brasileiro. Estudo descritivo, que reúne informações sobre a distribuição CTs e o número de procedimentos realizados entre 2001 e 2020, a partir das fontes dos dados: Sociedade Brasileira de Terapia celular e Transplantes de Medula Óssea (SBTMO); Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos (ABTO); Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS); e Ministério da Saúde (MS). Foram identificados 86 CTs, com predominância na região Sudeste do país (64%). A região Norte não possui CTs. No período contabilizaram-se mais de 30 mil procedimentos, concentrados nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. O TCTH do tipo alogênico foi prevalente. Constataram-se divergências entre os números de transplantes realizados a depender da fonte consultada. Apesar do crescimento do número de procedimentos no período do estudo, tanto a distribuição de CTs quanto o número de TCTHs se concentrou em regiões mais desenvolvidas. Essa heterogeneidade pode ter propiciado iniquidades no acesso ao tratamento pela população.

Abstract The scope of this article is to describe the distribution of Transplant Centers (TCs) and hematopoietic stem-cell transplants (HSCTs) in the Brazilian territory. It is a descriptive study, which brings together information on the distribution of TCs and the number of procedures performed between 2001 and 2020, based on the following data sources: the Brazilian Cell Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplant Society of (SBTMO); the Brazilian Organ Transplant Association (ABTO); the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS); and the Ministry of Health (MS). A total of 86 TCs were identified, predominantly in the Southeastern region of the country (64%). There are no TCs in the Northern region. Throughout the period, there were more than 30,000 procedures, concentrated in the Southeastern and Southern regions. The allogeneic type of HSCT was prevalent. Differences were found between the numbers of transplants performed depending on the source consulted. Despite the increase in the number of procedures during the period studied, both the distribution of TCs and the number of HSCTs were concentrated in more developed regions. This heterogeneity may have led to inequities in the access of the population to treatment.

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Access to essential medicines, including opioids, is a component of the right to health. Objective: To identify barriers to opioid availability and accessibility for pain and palliative care. Methods: Online survey with Colombian prescribers. Availability barriers were analyzed for each facility (distribution and/or dispensing). Accessibility barriers were analyzed by type. Descriptive analyses were conducted using relative frequencies. Significance within categories and regions was measured using Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 1,208 prescribers invited, 806 (66.7%) completed the survey. Availability: 76.43% reported barriers. The most cited barrier was "Pharmacies authorized by health insurance companies", where opioids are frequently unavailable. Accessibility: 74.6% reported barriers. Most frequently cited was "Difficulty securing payment authorization for medication from health insurance companies". Significant differences were observed in terms of regions and "Cost" (p=0.02). Lack of coordination among procuring and distributing agencies affects availability. Limited awareness and bureaucratic procedures affect accessibility. Conclusions: There are barriers to opioid availability and access in Colombia, related to the existing structure for guaranteeing equitable supply. From the perspective of healthcare providers, problems related to pharmacy availability, prescription and cost of medicines hinder pain treatment.

Resumen Introducción: El acceso a medicamentos esenciales, incluidos los opioides, es un componente del derecho a la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las barreras de disponibilidad y acceso a los opioides para dolor y cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Encuesta virtual a prescriptores colombianos. Las barreras de disponibilidad se analizaron para cada centro (distribución y/o dispensación) y las barreras de acceso se analizaron por tipo. Los análisis descriptivos se realizaron utilizando frecuencias relativas. La significancia dentro de categorías y regiones se midió utilizando la prueba exacta de Fischer. Resultados: De los 1208 prescriptores invitados, 806 (66.7%) respondieron la encuesta. Disponibilidad: el 76,43% reportó barreras. La barrera más citada fue la relacionada con las "farmacias autorizadas por las aseguradoras de salud", donde los opioides con frecuencia no están disponibles. Acceso: el 74,6% reportó barreras. Se citó con mayor frecuencia la "Dificultad para obtener la autorización de pago de medicamentos por parte de las aseguradoras". Se observaron diferencias significativas entre regiones y "costos" (p=0,02). La falta de coordinación entre las entidades de adquisición y distribución afecta la disponibilidad. La limitada conciencia y los procedimientos burocráticos afectan la accesibilidad. Conclusiones: Existen barreras de disponibilidad y acceso a los opioides en Colombia, las cuales están relacionadas con la estructura disponible para garantizar un suministro equitativo. Desde el punto de vista de los prescriptores, los problemas relacionados con la disponibilidad de las farmacias, la prescripción y el costo de los medicamentos, obstaculizan el tratamiento adecuado del dolor.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The present update is a reassessment of the 2018 'Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil' (Zeferino et al.)9, according to the changes observed in new international guidelines and knowledge updates. The most relevant and recent guidelines were assessed. Questions regarding the clinical practice were formulated, and the answers considered the perspective of the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system. The review addressed risk-based strategies regarding age to start and stop screening, the use of cytology and colposcopy to support management decisions, treatment, follow-up strategies, and screening in specific groups, including vaccinated women. The update aims to improve the prevention of cervical cancer and to reduce overtreatment and the misuse of HPV testing.

