RESUMO

Este artículo se propone revisar las prácticas de citación en un conjunto de exámenes realizados por estudiantes que comienzan sus carreras universitarias en una institución argentina, en particular los modos en que se construyen dos tipos de citas: las citas textuales y las citas de reformulación. Debido a las dificultades recurrentes que se observan en esta incorporación, busca categorizar estos problemas y determinar su frecuencia de aparición. El material de análisis está constituido por una muestra de ochocientos exámenes pertenecientes a dos materias iniciales que se dictaron bajo la modalidad virtual y presencial. Este estudio, por un lado, da cuenta de diversos problemas que surgen en las prácticas de citación y que involucran tanto aspectos que pueden inscribirse en el plano formal como aquellos que lo exceden. Por el otro, demuestra que la distribución de estas rupturas no son siempre equivalentes. Algunas de estas transgresiones podrían atribuirse al encuentro entre el o la ingresante con convenciones académicas ajenas a sus experiencias previas; no obstante, muchas de ellas evidencian estudiantes con escaso entrenamiento en la lectura y la escritura.

This article intends to examine the citation practices in a set of exams taken by students who begin their university careers in an Argentine institution, in particular the ways in which two types of citations are constructed: textual citations and reformulation citations. Due to the recurring difficulties that are observed in this incorporation, it seeks to categorize these problems and determine their frequency of appearance. The analysis material is made up of a sample of eight hundred exams belonging to two initial courses that were dictated under the virtual and face-to-face modality. This study on the one hand, reports on various problems that arise in citation practices and that involve both aspects that can be included in the formal level and those that go beyond it. On the other, it shows that the distribution of these ruptures is not always equivalent. Some of these transgressions could be attributed to the encounter between the first-year students with academic conventions alien to their previous experiences; however many of them show students with little training in reading and writing.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas de citação num conjunto de exames realizados por alunos em início de carreira universitária numa instituição argentina, em particular, as formas como são construídos dois tipos de citações: as citações textuais e as citações de reformulação. Devido às dificuldades recorrentes observadas nesta incorporação, procurase categorizar estes problemas e determinar a sua frequência de ocorrência. O material de análise é constituído por uma amostra de 800 provas de exame de duas disciplinas iniciais leccionadas online e presencialmente. Este estudo, por um lado, revela varios problemas que surgem nas práticas de citação e que envolvem tanto aspectos que podem ser inscritos no nível formal como aqueles que vão para além dele. Por outro lado, mostra que a distribuição dessas rupturas nem sempre é equivalente. Algumas dessas transgressões podem ser atribuídas ao encontro do participante com convenções académicas alheias às suas experiências anteriores; no entanto, muitas delas são evidencias de estudantes com pouca formação em leitura e escrita.

RESUMO

Introducción: Este artículo reporta los avances y desafíos observados por un equipo de profesores involucrados en la orientación de la lectura y escritura académica al iniciar la preparación profesional en el programa de Medicina de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, desde un enfoque de géneros discursivos. Objetivo: Analizar la reorientación del perfil curricular y las decisiones pedagógicas de los profesores de la asignatura Taller de Lenguaje, orientada en el primer semestre de los años 2020 y 2021. Metodología: El artículo se orienta por el modelo de "reflexión sobre la acción" para la investigación pedagógica, el diseño de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las profesiones. Análisis y resultados: Se introdujo a los estudiantes en su cultura disciplinar por la vía de su léxico especializado y del contacto inicial con la terminología médica en su discurso científico. A su vez, se abordó, desde la lectura, el género disciplinar artículo de investigación y su componente el resumen o abstract; y desde la escritura, los géneros de formación glosario y bibliografía anotada. Se estudiaron temas puntuales de escritura, como los discursos referidos y el uso de signos ortográficos, de manera articulada con la producción de dichos géneros. Conclusiones: El avance principal de la pedagogía implementada consiste en la pertinencia de los textos elegidos y de los saberes lingüísticos ofrecidos en la formación profesional de los estudiantes de recién ingreso. El currículo actualmente integra la enseñanza de competencias generales referidas a prácticas, géneros y aspectos normativos de la comunicación académica con la enseñanza de competencias específicas para leer y escribir textos propios de cada disciplina. Finalmente, surgen desafíos como el de articular enfoques entre los profesores de Taller de Lenguaje y los de Medicina, o el de pensar en formas de evaluar el impacto del Taller de Lenguaje con indicadores ajustados a las disciplinas.