Resumo Esta atualização é uma reavaliação das "Recomendações para o uso de testes de DNAHPV no rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil" (Zeferino et al., 2018),9 de acordo com as mudanças observadas nas novas recomendações internacionais, além das atualizações no conhecimento. As recomendações mais relevantes e recentes foram avaliadas. Questões referentes à prática clínica foram formuladas, e as respostas consideraram a perspectiva do sistema de saúde brasileiro, tanto público quanto privado. Esta revisão abrange estratégias baseadas em risco sobre idade para início e término de rastreamento, o uso da citologia e colposcopia para apoiar as condutas, tratamento, estratégias de seguimento, e rastreamento em grupos específicos, incluindo mulheres vacinadas. Esta atualização tem o objetivo de melhorar as estratégias de prevenção do câncer do colo de útero e reduzir o supertratamento e o uso incorreto dos testes de HPV.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present an overview of migratory processes and access to health care for immigrants in Brazil and reflect on the importance of training in Nursing from an interdisciplinary perspective, focused on the care of this population in the context of a pandemic. Methods: this is a theoretical-reflective study based on the authors' experiences and anchored in the literature. Results: some particularities in the access to health services by migrants and refugees show how the pandemic's advancement and continuity impacted them in different ways. Interdisciplinary research and teaching are essential to study and better understand the health needs of the migrant population in Brazil, especially in the context of a pandemic. Final Considerations: the training of health professionals, especially in Nursing, must include these people's specificities so that future interventions are more sensitive and closer to their reality.

RESUMEN Objetivos: presentar el panorama de los procesos migratorios junto al acceso a los cuidados de salud de los inmigrantes en Brasil y reflexionar sobre la importancia de la formación en Enfermería dirigida a la atención de esta población desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria en el contexto de la pandemia. Métodos: se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo, pautado en las experiencias de los autores y también basado en la literatura. Resultados: algunas particularidades en el acceso a los servicios de salud de los migrantes y las personas refugiadas evidencian que éstas han sido impactadas de diferentes maneras con el avance y la continuidad de la pandemia. La investigación y la enseñanza con un enfoque interdisciplinario son importantes para estudiar y comprender mejor las necesidades sanitarias de la población migrante en el país, especialmente en el contexto de la pandemia. Consideraciones Finales: la formación de los profesionales sanitarios, especialmente en Enfermería, debe comprender las especificidades de estas personas para que las futuras intervenciones sean más sensibles y cercanas a la realidad que viven.

RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar o panorama dos processos migratórios e de acesso à saúde de imigrante no Brasil e refletir sobre a importância da formação em Enfermagem, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, voltada ao cuidado dessa população, no contexto de pandemia. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo, pautado nas experiências dos autores e ancorado na literatura. Resultados: algumas particularidades no acesso a serviços de saúde de migrantes e pessoas refugiadas evidenciam como elas têm sido impactadas de diferentes maneiras com o avanço e continuidade da pandemia. A pesquisa e ensino de abordagem interdisciplinar são importantes para estudar e melhor compreender as necessidades de saúde da população migrante no país, especialmente no contexto de pandemia. Considerações Finais: a formação de profissionais de saúde, especialmente em Enfermagem, deve compreender as especificidades destas pessoas para que futuras intervenções sejam mais sensíveis e próximas da realidade que vivem.

RESUMO

Resumo A regulação em saúde na busca da equidade subsidia a gestão e necessita de métodos avaliativos que incrementem os processos de trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a aplicação do mapeamento conceitual na regulação do acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde. Estudo exploratório e descritivo, sob abordagem mista, realizado no Complexo Regulador em Saúde do Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e outubro de 2019 e analisados com o auxílio dos softwares IRaMuTeQ e Concept Systems®. Há uma convergência de 25 declarações geradas pelos 71 participantes, agrupadas em 04 Clusters sobre a regulação rumo ao princípio da equidade. O nível de prioridade assistencial apresentou-se como o foco da regulação e a gestão, a força motriz para a integração dos processos. O mapeamento conceitual é uma ferramenta que pode apoiar o planejamento e avaliação da regulação, pois possibilita identificar pontos prioritários a serem trabalhados pela gestão na melhoria dos processos regulatórios evidenciados neste estudo como a capacitação dos profissionais, a transparência da informação e o nível de prioridade assistencial para um acesso efetivo, equânime, racional e oportuno aos usuários do sistema de saúde.

Abstract Health regulation in the pursuit of equity is the goal of management and requires evaluation methods that improve work processes. The scope of this article is to analyze the application of conceptual mapping in the regulation of access to public health services. It is an exploratory and descriptive study, using a mixed approach, carried out at the Health Regulatory Complex of the Federal District. The data were collected between August and October 2019 and analyzed with the assistance of IRaMuTeQ and Concept Systems® software. There is a convergence of the 25 statements generated by the 71 participants, grouped into 4 clusters, on regulation towards the principle of equity. The healthcare priority level was presented as the focus of regulation and management, the driving force behind the integration of processes. Conceptual mapping is a tool that can support regulation planning and evaluation, as it makes it possible to identify priority points to be worked on by management in improving the regulatory processes identified in this study. These include the training of professionals, the transparency of information and the level of priority healthcare, for effective, equitable, rational and timely access for users of the health system.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Objetiva-se discutir equidade e acesso em saúde mental por meio da análise da distribuição das equipes da atenção primária (Agentes comunitários de Saúde; Equipes de saúde da Família; Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família) e da cobertura da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) em três estados nordestinos (Ceará, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte) nas suas respectivas regiões de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, apoiado por análise quantitativa exploratória. Para tanto, recorremos à base de dados do Departamento de Atenção Básica/DATASUS para a coleta dos dados secundários em relação às séries históricas de habilitação das equipes da Atenção Primária. Quanto aos pontos de atenção da RAPS, utilizamos a base de dados disponibilizada pela Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental do Ministério da Saúde. A investigação concluiu que até 2018 observou-se no país um importante movimento de interiorização e expansão da cobertura em relação à atenção primária e psicossocial, impactando na ampliação da equidade nos territórios de menor desenvolvimento econômico e social. Contudo, verificou-se que os serviços de APS estão mais interiorizados, enquanto os demais dispositivos da RAPS estão mais desenvolvidos nas capitais e grandes municípios.