Introduction: This article reports the progress and challenges observed by a team of professors involved in the teaching of academic reading and writing at the beginning of professional training in the Medicine undergraduate program at Universidad Industrial de Santander, using a genre-based approach. Objective: To analyze the reorientation of the curricular design as well as the educational decisions made by professors of the subject, Taller de Lenguaje, taught during the first semester of 2020 and 2021. Methodology: The present study is guided by the reflection-on-action model for pedagogical research, teaching design, and professional training. Analysis and results: Students were introduced to their disciplinary culture by means of specialized vocabulary and initial contact with medical terminology and its scientific discourse. Regarding the reading practice, the research article was addressed along with the abstract as one of its components. In turn, students wrote training genres such as glossaries and annotated bibliographies. Specific issues related to academic writing such as the use of reported speech and punctuation marks were studied in parallel to the production of such genres. Conclusions: The main progress with the implemented pedagogy lies in the relevance of the chosen texts and the linguistic knowledge made available for the professional training of first year students. The current curriculum integrates the teaching of general competences related to practices, genres, and normative aspects of academic communication, with the teaching of specific skills to read and write texts particular to each discipline. Finally, challenges arise as to the articulation of approaches among professors in charge of Taller de Lenguaje and professors from the Faculty of Medicine, or as to the assessment of the impact of Taller de Lenguaje by means of subject-oriented indicators.

RESUMO

Introduction: Currently, young people have access to a large amount of information, so they must have the ability to critically analyze the texts they are exposed to in order to choose those that are useful for their training or research process, as well as to have the necessary skills to interact efficiently with the texts, especially with those specialized documents corresponding to their area of study. In this regard, this article aims to identify how cognitive, emotional, attitudinal, digital and personality aspects influence the development of academic literacy skills in university students. Method: Research was conducted with the mixed method, in which quantitative instruments were applied and analyzed: a Likert scale questionnaire to measure the perceived level of mastery of academic literacy skills, which was applied to a sample of 595 students from higher education institutions in Mexico and Spain. In addition, a test was applied to identify personality type. For the qualitative part, the case study was chosen and the qualitative instruments applied were interviews with a teacher and a student and a focus group with five students. Results: The findings identified were as follows: (a) the cognitive aspect of academic literacy is the one with the lowest perceived mastery by students, (b) having a positive attitude favors the development of academic literacy, (c) by knowing the aspects of their personality that can favor the development of academic literacy, students can seek strategies to improve that competency, (d) the emotional part has repercussions in the process of developing the competence of academic literacy, (e) students prefer to interact with texts in digital spaces and therefore must learn to interact critically in virtual environments, (f) Mexican students perceive themselves to have a higher level of mastery of the academic literacy competency than Spanish students. Conclusion: The literature review and the mixed methods study allowed identifying the relevance of approaching academic literacy in university environments in a holistic manner through the analysis of the influence of cognitive, attitudinal, emotional, digital and personality aspects.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the meanings of creation and the possibilities of authorship for students from two public universities. Reading and writing workshops with students, which were recorded via audio recordings and fieldnotes constituted the field of study. The analyses were based on the theoretical perspectives of Bakhtin and Vygotski and focused, from the students' point of view, on the social places institutionally occupied by professors and students and the meanings about the academic practices and their consequences for the possibilities of authorship and creation. The results indicate places of inequality in the relationship between peers from public and private education, the individual responsibilization of the students for their trajectories within the university and the signification of academic authorship as responsive to the productivist logic guided by the commodification of scientific production.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los significados de la creación y las posibilidades de autoría para estudiantes de dos universidades públicas. Los talleres de lectura y escritura con estudiantes constituyeron el campo de investigación, que se grabaron mediante grabación de audio y notas en un diario de campo. Los análisis se basaron en las perspectivas teóricas de Bakhtin y Vigotski, y se centraron, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, en los lugares sociales ocupados institucionalmente por profesores y estudiantes y los significados de las prácticas académicas y sus consecuencias sobre las posibilidades de autoría y creación. Los resultados indican lugares de desigualdad en la relación entre pares de la educación pública y privada, la responsabilidad individual de los estudiantes por sus trayectorias en la universidad y la significación de la autoría académica como sensible a la lógica productiva guiada por la mercantilización de la producción científica.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os sentidos da criação e as possibilidades de autoria para estudantes de duas universidades públicas. Oficinas de Leitura e Escrita com estudantes constituíram o campo da pesquisa, as quais foram registradas via gravação em áudio e anotações em diário de campo. As análises fundamentaram-se nas perspectivas teóricas de Bakhtin e Vigotski e tiveram como foco, sob a ótica dos estudantes, os lugares sociais ocupados institucionalmente por docentes e discentes e as significações sobre as práticas acadêmicas e seus desdobramentos nas possibilidades de autoria e criação. Os resultados indicam lugares de desigualdade na relação entre os pares provenientes do ensino público e privado, a responsabilização individual dos/as estudantes por suas trajetórias na universidade e a significação da autoria acadêmica como responsiva à lógica produtivista orientada pela mercantilização da produção científica.