Abstract The scope of this study is to discuss equity and access to mental health care by means of analysis of the distribution of primary care teams (Community Health Agents; Family Health Teams; the Expanded Family Health Nucleus) and the coverage of the Psychosocial Care Network in three Northeastern states (Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte) and their respective health regions. It is a descriptive study, supported by exploratory quantitative analysis. For this purpose, the database of the Department of Basic Care/DATASUS was used to collect secondary data in relation to the historical trajectory of training of Primary Care teams. Regarding the points of care of RAPS, the database made available by the National Mental Health Coordination of the Ministry of Health was consulted. The conclusion of the investigation was that prior to 2018 there was a major drive in the country into the interior and expansion of coverage in relation to primary and psychosocial care, impacting the expansion of equity in territories of lesser economic and social development. However, it was also observed that Psychosocial Care Network services are more prevalent in the interior while the other related services are more developed in capitals and large municipalities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The study aimed to identify the changes in the provision of dental prosthetics procedures in the Brazilian primary care. Secondary data from the Brazilian "National Programme for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care" was assessed and three similar questions related to dental prostheses execution that were answered by the same 9,698 oral health teams, in 2011/2012 and 2013/2014, were compared. There was a 4.3% increase in the number of teams that identified individuals with prosthetic needs; a 0.8% increase in the number of teams that performed impression for prosthetic purposes; and the number of teams that reported performing dental prostheses consultations increased by 0.6%. Overall, there was a small modification in the number of teams that provided dental prosthesis procedures in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as mudanças na oferta de procedimentos de prótese dentária na atenção primária no Brasil. Dados secundários do "Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica" foram acessados. Foram avaliadas três questões semelhantes, relativas a confecção de próteses dentáriass e respondidas pelas mesmas 9.708 Equipes de Saúde Bucal do Sistema Único de Saúde, em 2011/2012 e 2013/2014 .A análise estatística foi realizada, onde as respostas dos diferentes ciclos de avaliação foram comparadas. Houve um aumento de 4,3% no número de equipes que identificavam necessidade de prótese dentária; um aumento de 0,8% no número de equipes que realizaram moldagem com finalidade protética; o número de equipes que realizavam consulta de retorno para avaliação da prótese aumentou 0,6%. De um modo geral, houve uma pequena modificação no número de equipes que ofertavam prótese dentária no Brasil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a public health issue with high incidence and mortality in Colombia due to tardy diagnosis and barriers to access to curative treatment; this leaves palliative care (PC) as the only option. Our aim is to describe the access barriers to PC perceived by adults with GC, caregivers and physician in Santander, Colombia. A qualitative study was carried out with the analysis of the grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin), through semi-structured interviews, after sampling for convenience we found that the access barriers were: administrative, economic, cultural, knowledge, communication, institutional and geographical; strategies to overcome barriers: screening programs, governmental surveillance, and investment in health. In conclusion, access to PC requires remove barriers to timely and integral access and strengthen health and education policies to facilitate procedures and services that ensure the attention required by the adult with GC.

Resumo O câncer gástrico (CG) é um problema de saúde pública com alta incidência e mortalidade na Colômbia, devido ao seu diagnóstico tardio e às barreiras ao tratamento curativo, o que deixa os cuidados paliativos (CP) como única opção terapêutica. O objetivo é descrever as barreiras aos cuidados de CP percebidos pelo adulto com CG, cuidador e médico assistente em Santander, Colômbia. Um estudo qualitativo foi realizado com a análise da teoria fundamentada (Strauss e Corbin), por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, após amostragem por conveniência, constatou-se que as barreiras de acesso foram; administrativo, econômico, cultural, conhecimento, comunicação, institucional e geográfico; as estratégias para superá-los: programas de triagem, vigilância governamental e investimento em saúde. Em conclusão, o acesso à PC deve ser melhorado, eliminando barreiras ao acesso oportuno e abrangente e fortalecendo as políticas de saúde e educação, com a participação ativa do Estado e da comunidade para garantir a assistência à saúde.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Poverty and social inequalities together with sexually transmitted diseases have a negative impact on women's health, which is considered to be a public health problem. Objective: To analyze barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services in cleaning workers. Materials and methods: A survey was administered to a sample of 37 female cleaning workers at a hospital in Bogotá D.C. A bivariate analysis was performed with chi-square test, as well as a multivariate analysis with binomial logistic regression. Results: Need factors showed greater association with non-use of sexual health services. All married women had accessed the service over the past 12 months, but there were 5.9 less possibilities of using sexual and reproductive health services when there was no awareness about risk behaviors of sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion: The determining factor for the utilization of sexual health services is the health care need factor. Variables such as perception of risk behaviors and appropriateness of health care significantly influence the use of the service.

Resumen Introducción. La pobreza y las desigualdades sociales, junto a infecciones de transmisión sexual, tienen un impacto negativo en la salud de la mujer, lo que se considera un problema de salud pública. Objetivo. Analizar las barreras de acceso para la utilización de servicios de salud sexual de las mujeres trabajadoras en servicios generales. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 37 mujeres trabajadoras en servicios generales en un hospital de Bogotá D.C. Se realizó análisis bivariado con prueba chi cuadrado y multivariado con regresión logística binomial. Resultados. Los factores de necesidad tuvieron mayor asociación con la no utilización de los servicios de salud sexual. Todas las mujeres casadas accedieron al servicio en los últimos 12 meses y existe 5.9 menos posibilidades de utilizar los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva si se desconocen las conductas de riesgo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Conclusión. El principal factor determinante para la utilización de los servicios de salud sexual es el factor de necesidad de atención en salud, cuyas variables, como la percepción de conductas de riesgo y la pertinencia de la atención en salud, influyen significativamente en la utilización del servicio.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Suriname has moved from being the country with the highest annual parasite index in the Americas to one on the threshold of elimination. The progress toward elimination in the stable populations of Suriname between 2000 and 2015 is reviewed. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Medical Mission and the Ministry of Health Malaria Programme case-reporting systems, and analysed with a focus on disease burden and differentiation of the disease geographically, by malaria species, age, gender, ethnicity, incidence and gametocytaemia. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2015 there were 57,811 locally acquired cases of malaria in the stable populations of Suriname. A significant reduction in indigenous malaria cases was observed from 2006 to 2015. The number of imported malaria cases saw a relative increase compared to the number of autochthonous cases. In 2015 over 95% of the cases reported in stable communities are imported, mainly from neighbouring French Guiana, a department of France. The overall decline in malaria case incidence followed the mass-distribution of free long-lasting insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets and increased awareness building efforts, improved access to malaria services as a result of the introduction of Rapid Diagnostic Tests and the implementation of active case detection in high risk areas. In addition, improved management of Plasmodium falciparum infections was achieved with the introduction of artemisinin combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of a network of policlinics in the interior ran by Medical Mission, for the indigenous population, allowed the rapid implementation of the strategy in stable communities. The success of malaria control in Suriname indicates that the availability at local level, of prompt and adequate prevention, diagnosis and treatment is a key requirement for the elimination of malaria.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Constata-se o aumento da prevalência do Transtorno do Espectro Autista na população mundial e no Brasil. A internet tem se constituído importante fonte de informação ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, incluindo a saúde mental. Cabe sabermos se os caminhos virtuais em busca de informação se relacionam aos desfechos da linha de cuidado para transtornos mentais preconizada pelo SUS, como para o Autismo. Portanto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a rede virtual de acesso a informações sobre atendimento para Autismo no município do Rio de Janeiro em 2017, através da perspectiva da Análise de Rede Sociais. Para isso, foram coletados dados virtuais como: fontes virtuais de informação, serviços de atendimento citados pelas fontes virtuais e tipo de serviço (Público, privado ou ONGs). Através do uso do software Gephi, foi gerado e analisado um sociograma. Os resultados apontam para uma predominância de serviços de ONGs na rede, maior centralidade de grau e poder de intermediação desses serviços, além do isolamento dos serviços públicos de saúde. O resultado pressupõe que o sistema de informações acerca do acesso aos serviços de saúde pública para o tratamento do TEA seja expandido para a população em geral, contribuindo com a melhoria do acesso a esses serviços.

Abstract The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the world population and in Brazil is increasing. The Internet has become an important source of information regarding access to health services, including mental health. It remains to be seen if the virtual paths in search of information are related to the outcomes of the line of care for mental disorders advocated by the SUS, such as Autism. Therefore, this article sets out to analyze the virtual network of access to information about care for Autism in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in 2017 through the perspective of Social Network Analysis. In this regard, virtual data were collected, such as: virtual information sources; care services cited by the virtual sources and type of service (Public, Private or NGOs). Through the use of Gephi software, a sociogram was generated and analyzed. The results point to a predominance of NGO services in the network, greater centrality of degree and power of intermediation in NGO services, in addition to the isolation of public health services. The result implies that the information system about access to public health services for the treatment of ASD is expanded to the general population by contributing to improved access to these services.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se analisar a acessibilidade ao serviço de saúde da mulher no ciclo gravídico puerperal na percepção das usuárias. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados. A composição da população foi de mulheres que estiveram ou estavam em período gravídico ou puerperal no período de janeiro de 2012 a abril de 2014. O critério de saturação foi adotado para definir a amostra, que alcançou 29 entrevistadas. Adotou-se para análise dos dados, a técnica categorial temática. Os resultados mostraram a existência de diversas barreiras geográficas, econômicas, socioculturais e organizacionais na assistência à mulher no ciclo gravídico e período pós-parto. Percebeu-se a necessidade de mudanças organizacionais de modo que reflita na melhoria da qualidade na assistência (AU).