RESUMO

En este artículo de reflexión resultado de investigación se plantean algunas consideraciones sobre la escritura en el ámbito universitario con base en el concepto de alfabetización académica, y nociones tales como: la escritura a través del currículo y las disciplinas, y los géneros discursivos. El contexto de las reflexiones son las dificultades de escritura expresadas por estudiantes de posgrado e investigadores durante la realización, entre 2011-2016, de un seminario-taller sobre escritura académico-investigativa, propuesta derivada de las actividades de investigación de carácter aplicado del Doctorado en Lingüística del cual se deriva el presente texto

This is an article to reflect, and it comes from a research work in which some considerations about writing in the university environment using academic literacy and notions such as writing throughout the curricula and the disciplines and the speech genres as bases. The context of the reflections are the difficulties to write expressed by graduate students and researchers during a workshop-seminar developed between 2011 and 2016 about academic research writing, a proposal that came from the research activities applied in the Linguistics PhD program

Neste artigo de reflexão resultado de investigação se planteiam algumas considerações sobre a escritura no âmbito universitário com base no conceito de alfabetização acadêmica, e noções tais como: a escritura através do currículo e as disciplinas, e os gêneros discursivos. O contexto das reflexões são as dificuldades de escritura expressadas por estudantes de pós-graduação e investigadores durante a realização, entre 2011-2016, de um seminário-workshop sobre escritura acadêmico investigativa, proposta derivada das atividades de investigação de carácter aplicado do Doutorado em Linguística da qual se deriva o presente texto

RESUMO

El artículo contribuye con la reflexión académica sobre las prácticas de lectura y escritura en la educación superior, realizada en el marco de la investigación interinstitucional financiada por Colciencias "¿Para qué se lee y se escribe en la universidad colombiana? Un aporte a la consolidación de la cultura académica del país", investigación nacional que convocó a 17 universidades. Con este fin se presentan algunos resultados de una encuesta aplicada a estudiantes universitarios de las instituciones participantes en el proyecto. Se plantea una reflexión sobre la alfabetización académica desde el análisis de los resultados de la encuesta, que enfatiza en las preguntas sobre qué leen y escriben los estudiantes universitarios, y con qué propósito lo hacen. La encuesta muestra como tendencias el predominio en la lectura y la escritura de apuntes de clase, y de las actividades académicas relacionadas con la evaluación, aspectos que son analizados desde las prácticas educativas propuestas en las instituciones y los funcionamientos cognitivos implicados en la escritura.

This article contributes to academic reflection on scholarly reading and writing practices in Higher Education, stemming from the Colciencias-funded inter-institutional research project "What do we read and write for in the Colombian University? A contribution to the consolidation of academic culture in the country". This project was a country-wide study of 17 universities. To this end, some results of a survey of college students from participating universities in the project are presented. We present a reflection on academic literacy from the analysis of the survey results, focusing on questions such as what did university students read and write about and what purpose did they fulfill. The survey showed, as tendencies, the predominance of the reading and writing on class notes, and the academic activities associated to assessment, aspects that are analyzed from educative practices proposed to institutions and the cognitive performance involved in writing.