This study aimed to analyze accessibility to the health service of women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, in the perception of the female service users. To this end, an exploratory, descriptive study was undertaken, with a qualitative approach, using a semistructured interview for data collection. The population was made up of women who had been, or were, in the pregnancy-puerperium cyclein January 2012 ­ April 2014. The criteria of saturation was adopted for defining the sample, which reached the number of 29 interviewees. The thematic categorical technique was adopted for analysis of the data. The results showed the existence of various geographical, economic, sociocultural and organizational barriers in the assistance to women in the pregnancy cycleand in the postpartum period. It is possible to note the need for organizational changes which would be reflected in improvement in the quality of the care (AU).

Estudio cuyo objetivo fue analizar la accesibilidad al servicio de salud de la mujer en el ciclo gravídico puerperal en la percepción de las usuarias. Para eso, se realizó un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, utilizándose entrevista semiestructurada en la obtención de datos. La composición de la población fue de mujeres que estuvieron o estaban en periodo gravídico o puerperal de enero de 2012 a abril de 2014. El criterio de saturación fue adoptado para definir la muestra, que tuvo 29 entrevistadas. Fue utilizada, para análisis de los datos, la técnica categorial temática. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de distintas barreras geográficas, económicas, socioculturales y organizacionales en la asistencia a la mujer en el ciclo gravídico y periodo posparto. Fue constatada la necesidad de cambios organizacionales que reflexionen en la mejoría de la cualidad en la asistencia (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar la utilización y accesibilidad a los medicamentos en pacientes cubiertos por el Sistema Nacional del Seguro Social de Argentina (SNSSA). Material y Métodos: Se estudió la accesibilidad a los medicamentos que eran consumidos los últimos 15 días antes de ser hospitalizados, en 500 pacientes en 5 hospitales en el área de Buenos Aires. Resultados: Del total de encuestados, 292 pacientes tuvieron prescripción médica 15 días antes de ser hospitalizados, 171 (58,6%) pacientes no tuvieron accesibilidad a medicamentos. La media de edad fue: 47,4 + 18,8 y rango de 0.1 a 89 años; 173 (34,6%) fueron de sexo masculino y 327 (65,4%) femenino. La distribución de la cobertura de los pacientes estudiados fue predominantemente perteneciente al Sistema Público con 280 (56,0%), Obra Social 175 (35,0%) y Prepago 45 (9,0%). Las razones de la no accesibilidad, fueron principalmente: errores en los procesos que van desde la emisión de las recetas, llenado incorrecto de los formularios hasta la no disponibilidad de los medicamentos en las farmacias. Conclusiones: La falta de accesibilidad a medicamentos en pacientes cubiertos por el SNSSA es un fenómeno frecuente.

Objective: To investigate the use and accessibility to drugs in patients covered by the National Social Security Argentina (SNSSA). Material and Methods: We studied the accessibility to drugs that were consumed the last 15 days before hospitalization, in 500 patients in 5 hospitals in the area of Buenos Aires. Results: Of the 500 patients surveyed, 292 patients had medical prescription 15 days before being hospitalized, 171 (58.6%) patients had no access to medicines. The mean age was 47.4 + 18.8 and range of 0.1 to 89 years; 173 (34.6%) were male and 327 (65.4%) female. The distribution of coverage of patients studied was predominantly belonging to the Public System with 280 (56.0 %), Social Work 175 (35.0 %) and Prepay 45 (9.0%). The reasons for non- accessibility were mainly: the errors in processes ranging from issuing prescriptions, improper filling of forms to non-availability of medicines in pharmacies. Conclusions: The lack of access to medicines for patients covered by SNSSA is a common phenomenon.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Analisamos se a raça pode ser considerada um fator limitante na utilização dos serviços odontológicos por idosos. O presente estudo é de caráter analítico, com a utilização de dados secundários coletados pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal em 2003. Foram incluídos os examinados que se declararam como brancos, pardos ou pretos, na faixa etária de 65 a 74 anos. O número amostral foi composto por 5.108 idosos sendo 2.575 brancos e 2.533 negros. Dos brancos 3,8% afirmaram nunca terem ido ao dentista enquanto que para os negros esse valor é de 7,8%. Mesmo após o ajuste com interceptação de necessidade de prótese e dor, a chance do idoso negro não ter utilizado o serviço odontológico pelo menos uma vez na vida é 0.62 OR menor que para um idoso branco. Dos que utilizaram os serviços, 21,2% dos idosos brancos visitaram o dentista no último ano, enquanto para os negros o valor foi de 14,2%, no modelo ajustado interceptado pela necessidade de prótese e dor o OR foi de 0.60. Todas as relações foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001). A raça é um fator limitante na utilização dos serviços odontológicos por idosos e, mesmo após ajustes, os idosos negros permanecem com maior dificuldade na utilização dos serviços de saúde bucal.

We analyze if race can be considered a limiting factor in the use of dental services by the elderly. This study is of an analytical nature, with the use of secondary data collected by the National Survey of Oral Health in 2003. Those examined who declared themselves as being white, brown or black in the 65 to 74-year-old age bracket were included. The sample was composed of 5,108 elderly people: 2,575 whites and 2,533 blacks. Of the whites, 3.8% stated that they had never been to the dentist, while this figure was 7.8% for the blacks. Even after the adjustment for interception for prosthetics and dental pain, the chance of elderly blacks not having used dental services at least once in their life is 0.62 OR less than for elderly whites. Of those who used the services, 21.2% of the elderly whites visited the dentist in the last year, while for elderly blacks the figure was 14.2%, in the adjusted model for interception for prosthetics and dental pain the OR was 0.60. All the relations were statistically significant (p<0,001). Race is a limiting factor in the use of dental services by the elderly and even after the adjustments the elderly blacks continue to manifest greater resistance to the use of oral health services.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O conhecimento sobre os itinerários de pessoas em busca de atenção à saúde pode contribuir para compreensão sobre o comportamento em relação ao cuidado e utilização de serviços de saúde. Apesar de sua potencialidade, os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos não tem expressão conhecida no Brasil. Este artigo busca apresentar um levantamento da produção científica nacional sobre o assunto nos últimos 20 anos, descrevendo e analisando as abordagens realizadas. Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de setembro e novembro de 2008 através do portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. A busca resultou em 11 artigos que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo por meio de categorização. Observou-se que os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos no Brasil são recentes e pouco explorados por pesquisadores e gestores. A abordagem socioantropológica oferece suporte teórico à maioria dos estudos realizados. O principal foco de interesse é a percepção do paciente sobre a doença e tratamento. Poucos são os estudos que nessa discussão associam aspectos sobre o acesso e utilização dos serviços e fatores relacionados ao contexto do paciente. Conclui-se que o estudo sobre itinerários terapêuticos pode ser uma importante ferramenta para a qualificação da assistência.

Knowledge about the itineraries of people seeking healthcare may contribute to our understanding of behavior in relation to healthcare and utilization of health services. In Brazil, however, despite their relevance there have been few studies into healthcare-seeking behavior and those available are relatively new and have not received the attention they deserve from health researchers and managers. This article presents the results of a survey of the Brazilian scientific literature on this subject published in the past 20 years, describing and analyzing the approaches used. Data were collected between September and November 2008 through the portal of the Virtual Health Library. The search located 11 articles and content analysis was used to generate categories. The majority of these studies are grounded in socio-anthropological theory, and the main focus of interest is the patient's perception of disease and treatment. Only a few of these publications address patients' access to and utilization of health services. It is argued that the study of healthcare-seeking behavior can be an important tool for improving the quality of healthcare.

Assuntos